Master bibliography — attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Last updated: 2026-08-30 · 455 unique live-PubMed-verified records

Each entry records every wiki page that cites the paper. Topic grouping follows the canonical page plan; duplicates are avoided by assigning each paper to its first citing page.

Cross-layer sources

• Subcommittee on Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, et al. ADHD: clinical practice guideline for the diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents. Pediatrics. 2011. PMID 22003063 — tags: [adhd, guidelines, superseded] — cited by: literature/guidelines/REGISTRY.md
• Gibbins C, et al. Clinical recommendations in current practice guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of ADHD in adults. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2007. PMID 17915083 — tags: [adhd, guidelines, adults] — cited by: literature/guidelines/REGISTRY.md
• Pérez-Lescure Picarzo J, et al. [Recommendations of the Spanish Society of Paediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease as regards the use of drugs in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents with a known heart disease, as well as in the general paediatric population: Position statement by the Spanish Paediatric Association]. An Pediatr. 2020. PMID 31676246 — tags: [adhd, guidelines, cardiovascular] — cited by: literature/guidelines/REGISTRY.md
• Morgan PL, et al. Racial and ethnic disparities in ADHD diagnosis from kindergarten to eighth grade. Pediatrics. 2013. PMID 23796743 — tags: [adhd, access, disparities] — cited by: literature/patient-voice/themes.md, literature/patient-voice/sources.md
• Schrevel SJ, et al. 'Do I need to become someone else?' A qualitative exploratory study into the experiences and needs of adults with ADHD. Health Expect. 2016. PMID 25559559 — tags: [adhd, patient-voice, adults] — cited by: literature/patient-voice/themes.md, literature/patient-voice/sources.md
• Anderson JK, et al. Annual Research Review: A systematic review of mental health services for emerging adults—moulding a precipice into a smooth passage. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2022. PMID 34939668 — tags: [adhd, services, transition] — cited by: literature/patient-voice/themes.md, literature/patient-voice/sources.md

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder — overview

• Wolraich et al. Clinical Practice Guideline for the Diagnosis, Evaluation, and Treatment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Children and Adolescents. Pediatrics. 2019;144. PMID 31570648 — tags: [adhd, overview] — cited by: childhood-and-adolescent-adhd.md, diagnosis-and-assessment.md, guidelines.md, overview.md
• Peterson et al. Tools for the Diagnosis of ADHD in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review. Pediatrics. 2024;153. PMID 38523599 — tags: [adhd, overview] — cited by: biomarkers.md, cognitive-and-functional-phenotypes.md, diagnosis-and-assessment.md, overview.md
• Popit et al. Prevalence of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): systematic review and meta-analysis. European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists. 2024;67:e68. PMID 39381949 — tags: [adhd, overview] — cited by: epidemiology-and-lifespan-course.md, overview.md
• Demontis et al. Discovery of the first genome-wide significant risk loci for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Nature genetics. 2019;51:63-75. PMID 30478444 — tags: [adhd, overview] — cited by: biomarkers.md, genetics-and-neurobiology.md, history-nosology-and-presentations.md, overview.md
• Kim et al. Environmental risk factors, protective factors, and peripheral biomarkers for ADHD: an umbrella review. The lancet. Psychiatry. 2020;7:955-970. PMID 33069318 — tags: [adhd, overview] — cited by: biomarkers.md, genetics-and-neurobiology.md, overview.md
• Cortese et al. Comparative efficacy and tolerability of medications for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in children, adolescents, and adults: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. The lancet. Psychiatry. 2018;5:727-738. PMID 30097390 — tags: [adhd, overview] — cited by: clinical-trials-landscape.md, guidelines.md, long-term-outcomes-and-quality-of-life.md, overview.md, pharmacologic-treatment.md
• Swanson et al. Evidence, interpretation, and qualification from multiple reports of long-term outcomes in the Multimodal Treatment study of Children With ADHD (MTA): part I: executive summary. Journal of attention disorders. 2008;12:4-14. PMID 18573923 — tags: [adhd, overview] — cited by: childhood-and-adolescent-adhd.md, long-term-outcomes-and-quality-of-life.md, overview.md, pharmacologic-treatment.md
• Leffa et al. ADHD in Children and Adults: Diagnosis and Prognosis. Current topics in behavioral neurosciences. 2022;57:1-18. PMID 35397064 — tags: [adhd, overview] — cited by: history-nosology-and-presentations.md, overview.md
• Song et al. The prevalence of adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: A global systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of global health. 2021;11:04009. PMID 33692893 — tags: [adhd, overview] — cited by: adult-adhd.md, diagnosis-and-assessment.md, epidemiology-and-lifespan-course.md, overview.md
• Faraone et al. The age-dependent decline of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a meta-analysis of follow-up studies. Psychological medicine. 2006;36:159-65. PMID 16420712 — tags: [adhd, overview] — cited by: epidemiology-and-lifespan-course.md, overview.md
• Faraone et al. Genetics of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Molecular psychiatry. 2019;24:562-575. PMID 29892054 — tags: [adhd, overview] — cited by: clinical-trials-landscape.md, genetics-and-neurobiology.md, overview.md
• MTA Cooperative Group. A 14-month randomized clinical trial of treatment strategies for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. The MTA Cooperative Group. Multimodal Treatment Study of Children with ADHD. Archives of general psychiatry. 1999;56:1073-86. PMID 10591283 — tags: [adhd, overview] — cited by: childhood-and-adolescent-adhd.md, overview.md, psychosocial-and-digital-treatment.md
• Li et al. ADHD Pharmacotherapy and Mortality in Individuals With ADHD. JAMA. 2024;331:850-860. PMID 38470385 — tags: [adhd, overview] — cited by: guidelines.md, long-term-outcomes-and-quality-of-life.md, overview.md
• Ostinelli et al. Comparative efficacy and acceptability of pharmacological, psychological, and neurostimulatory interventions for ADHD in adults: a systematic review and component network meta-analysis. The lancet. Psychiatry. 2025;12:32-43. PMID 39701638 — tags: [adhd, overview] — cited by: adult-adhd.md, guidelines.md, long-term-outcomes-and-quality-of-life.md, overview.md, pharmacologic-treatment.md, psychosocial-and-digital-treatment.md
• Crunelle et al. International Consensus Statement on Screening, Diagnosis and Treatment of Substance Use Disorder Patients with Comorbid Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. European addiction research. 2018;24:43-51. PMID 29510390 — tags: [adhd, overview] — cited by: comorbidity-and-differential-diagnosis.md, overview.md
• Faraone et al. The World Federation of ADHD International Consensus Statement: 208 Evidence-based conclusions about the disorder. Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews. 2021;128:789-818. PMID 33549739 — tags: [adhd, overview] — cited by: adult-adhd.md, epidemiology-and-lifespan-course.md, long-term-outcomes-and-quality-of-life.md, overview.md
• Barkley. International consensus statement on ADHD. January 2002. Clinical child and family psychology review. 2002;5:89-111. PMID 12093014 — tags: [adhd, overview] — cited by: overview.md
• Kutcher et al. International consensus statement on attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and disruptive behaviour disorders (DBDs): clinical implications and treatment practice suggestions. European neuropsychopharmacology : the journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology. 2004;14:11-28. PMID 14659983 — tags: [adhd, overview] — cited by: overview.md
• Auvin et al. Systematic review of the screening, diagnosis, and management of ADHD in children with epilepsy. Consensus paper of the Task Force on Comorbidities of the ILAE Pediatric Commission. Epilepsia. 2018;59:1867-1880. PMID 30178479 — tags: [adhd, overview] — cited by: comorbidity-and-differential-diagnosis.md, girls-women-and-hormonal-context.md, overview.md
• Barkley. International Consensus Statement on ADHD. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 2002;41:1389. PMID 12447019 — tags: [adhd, overview] — cited by: overview.md
• Spijkerman et al. [Adolescents with concurrent ADHD and substance use disorder; international consensus]. Tijdschrift voor psychiatrie. 2021;63:868-874. PMID 34978058 — tags: [adhd, overview] — cited by: overview.md
• Özgen et al. International Consensus Statement for the Screening, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Adolescents with Concurrent Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Substance Use Disorder. European addiction research. 2020;26:223-232. PMID 32634814 — tags: [adhd, overview] — cited by: overview.md
• Özgen et al. [International Consensus Statement for the Screening, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Adolescents with Concurrent Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Substance Use Disorder]. Zeitschrift fur Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie. 2021;50:54-67. PMID 34397296 — tags: [adhd, overview] — cited by: overview.md
• Price et al. Consensus Statement on Digital Health and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder by the European Network for ADHD (EUNETHYDIS): Modified Delphi Study. Journal of medical Internet research. 2026;28:e85638. PMID 42462051 — tags: [adhd, overview] — cited by: overview.md
• Kieling et al. ADHD in children and adults: diagnosis and prognosis. Current topics in behavioral neurosciences. 2012;9:1-16. PMID 21499858 — tags: [adhd, overview] — cited by: overview.md
• Spencer et al. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: diagnosis, lifespan, comorbidities, and neurobiology. Journal of pediatric psychology. 2007;32:631-42. PMID 17556405 — tags: [adhd, overview] — cited by: overview.md
• Schmidt et al. Developmental psychopathology: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). BMC psychiatry. 2009;9:58. PMID 19761584 — tags: [adhd, overview] — cited by: overview.md
• Salari et al. The global prevalence of ADHD in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Italian journal of pediatrics. 2023;49:48. PMID 37081447 — tags: [adhd, overview] — cited by: diagnosis-and-assessment.md, overview.md
• Polanczyk et al. ADHD prevalence estimates across three decades: an updated systematic review and meta-regression analysis. International journal of epidemiology. 2014;43:434-42. PMID 24464188 — tags: [adhd, overview] — cited by: overview.md
• Polanczyk et al. The worldwide prevalence of ADHD: a systematic review and metaregression analysis. The American journal of psychiatry. 2007;164:942-8. PMID 17541055 — tags: [adhd, overview] — cited by: overview.md
• Njardvik et al. Psychiatric comorbidity in children and adolescents with ADHD: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clinical psychology review. 2025;118:102571. PMID 40245462 — tags: [adhd, overview] — cited by: comorbidity-and-differential-diagnosis.md, diagnosis-and-assessment.md, overview.md
• Ayano et al. The global prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents: An umbrella review of meta-analyses. Journal of affective disorders. 2023;339:860-866. PMID 37495084 — tags: [adhd, overview] — cited by: overview.md

History, nosology and presentations

• Wagner et al. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder dimensionality: the reliable 'g' and the elusive 's' dimensions. European child & adolescent psychiatry. 2016;25:83-90. PMID 25877403 — tags: [adhd, history-nosology-and-presentations] — cited by: history-nosology-and-presentations.md
• Overgaard et al. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder from preschool to school age: change and stability of parent and teacher reports. European child & adolescent psychiatry. 2023;32:1947-1955. PMID 35737107 — tags: [adhd, history-nosology-and-presentations] — cited by: history-nosology-and-presentations.md
• Vu et al. Sluggish cognitive tempo: longitudinal stability and validity. Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorders. 2019;11:463-471. PMID 30788768 — tags: [adhd, history-nosology-and-presentations] — cited by: history-nosology-and-presentations.md
• Nikolas et al. Genetic and environmental influences on ADHD symptom dimensions of inattention and hyperactivity: a meta-analysis. Journal of abnormal psychology. 2010;119:1-17. PMID 20141238 — tags: [adhd, history-nosology-and-presentations] — cited by: genetics-and-neurobiology.md, history-nosology-and-presentations.md
• Bunte et al. Stability and change of ODD, CD and ADHD diagnosis in referred preschool children. Journal of abnormal child psychology. 2014;42:1213-24. PMID 24781411 — tags: [adhd, history-nosology-and-presentations] — cited by: history-nosology-and-presentations.md
• Weibel et al. Practical considerations for the evaluation and management of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in adults. L'Encephale. 2020;46:30-40. PMID 31610922 — tags: [adhd, history-nosology-and-presentations] — cited by: history-nosology-and-presentations.md
• Semeijn et al. Lifetime stability of ADHD symptoms in older adults. Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorders. 2016;8:13-20. PMID 26068984 — tags: [adhd, history-nosology-and-presentations] — cited by: adult-adhd.md, history-nosology-and-presentations.md
• Stawicki et al. Family psychiatric history evidence on the nosological relations of DSM-IV ADHD combined and inattentive subtypes: new data and meta-analysis. Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines. 2006;47:935-45. PMID 16930388 — tags: [adhd, history-nosology-and-presentations] — cited by: history-nosology-and-presentations.md
• Radonjić et al. Nonstimulant Medications for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in Adults: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. CNS drugs. 2023;37:381-397. PMID 37166701 — tags: [adhd, history-nosology-and-presentations] — cited by: adult-adhd.md, diagnosis-and-assessment.md, history-nosology-and-presentations.md, pharmacologic-treatment.md
• Kiraz et al. Adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and early maladaptive schemas. Clinical psychology & psychotherapy. 2021;28:1055-1064. PMID 33586830 — tags: [adhd, history-nosology-and-presentations] — cited by: history-nosology-and-presentations.md
• Huynh et al. Increasing Prevalence of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Patients With Borderline Personality Disorder. Journal of personality disorders. 2024;38:493-502. PMID 39432266 — tags: [adhd, history-nosology-and-presentations] — cited by: history-nosology-and-presentations.md
• Hayashi et al. ASD symptoms in adults with ADHD: a preliminary study using the ADOS-2. European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience. 2022;272:217-232. PMID 33751200 — tags: [adhd, history-nosology-and-presentations] — cited by: history-nosology-and-presentations.md
• Biederman et al. Further Evidence of Morbidity and Dysfunction Associated With Subsyndromal ADHD in Clinically Referred Children. The Journal of clinical psychiatry. 2018;79. PMID 30086214 — tags: [adhd, history-nosology-and-presentations] — cited by: history-nosology-and-presentations.md
• Ophir et al. Four decades of ADHD: a systematic AI-assisted analysis of conceptual shifts across six DSM editions. Frontiers in psychiatry. 2026;17:1792051. PMID 41877875 — tags: [adhd, history-nosology-and-presentations] — cited by: history-nosology-and-presentations.md
• Rahimi. Energy deficit hyperactivity disorder (EDHD): A neurobiological energy dysregulation model for ADHD. Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews. 2026;184:106616. PMID 41765196 — tags: [adhd, history-nosology-and-presentations] — cited by: history-nosology-and-presentations.md
• Karalunas et al. Subtyping attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder using temperament dimensions: toward biologically based nosologic criteria. JAMA psychiatry. 2014;71:1015-24. PMID 25006969 — tags: [adhd, history-nosology-and-presentations] — cited by: history-nosology-and-presentations.md
• Frick et al. Pervasive versus situational childhood ADHD: latent classes and their clinical characteristics, based on parent and teacher ratings in a large longitudinal population sample. European child & adolescent psychiatry. 2024;33:2253-2266. PMID 37845375 — tags: [adhd, history-nosology-and-presentations] — cited by: history-nosology-and-presentations.md
• Duffy. The nature of the association between childhood ADHD and the development of bipolar disorder: a review of prospective high-risk studies. The American journal of psychiatry. 2012;169:1247-55. PMID 23212056 — tags: [adhd, history-nosology-and-presentations] — cited by: history-nosology-and-presentations.md
• Fischer et al. The stability of dimensions of behavior in ADHD and normal children over an 8-year followup. Journal of abnormal child psychology. 1993;21:315-37. PMID 8335766 — tags: [adhd, history-nosology-and-presentations] — cited by: history-nosology-and-presentations.md
• Custodio et al. Thrsp Gene and the ADHD Predominantly Inattentive Presentation. ACS chemical neuroscience. 2023;14:573-589. PMID 36716294 — tags: [adhd, history-nosology-and-presentations] — cited by: history-nosology-and-presentations.md
• Wang et al. Symptom-specific gut microbial and metabolic profiles in ADHD reveal SCFA deficiency as a Key pathogenic mechanism. Gut microbes. 2025;17:2537755. PMID 40719366 — tags: [adhd, history-nosology-and-presentations] — cited by: history-nosology-and-presentations.md
• Ni et al. Validity of screening tools and risk factors for Co-occurring ADHD in children with epilepsy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Epilepsy & behavior : E&B. 2026;178:110965. PMID 41740565 — tags: [adhd, history-nosology-and-presentations] — cited by: history-nosology-and-presentations.md
• Strålin et al. Cognitive behavioral therapy for ADHD predominantly inattentive presentation: randomized controlled trial of two psychological treatments. Frontiers in psychiatry. 2025;16:1564506. PMID 40276075 — tags: [adhd, history-nosology-and-presentations] — cited by: history-nosology-and-presentations.md
• Burns et al. Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome is Clinically Distinct from ADHD Presentations within Childhood and Adolescence. Journal of attention disorders. 2025;29:963-976. PMID 40575940 — tags: [adhd, history-nosology-and-presentations] — cited by: history-nosology-and-presentations.md
• Reimherr et al. Types of Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Replication Analysis. The Journal of clinical psychiatry. 2020;81. PMID 32220152 — tags: [adhd, history-nosology-and-presentations] — cited by: history-nosology-and-presentations.md
• Gomez et al. Incremental Validity of ADHD Dimensions in the Predictions of Emotional Symptoms, Conduct Problems, and Peer Problems in Adolescents Based on Parent, Teacher, and Self-Ratings. Pediatric reports. 2024;16:1115-1133. PMID 39728736 — tags: [adhd, history-nosology-and-presentations] — cited by: history-nosology-and-presentations.md
• Rogers et al. Improving accuracy of ADHD subtype diagnoses with the ADHD symptom rating scale. Child neuropsychology : a journal on normal and abnormal development in childhood and adolescence. 2022;28:962-978. PMID 35287549 — tags: [adhd, history-nosology-and-presentations] — cited by: diagnosis-and-assessment.md, history-nosology-and-presentations.md
• Kofler et al. Executive Functioning Heterogeneity in Pediatric ADHD. Journal of abnormal child psychology. 2019;47:273-286. PMID 29705926 — tags: [adhd, history-nosology-and-presentations] — cited by: cognitive-and-functional-phenotypes.md, history-nosology-and-presentations.md
• Olagunju et al. Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Adults. American family physician. 2024;110:157-166. PMID 39172673 — tags: [adhd, history-nosology-and-presentations] — cited by: history-nosology-and-presentations.md
• Adler et al. Management of ADHD in adults. The Journal of clinical psychiatry. 2002;63 Suppl 12:29-35. PMID 12562059 — tags: [adhd, history-nosology-and-presentations] — cited by: history-nosology-and-presentations.md

Diagnosis and assessment

• Chang et al. Diagnostic Accuracy of Rating Scales for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Meta-analysis. Pediatrics. 2016;137:e20152749. PMID 26928969 — tags: [adhd, diagnosis-and-assessment] — cited by: diagnosis-and-assessment.md
• Kessler et al. The World Health Organization Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS): a short screening scale for use in the general population. Psychological medicine. 2005;35:245-56. PMID 15841682 — tags: [adhd, diagnosis-and-assessment] — cited by: adult-adhd.md, diagnosis-and-assessment.md
• Ustun et al. The World Health Organization Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Self-Report Screening Scale for DSM-5. JAMA psychiatry. 2017;74:520-527. PMID 28384801 — tags: [adhd, diagnosis-and-assessment] — cited by: diagnosis-and-assessment.md
• Brevik et al. Validity and accuracy of the Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Self-Report Scale (ASRS) and the Wender Utah Rating Scale (WURS) symptom checklists in discriminating between adults with and without ADHD. Brain and behavior. 2020;10:e01605. PMID 32285644 — tags: [adhd, diagnosis-and-assessment] — cited by: diagnosis-and-assessment.md
• Won et al. Application of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Diagnostic Tools: Strengths and Weaknesses of the Korean ADHD Rating Scale and Continuous Performance Test. Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment. 2020;16:2397-2406. PMID 33116539 — tags: [adhd, diagnosis-and-assessment] — cited by: diagnosis-and-assessment.md
• Tahıllıoğlu et al. Who predict ADHD with better diagnostic accuracy?: Parents or teachers? Nordic journal of psychiatry. 2021;75:214-223. PMID 33612071 — tags: [adhd, diagnosis-and-assessment] — cited by: diagnosis-and-assessment.md
• Peterson et al. Treatments for ADHD in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review. Pediatrics. 2024;153. PMID 38523592 — tags: [adhd, diagnosis-and-assessment] — cited by: diagnosis-and-assessment.md
• Martin et al. The changing prevalence of ADHD? A systematic review. Journal of affective disorders. 2025;388:119427. PMID 40393551 — tags: [adhd, diagnosis-and-assessment] — cited by: diagnosis-and-assessment.md, epidemiology-and-lifespan-course.md
• Pagespetit et al. ADHD and Academic Performance in College Students: A Systematic Review. Journal of attention disorders. 2025;29:281-297. PMID 39668738 — tags: [adhd, diagnosis-and-assessment] — cited by: diagnosis-and-assessment.md
• Predescu et al. Metabolomic Markers in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) among Children and Adolescents-A Systematic Review. International journal of molecular sciences. 2024;25. PMID 38673970 — tags: [adhd, diagnosis-and-assessment] — cited by: biomarkers.md, diagnosis-and-assessment.md
• Pringsheim et al. The pharmacological management of oppositional behaviour, conduct problems, and aggression in children and adolescents with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, and conduct disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Part 1: psychostimulants, alpha-2 agonists, and atomoxetine. Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie. 2015;60:42-51. PMID 25886655 — tags: [adhd, diagnosis-and-assessment] — cited by: diagnosis-and-assessment.md, pharmacologic-treatment.md
• Bellato et al. Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis: Effects of Pharmacological Treatment for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder on Quality of Life. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 2025;64:346-361. PMID 38823477 — tags: [adhd, diagnosis-and-assessment] — cited by: adult-adhd.md, diagnosis-and-assessment.md, long-term-outcomes-and-quality-of-life.md, pharmacologic-treatment.md, psychosocial-and-digital-treatment.md
• Sonuga-Barke et al. Nonpharmacological interventions for ADHD: systematic review and meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials of dietary and psychological treatments. The American journal of psychiatry. 2013;170:275-89. PMID 23360949 — tags: [adhd, diagnosis-and-assessment] — cited by: diagnosis-and-assessment.md, psychosocial-and-digital-treatment.md
• Faraone et al. Practitioner Review: Emotional dysregulation in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder - implications for clinical recognition and intervention. Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines. 2019;60:133-150. PMID 29624671 — tags: [adhd, diagnosis-and-assessment] — cited by: cognitive-and-functional-phenotypes.md, diagnosis-and-assessment.md
• Harrison et al. Diagnostic Accuracy of the Conners' Adult ADHD Rating Scale in a Postsecondary Population. Journal of attention disorders. 2019;23:1829-1837. PMID 26794674 — tags: [adhd, diagnosis-and-assessment] — cited by: diagnosis-and-assessment.md
• Sebalo Vňuková et al. Psychometric Properties of the Czech Version of the Vanderbilt ADHD Diagnostic Parent Rating Scale. Journal of attention disorders. 2023;27:1075-1080. PMID 37057307 — tags: [adhd, diagnosis-and-assessment] — cited by: diagnosis-and-assessment.md
• May et al. The Australian evidence-based clinical practice guideline for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. The Australian and New Zealand journal of psychiatry. 2023;57:1101-1116. PMID 37254562 — tags: [adhd, diagnosis-and-assessment] — cited by: diagnosis-and-assessment.md, guidelines.md
• Posner et al. Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Lancet (London, England). 2020;395:450-462. PMID 31982036 — tags: [adhd, diagnosis-and-assessment] — cited by: comorbidity-and-differential-diagnosis.md, diagnosis-and-assessment.md, genetics-and-neurobiology.md
• Barbaresi et al. Society for Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics Clinical Practice Guideline for the Assessment and Treatment of Children and Adolescents with Complex Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. Journal of developmental and behavioral pediatrics : JDBP. 2020;41 Suppl 2S:S35-S57. PMID 31996577 — tags: [adhd, diagnosis-and-assessment] — cited by: diagnosis-and-assessment.md, guidelines.md
• Scoten et al. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in pregnancy and the postpartum period. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology. 2024;231:19-35. PMID 38432409 — tags: [adhd, diagnosis-and-assessment] — cited by: diagnosis-and-assessment.md, girls-women-and-hormonal-context.md
• Pliszka et al. Practice parameter for the assessment and treatment of children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 2007;46:894-921. PMID 17581453 — tags: [adhd, diagnosis-and-assessment] — cited by: diagnosis-and-assessment.md
• Hjerrild et al. [Assessment of ADHD in adults]. Ugeskrift for laeger. 2025;187. PMID 40365804 — tags: [adhd, diagnosis-and-assessment] — cited by: comorbidity-and-differential-diagnosis.md, diagnosis-and-assessment.md
• Young et al. Females with ADHD: An expert consensus statement taking a lifespan approach providing guidance for the identification and treatment of attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder in girls and women. BMC psychiatry. 2020;20:404. PMID 32787804 — tags: [adhd, diagnosis-and-assessment] — cited by: childhood-and-adolescent-adhd.md, diagnosis-and-assessment.md, girls-women-and-hormonal-context.md
• Rovaris et al. A multi-cohort assessment of the polygenic prediction in ADHD treatment response. Psychiatry research. 2026;358:116988. PMID 41655471 — tags: [adhd, diagnosis-and-assessment] — cited by: diagnosis-and-assessment.md
• Izzo et al. Assessing ADHD Through the Multi-Informant Approach: The Contribution of the Conners' 3 Scales. Journal of attention disorders. 2019;23:641-650. PMID 30520665 — tags: [adhd, diagnosis-and-assessment] — cited by: diagnosis-and-assessment.md

Epidemiology and lifespan course

• Willcutt. The prevalence of DSM-IV attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a meta-analytic review. Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics. 2012;9:490-9. PMID 22976615 — tags: [adhd, epidemiology-and-lifespan-course] — cited by: epidemiology-and-lifespan-course.md
• Kessler et al. The prevalence and correlates of adult ADHD in the United States: results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. The American journal of psychiatry. 2006;163:716-23. PMID 16585449 — tags: [adhd, epidemiology-and-lifespan-course] — cited by: epidemiology-and-lifespan-course.md
• Moffitt et al. Is Adult ADHD a Childhood-Onset Neurodevelopmental Disorder? Evidence From a Four-Decade Longitudinal Cohort Study. The American journal of psychiatry. 2015;172:967-77. PMID 25998281 — tags: [adhd, epidemiology-and-lifespan-course] — cited by: adult-adhd.md, epidemiology-and-lifespan-course.md, genetics-and-neurobiology.md
• Cortese et al. Association Between ADHD and Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. The American journal of psychiatry. 2016;173:34-43. PMID 26315982 — tags: [adhd, epidemiology-and-lifespan-course] — cited by: adult-adhd.md, epidemiology-and-lifespan-course.md
• Schiweck et al. Comorbidity of ADHD and adult bipolar disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews. 2021;124:100-123. PMID 33515607 — tags: [adhd, epidemiology-and-lifespan-course] — cited by: comorbidity-and-differential-diagnosis.md, epidemiology-and-lifespan-course.md
• Hartman et al. Anxiety, mood, and substance use disorders in adult men and women with and without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A substantive and methodological overview. Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews. 2023;151:105209. PMID 37149075 — tags: [adhd, epidemiology-and-lifespan-course] — cited by: epidemiology-and-lifespan-course.md
• Ayano et al. Prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in adults: Umbrella review of evidence generated across the globe. Psychiatry research. 2023;328:115449. PMID 37708807 — tags: [adhd, epidemiology-and-lifespan-course] — cited by: epidemiology-and-lifespan-course.md
• Li et al. Global prevalence of obesity, overweight and underweight in children, adolescents and adults with autism spectrum disorder, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity. 2020;21:e13123. PMID 32783349 — tags: [adhd, epidemiology-and-lifespan-course] — cited by: epidemiology-and-lifespan-course.md
• Alhraiwil et al. Systematic review of the epidemiology of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in Arab countries. Neurosciences (Riyadh, Saudi Arabia). 2015;20:137-44. PMID 25864066 — tags: [adhd, epidemiology-and-lifespan-course] — cited by: epidemiology-and-lifespan-course.md
• Chatti et al. Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and oral health in children and adolescents: a systematic review. European archives of paediatric dentistry : official journal of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry. 2026;27:319-348. PMID 40846831 — tags: [adhd, epidemiology-and-lifespan-course] — cited by: epidemiology-and-lifespan-course.md
• Bernardina Dalla et al. Environmental pollution and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: A meta-analysis of cohort studies. Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987). 2022;315:120351. PMID 36216185 — tags: [adhd, epidemiology-and-lifespan-course] — cited by: epidemiology-and-lifespan-course.md
• Craig et al. A systematic review of comorbidity between cerebral palsy, autism spectrum disorders and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. European journal of paediatric neurology : EJPN : official journal of the European Paediatric Neurology Society. 2019;23:31-42. PMID 30446273 — tags: [adhd, epidemiology-and-lifespan-course] — cited by: epidemiology-and-lifespan-course.md
• Simon et al. [Detailed review of epidemiologic studies on adult Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)]. Psychiatria Hungarica : A Magyar Pszichiatriai Tarsasag tudomanyos folyoirata. 2007;22:4-19. PMID 17558040 — tags: [adhd, epidemiology-and-lifespan-course] — cited by: epidemiology-and-lifespan-course.md
• Man et al. Effectiveness of Pharmacological Treatment for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder on Physical Injuries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies. CNS drugs. 2017;31:1043-1055. PMID 29255995 — tags: [adhd, epidemiology-and-lifespan-course] — cited by: epidemiology-and-lifespan-course.md, long-term-outcomes-and-quality-of-life.md
• Sayal et al. ADHD in children and young people: prevalence, care pathways, and service provision. The lancet. Psychiatry. 2018;5:175-186. PMID 29033005 — tags: [adhd, epidemiology-and-lifespan-course] — cited by: adult-adhd.md, epidemiology-and-lifespan-course.md
• Rucklidge. Gender differences in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. The Psychiatric clinics of North America. 2010;33:357-73. PMID 20385342 — tags: [adhd, epidemiology-and-lifespan-course] — cited by: epidemiology-and-lifespan-course.md
• Hinshaw et al. Annual Research Review: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in girls and women: underrepresentation, longitudinal processes, and key directions. Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines. 2022;63:484-496. PMID 34231220 — tags: [adhd, epidemiology-and-lifespan-course] — cited by: epidemiology-and-lifespan-course.md, girls-women-and-hormonal-context.md, patient-experience-and-advocacy.md
• Zalsman et al. Adult ADHD: A new disease? International journal of psychiatry in clinical practice. 2016;20:70-6. PMID 27052374 — tags: [adhd, epidemiology-and-lifespan-course] — cited by: epidemiology-and-lifespan-course.md
• Bedford et al. Brain-Charting Autism and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Reveals Distinct and Overlapping Neurobiology. Biological psychiatry. 2025;97:517-530. PMID 39128574 — tags: [adhd, epidemiology-and-lifespan-course] — cited by: epidemiology-and-lifespan-course.md
• Nussbaum. ADHD and female specific concerns: a review of the literature and clinical implications. Journal of attention disorders. 2012;16:87-100. PMID 21976033 — tags: [adhd, epidemiology-and-lifespan-course] — cited by: epidemiology-and-lifespan-course.md
• Siegel et al. Prevalence and Diagnosis Rates of Childhood ADHD Among Racial-Ethnic Groups in a Public Mental Health System. Psychiatric services (Washington, D.C.). 2016;67:199-205. PMID 26423097 — tags: [adhd, epidemiology-and-lifespan-course] — cited by: epidemiology-and-lifespan-course.md
• Castellano-García et al. Sex Differences in Substance Use, Prevalence, Pharmacological Therapy, and Mental Health in Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Brain sciences. 2022;12. PMID 35624977 — tags: [adhd, epidemiology-and-lifespan-course] — cited by: epidemiology-and-lifespan-course.md
• Reale et al. ADHD prevalence estimates in Italian children and adolescents: a methodological issue. Italian journal of pediatrics. 2018;44:108. PMID 30185215 — tags: [adhd, epidemiology-and-lifespan-course] — cited by: epidemiology-and-lifespan-course.md
• Young et al. A meta-analysis of the prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in incarcerated populations. Psychological medicine. 2015;45:247-58. PMID 25066071 — tags: [adhd, epidemiology-and-lifespan-course] — cited by: epidemiology-and-lifespan-course.md
• Young et al. Co-morbid psychiatric disorders among incarcerated ADHD populations: a meta-analysis. Psychological medicine. 2015;45:2499-510. PMID 25857258 — tags: [adhd, epidemiology-and-lifespan-course] — cited by: epidemiology-and-lifespan-course.md
• Yang et al. Short-term and long-term effect of non-pharmacotherapy for adults with ADHD: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Frontiers in psychiatry. 2025;16:1516878. PMID 39958157 — tags: [adhd, epidemiology-and-lifespan-course] — cited by: adult-adhd.md, epidemiology-and-lifespan-course.md, psychosocial-and-digital-treatment.md
• Verbeeck et al. Bupropion for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews. 2017;10:CD009504. PMID 28965364 — tags: [adhd, epidemiology-and-lifespan-course] — cited by: epidemiology-and-lifespan-course.md

Genetics and neurobiology

• Tripp et al. Neurobiology of ADHD. Neuropharmacology. 2009;57:579-89. PMID 19627998 — tags: [adhd, genetics-and-neurobiology] — cited by: cognitive-and-functional-phenotypes.md, genetics-and-neurobiology.md
• Sharma et al. A review of the pathophysiology, etiology, and treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The Annals of pharmacotherapy. 2014;48:209-25. PMID 24259638 — tags: [adhd, genetics-and-neurobiology] — cited by: genetics-and-neurobiology.md, pharmacologic-treatment.md
• Franke et al. Genome-wide association studies in ADHD. Human genetics. 2009;126:13-50. PMID 19384554 — tags: [adhd, genetics-and-neurobiology] — cited by: genetics-and-neurobiology.md
• Mooney et al. Large epigenome-wide association study of childhood ADHD identifies peripheral DNA methylation associated with disease and polygenic risk burden. Translational psychiatry. 2020;10:8. PMID 32066674 — tags: [adhd, genetics-and-neurobiology] — cited by: genetics-and-neurobiology.md
• Poelmans et al. Integrated genome-wide association study findings: identification of a neurodevelopmental network for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. The American journal of psychiatry. 2011;168:365-77. PMID 21324949 — tags: [adhd, genetics-and-neurobiology] — cited by: genetics-and-neurobiology.md
• Neale et al. Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 2010;49:884-97. PMID 20732625 — tags: [adhd, genetics-and-neurobiology] — cited by: genetics-and-neurobiology.md
• Neale et al. Case-control genome-wide association study of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 2010;49:906-20. PMID 20732627 — tags: [adhd, genetics-and-neurobiology] — cited by: genetics-and-neurobiology.md
• Wohl et al. [Meta-analysis of candidate genes in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder]. L'Encephale. 2005;31:437-47. PMID 16389711 — tags: [adhd, genetics-and-neurobiology] — cited by: genetics-and-neurobiology.md
• Arias-Vásquez et al. A Potential Role for the STXBP5-AS1 Gene in Adult ADHD Symptoms. Behavior genetics. 2019;49:270-285. PMID 30659475 — tags: [adhd, genetics-and-neurobiology] — cited by: genetics-and-neurobiology.md
• Verhoef et al. Genome-Wide Analyses of Vocabulary Size in Infancy and Toddlerhood: Associations With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Literacy, and Cognition-Related Traits. Biological psychiatry. 2024;95:859-869. PMID 38070845 — tags: [adhd, genetics-and-neurobiology] — cited by: genetics-and-neurobiology.md
• Pereira-Sanchez et al. Neuroimaging in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Current opinion in psychiatry. 2021;34:105-111. PMID 33278156 — tags: [adhd, genetics-and-neurobiology] — cited by: genetics-and-neurobiology.md
• Hoogman et al. Brain Imaging of the Cortex in ADHD: A Coordinated Analysis of Large-Scale Clinical and Population-Based Samples. The American journal of psychiatry. 2019;176:531-542. PMID 31014101 — tags: [adhd, genetics-and-neurobiology] — cited by: genetics-and-neurobiology.md
• Hoogman et al. Subcortical brain volume differences in participants with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children and adults: a cross-sectional mega-analysis. The lancet. Psychiatry. 2017;4:310-319. PMID 28219628 — tags: [adhd, genetics-and-neurobiology] — cited by: genetics-and-neurobiology.md
• Samea et al. Brain alterations in children/adolescents with ADHD revisited: A neuroimaging meta-analysis of 96 structural and functional studies. Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews. 2019;100:1-8. PMID 30790635 — tags: [adhd, genetics-and-neurobiology] — cited by: genetics-and-neurobiology.md
• Chen et al. A multimodal neuroimaging meta-analysis of functional and structural brain abnormalities in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry. 2025;136:111199. PMID 39615871 — tags: [adhd, genetics-and-neurobiology] — cited by: genetics-and-neurobiology.md
• Sophie Townend et al. Shared and Distinct Alterations in Brain Structure of Youth With Internalizing or Externalizing Disorders: Findings From the ENIGMA Antisocial Behavior, ADHD, Major Depressive Disorder, and Anxiety Working Groups. Biological psychiatry. 2026;100:399-413. PMID 40812743 — tags: [adhd, genetics-and-neurobiology] — cited by: genetics-and-neurobiology.md
• Yu et al. Meta-analysis of structural and functional alterations of brain in patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Frontiers in psychiatry. 2022;13:1070142. PMID 36683981 — tags: [adhd, genetics-and-neurobiology] — cited by: genetics-and-neurobiology.md
• Ellison-Wright et al. Structural brain change in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder identified by meta-analysis. BMC psychiatry. 2008;8:51. PMID 18590567 — tags: [adhd, genetics-and-neurobiology] — cited by: genetics-and-neurobiology.md
• Gao et al. Structural and Functional Brain Abnormalities in Internet Gaming Disorder and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Comparative Meta-Analysis. Frontiers in psychiatry. 2021;12:679437. PMID 34276447 — tags: [adhd, genetics-and-neurobiology] — cited by: genetics-and-neurobiology.md
• Wang et al. Neural correlates of executive function and attention in children with ADHD: An ALE meta-analysis of task-based functional connectivity studies. Psychiatry research. 2025;345:116338. PMID 39947841 — tags: [adhd, genetics-and-neurobiology] — cited by: genetics-and-neurobiology.md
• Kim et al. Functional connectivity in ADHD children doing Go/No-Go tasks: An fMRI systematic review and meta-analysis. Translational neuroscience. 2023;14:20220299. PMID 38410259 — tags: [adhd, genetics-and-neurobiology] — cited by: genetics-and-neurobiology.md
• Gao et al. Impairments of large-scale functional networks in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a meta-analysis of resting-state functional connectivity. Psychological medicine. 2019;49:2475-2485. PMID 31500674 — tags: [adhd, genetics-and-neurobiology] — cited by: genetics-and-neurobiology.md
• Liu et al. Different functional alteration in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder across developmental age groups: A meta-analysis and an independent validation of resting-state functional connectivity studies. CNS neuroscience & therapeutics. 2023;29:60-69. PMID 36468409 — tags: [adhd, genetics-and-neurobiology] — cited by: genetics-and-neurobiology.md
• Yang et al. Potential locations for non-invasive brain stimulation in treating ADHD: Results from a cross-dataset validation of functional connectivity analysis. Translational psychiatry. 2025;15:81. PMID 40089469 — tags: [adhd, genetics-and-neurobiology] — cited by: genetics-and-neurobiology.md
• Cortese et al. Functional Decoding and Meta-analytic Connectivity Modeling in Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. Biological psychiatry. 2016;80:896-904. PMID 27569542 — tags: [adhd, genetics-and-neurobiology] — cited by: genetics-and-neurobiology.md
• Sutcubasi et al. Resting-state network dysconnectivity in ADHD: A system-neuroscience-based meta-analysis. The world journal of biological psychiatry : the official journal of the World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry. 2020;21:662-672. PMID 32468880 — tags: [adhd, genetics-and-neurobiology] — cited by: genetics-and-neurobiology.md

Cognitive and functional phenotypes

• Townes et al. Do ASD and ADHD Have Distinct Executive Function Deficits? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Direct Comparison Studies. Journal of attention disorders. 2023;27:1571-1582. PMID 37565325 — tags: [adhd, cognitive-and-functional-phenotypes] — cited by: cognitive-and-functional-phenotypes.md, comorbidity-and-differential-diagnosis.md
• Claussen et al. All in the Family? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Parenting and Family Environment as Risk Factors for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in Children. Prevention science : the official journal of the Society for Prevention Research. 2024;25:249-271. PMID 35438451 — tags: [adhd, cognitive-and-functional-phenotypes] — cited by: childhood-and-adolescent-adhd.md, cognitive-and-functional-phenotypes.md, long-term-outcomes-and-quality-of-life.md
• Willcutt et al. Validity of the executive function theory of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a meta-analytic review. Biological psychiatry. 2005;57:1336-46. PMID 15950006 — tags: [adhd, cognitive-and-functional-phenotypes] — cited by: cognitive-and-functional-phenotypes.md
• Zhu et al. Comparative effectiveness of various physical exercise interventions on executive functions and related symptoms in children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. Frontiers in public health. 2023;11:1133727. PMID 37033046 — tags: [adhd, cognitive-and-functional-phenotypes] — cited by: childhood-and-adolescent-adhd.md, cognitive-and-functional-phenotypes.md, psychosocial-and-digital-treatment.md
• Qiu et al. Efficacy of non-pharmacological interventions on executive functions in children and adolescents with ADHD: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Asian journal of psychiatry. 2023;87:103692. PMID 37450981 — tags: [adhd, cognitive-and-functional-phenotypes] — cited by: cognitive-and-functional-phenotypes.md
• Isfandnia et al. The effects of chronic administration of stimulant and non-stimulant medications on executive functions in ADHD: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews. 2024;162:105703. PMID 38718988 — tags: [adhd, cognitive-and-functional-phenotypes] — cited by: cognitive-and-functional-phenotypes.md, pharmacologic-treatment.md
• Sun et al. Effects of physical exercise on attention deficit and other major symptoms in children with ADHD: A meta-analysis. Psychiatry research. 2022;311:114509. PMID 35305344 — tags: [adhd, cognitive-and-functional-phenotypes] — cited by: cognitive-and-functional-phenotypes.md
• Cortese et al. Toward systems neuroscience of ADHD: a meta-analysis of 55 fMRI studies. The American journal of psychiatry. 2012;169:1038-55. PMID 22983386 — tags: [adhd, cognitive-and-functional-phenotypes] — cited by: cognitive-and-functional-phenotypes.md
• Demontis et al. Genome-wide analyses of ADHD identify 27 risk loci, refine the genetic architecture and implicate several cognitive domains. Nature genetics. 2023;55:198-208. PMID 36702997 — tags: [adhd, cognitive-and-functional-phenotypes] — cited by: cognitive-and-functional-phenotypes.md
• Li et al. Effect of physical activity interventions on executive functions in school-age children with ADHD: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Journal of affective disorders. 2025;378:175-190. PMID 40010649 — tags: [adhd, cognitive-and-functional-phenotypes] — cited by: cognitive-and-functional-phenotypes.md
• Lambez et al. Non-pharmacological interventions for cognitive difficulties in ADHD: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of psychiatric research. 2020;120:40-55. PMID 31629998 — tags: [adhd, cognitive-and-functional-phenotypes] — cited by: cognitive-and-functional-phenotypes.md
• Kofler et al. Reaction time variability in ADHD: a meta-analytic review of 319 studies. Clinical psychology review. 2013;33:795-811. PMID 23872284 — tags: [adhd, cognitive-and-functional-phenotypes] — cited by: cognitive-and-functional-phenotypes.md
• Karalunas et al. Annual research review: Reaction time variability in ADHD and autism spectrum disorders: measurement and mechanisms of a proposed trans-diagnostic phenotype. Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines. 2014;55:685-710. PMID 24628425 — tags: [adhd, cognitive-and-functional-phenotypes] — cited by: cognitive-and-functional-phenotypes.md
• Chamorro et al. The Eyes Have It: A Meta-analysis of Oculomotor Inhibition in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging. 2022;7:1090-1102. PMID 34052459 — tags: [adhd, cognitive-and-functional-phenotypes] — cited by: cognitive-and-functional-phenotypes.md
• Bella-Fernández et al. Differences in Ex-Gaussian Parameters from Response Time Distributions Between Individuals with and Without Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Meta-analysis. Neuropsychology review. 2024;34:320-337. PMID 36877328 — tags: [adhd, cognitive-and-functional-phenotypes] — cited by: cognitive-and-functional-phenotypes.md
• Mayer et al. Cognitive mechanisms underlying depressive disorders in ADHD: A systematic review. Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews. 2021;121:307-345. PMID 33359622 — tags: [adhd, cognitive-and-functional-phenotypes] — cited by: cognitive-and-functional-phenotypes.md
• Parsons et al. A Comparison of Virtual Reality Classroom Continuous Performance Tests to Traditional Continuous Performance Tests in Delineating ADHD: a Meta-Analysis. Neuropsychology review. 2019;29:338-356. PMID 31161465 — tags: [adhd, cognitive-and-functional-phenotypes] — cited by: cognitive-and-functional-phenotypes.md
• Pievsky et al. The Neurocognitive Profile of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Review of Meta-Analyses. Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists. 2018;33:143-157. PMID 29106438 — tags: [adhd, cognitive-and-functional-phenotypes] — cited by: cognitive-and-functional-phenotypes.md
• Pievsky et al. Neurocognitive effects of methylphenidate in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A meta-analysis. Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews. 2018;90:447-455. PMID 29751051 — tags: [adhd, cognitive-and-functional-phenotypes] — cited by: cognitive-and-functional-phenotypes.md
• Alderson et al. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and behavioral inhibition: a meta-analytic review of the stop-signal paradigm. Journal of abnormal child psychology. 2007;35:745-58. PMID 17668315 — tags: [adhd, cognitive-and-functional-phenotypes] — cited by: cognitive-and-functional-phenotypes.md
• Lansbergen et al. Stroop interference and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a review and meta-analysis. Neuropsychology. 2007;21:251-62. PMID 17402825 — tags: [adhd, cognitive-and-functional-phenotypes] — cited by: cognitive-and-functional-phenotypes.md
• Zheng et al. Time Perception Deficits in Children and Adolescents with ADHD: A Meta-analysis. Journal of attention disorders. 2022;26:267-281. PMID 33302769 — tags: [adhd, cognitive-and-functional-phenotypes] — cited by: cognitive-and-functional-phenotypes.md
• Nejati et al. Time perception in children with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): Does task matter? A meta-analysis study. Child neuropsychology : a journal on normal and abnormal development in childhood and adolescence. 2020;26:900-916. PMID 32757699 — tags: [adhd, cognitive-and-functional-phenotypes] — cited by: cognitive-and-functional-phenotypes.md
• Metcalfe et al. Time-Perception Deficits in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Developmental neuropsychology. 2024;49:1-24. PMID 38145491 — tags: [adhd, cognitive-and-functional-phenotypes] — cited by: cognitive-and-functional-phenotypes.md
• Hart et al. Meta-analysis of fMRI studies of timing in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews. 2012;36:2248-56. PMID 22922163 — tags: [adhd, cognitive-and-functional-phenotypes] — cited by: cognitive-and-functional-phenotypes.md
• Huang-Pollock et al. Evaluating vigilance deficits in ADHD: a meta-analysis of CPT performance. Journal of abnormal psychology. 2012;121:360-71. PMID 22428793 — tags: [adhd, cognitive-and-functional-phenotypes] — cited by: cognitive-and-functional-phenotypes.md
• Marx et al. Meta-analysis: Altered Perceptual Timing Abilities in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 2022;61:866-880. PMID 34923055 — tags: [adhd, cognitive-and-functional-phenotypes] — cited by: cognitive-and-functional-phenotypes.md
• Nejati et al. Cognitive Correlates of Risky Decision-Making in Individuals with and without ADHD: A Meta-analysis. Neuropsychology review. 2025;35:535-551. PMID 38902592 — tags: [adhd, cognitive-and-functional-phenotypes] — cited by: cognitive-and-functional-phenotypes.md

Childhood and adolescent ADHD

• Carucci et al. Long term methylphenidate exposure and growth in children and adolescents with ADHD. A systematic review and meta-analysis. Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews. 2021;120:509-525. PMID 33080250 — tags: [adhd, childhood-and-adolescent-adhd] — cited by: childhood-and-adolescent-adhd.md, long-term-outcomes-and-quality-of-life.md, pharmacologic-treatment.md, red-flags-and-safety-concerns.md
• Granero et al. The Role of Iron and Zinc in the Treatment of ADHD among Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review of Randomized Clinical Trials. Nutrients. 2021;13. PMID 34836314 — tags: [adhd, childhood-and-adolescent-adhd] — cited by: childhood-and-adolescent-adhd.md
• Storebø et al. Methylphenidate for children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The Cochrane database of systematic reviews. 2023;3:CD009885. PMID 36971690 — tags: [adhd, childhood-and-adolescent-adhd] — cited by: childhood-and-adolescent-adhd.md, pharmacologic-treatment.md, red-flags-and-safety-concerns.md
• Catalá-López et al. The pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents: A systematic review with network meta-analyses of randomised trials. PloS one. 2017;12:e0180355. PMID 28700715 — tags: [adhd, childhood-and-adolescent-adhd] — cited by: childhood-and-adolescent-adhd.md, pharmacologic-treatment.md, psychosocial-and-digital-treatment.md
• Lin et al. Effectiveness of Serious Games as Digital Therapeutics for Enhancing the Abilities of Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): Systematic Literature Review. JMIR serious games. 2025;13:e60937. PMID 40327858 — tags: [adhd, childhood-and-adolescent-adhd] — cited by: childhood-and-adolescent-adhd.md
• Oh et al. Effects of game-based digital therapeutics on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents as assessed by parents or teachers: a systematic review and meta-analysis. European child & adolescent psychiatry. 2024;33:481-493. PMID 36862162 — tags: [adhd, childhood-and-adolescent-adhd] — cited by: childhood-and-adolescent-adhd.md, clinical-trials-landscape.md
• Vijin et al. Effectiveness of an attention enhancement task on executive function in children with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of child and adolescent mental health. 2026:1-14. PMID 42287019 — tags: [adhd, childhood-and-adolescent-adhd] — cited by: childhood-and-adolescent-adhd.md
• Storebø et al. Methylphenidate for children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The Cochrane database of systematic reviews. 2025;12:CD009885. PMID 41342306 — tags: [adhd, childhood-and-adolescent-adhd] — cited by: childhood-and-adolescent-adhd.md, red-flags-and-safety-concerns.md
• Bushe et al. Suicide related events and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder treatments in children and adolescents: a meta-analysis of atomoxetine and methylphenidate comparator clinical trials. Child and adolescent psychiatry and mental health. 2013;7:19. PMID 23777626 — tags: [adhd, childhood-and-adolescent-adhd] — cited by: childhood-and-adolescent-adhd.md
• Özgen et al. Treatment of Adolescents with Concurrent Substance Use Disorder and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Systematic Review. Journal of clinical medicine. 2021;10. PMID 34501355 — tags: [adhd, childhood-and-adolescent-adhd] — cited by: childhood-and-adolescent-adhd.md
• Carpentier et al. Pharmacological Treatment of ADHD in Addicted Patients: What Does the Literature Tell Us? Harvard review of psychiatry. 2017;25:50-64. PMID 28272130 — tags: [adhd, childhood-and-adolescent-adhd] — cited by: childhood-and-adolescent-adhd.md
• Santos et al. A review of Cochrane reviews on pharmacological treatment for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Dementia & neuropsychologia. 2021;15:421-427. PMID 35509804 — tags: [adhd, childhood-and-adolescent-adhd] — cited by: childhood-and-adolescent-adhd.md
• Rajaprakash et al. Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. Pediatrics in review. 2022;43:135-147. PMID 35229109 — tags: [adhd, childhood-and-adolescent-adhd] — cited by: childhood-and-adolescent-adhd.md
• Dobrosavljevic et al. The diagnosis and treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in older adults. Expert review of neurotherapeutics. 2023;23:883-893. PMID 37725058 — tags: [adhd, childhood-and-adolescent-adhd] — cited by: childhood-and-adolescent-adhd.md
• Zhao et al. A Digital Cognitive-Physical Intervention for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of medical Internet research. 2024;26:e55569. PMID 38728075 — tags: [adhd, childhood-and-adolescent-adhd] — cited by: childhood-and-adolescent-adhd.md, clinical-trials-landscape.md
• Research consortium for non-pharmacological interventions on ADHD, et al. Non-pharmacological treatment of Attention Deficit Disorder with or without Hyperactivity (ADHD). Overview and report of the first international symposium on the non-pharmacological management of ADHD. L'Encephale. 2024;50:309-328. PMID 38326137 — tags: [adhd, childhood-and-adolescent-adhd] — cited by: childhood-and-adolescent-adhd.md
• Bölte. Social cognition in autism and ADHD. Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews. 2025;169:106022. PMID 39832687 — tags: [adhd, childhood-and-adolescent-adhd] — cited by: childhood-and-adolescent-adhd.md
• Cortese et al. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults: evidence base, uncertainties and controversies. World psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA). 2025;24:347-371. PMID 40948064 — tags: [adhd, childhood-and-adolescent-adhd] — cited by: childhood-and-adolescent-adhd.md
• Gosling et al. Benefits and harms of ADHD interventions: umbrella review and platform for shared decision making. BMJ (Clinical research ed.). 2025;391:e085875. PMID 41297970 — tags: [adhd, childhood-and-adolescent-adhd] — cited by: adult-adhd.md, childhood-and-adolescent-adhd.md, comorbidity-and-differential-diagnosis.md, pharmacologic-treatment.md
• Dekkers et al. Meta-analysis: Which Components of Parent Training Work for Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder? Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 2022;61:478-494. PMID 34224837 — tags: [adhd, childhood-and-adolescent-adhd] — cited by: childhood-and-adolescent-adhd.md, psychosocial-and-digital-treatment.md
• Lee et al. Effectiveness of mindfulness parent training on parenting stress and children's ADHD-related behaviors: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Hong Kong journal of occupational therapy : HKJOT. 2022;35:3-24. PMID 35847187 — tags: [adhd, childhood-and-adolescent-adhd] — cited by: childhood-and-adolescent-adhd.md
• Westwood et al. Neurofeedback for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. JAMA psychiatry. 2025;82:118-129. PMID 39661381 — tags: [adhd, childhood-and-adolescent-adhd] — cited by: adult-adhd.md, childhood-and-adolescent-adhd.md, psychosocial-and-digital-treatment.md
• Rimestad et al. Short- and Long-Term Effects of Parent Training for Preschool Children With or at Risk of ADHD: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Journal of attention disorders. 2019;23:423-434. PMID 27179355 — tags: [adhd, childhood-and-adolescent-adhd] — cited by: childhood-and-adolescent-adhd.md
• Cortese et al. Cognitive training for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: meta-analysis of clinical and neuropsychological outcomes from randomized controlled trials. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 2015;54:164-74. PMID 25721181 — tags: [adhd, childhood-and-adolescent-adhd] — cited by: childhood-and-adolescent-adhd.md, psychosocial-and-digital-treatment.md
• Mulqueen et al. Meta-analysis: parental interventions for preschool ADHD. Journal of attention disorders. 2015;19:118-24. PMID 24071773 — tags: [adhd, childhood-and-adolescent-adhd] — cited by: childhood-and-adolescent-adhd.md, psychosocial-and-digital-treatment.md
• Hornstra et al. Review: Which components of behavioral parent and teacher training work for children with ADHD? - a metaregression analysis on child behavioral outcomes. Child and adolescent mental health. 2023;28:258-268. PMID 35417075 — tags: [adhd, childhood-and-adolescent-adhd] — cited by: childhood-and-adolescent-adhd.md, psychosocial-and-digital-treatment.md

Adult ADHD

• Rivas-Vazquez et al. Adult ADHD: Underdiagnosis of a Treatable Condition. Journal of health service psychology. 2023;49:11-19. PMID 36743427 — tags: [adhd, adult-adhd] — cited by: adult-adhd.md
• Elliott et al. Pharmacologic treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in adults: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. PloS one. 2020;15:e0240584. PMID 33085721 — tags: [adhd, adult-adhd] — cited by: adult-adhd.md, long-term-outcomes-and-quality-of-life.md, pharmacologic-treatment.md
• Liu et al. Effectiveness of cognitive behavioural-based interventions for adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder extends beyond core symptoms: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Psychology and psychotherapy. 2023;96:543-559. PMID 36794797 — tags: [adhd, adult-adhd] — cited by: adult-adhd.md, comorbidity-and-differential-diagnosis.md, long-term-outcomes-and-quality-of-life.md, psychosocial-and-digital-treatment.md
• Soler-Gutiérrez et al. Evidence of emotion dysregulation as a core symptom of adult ADHD: A systematic review. PloS one. 2023;18:e0280131. PMID 36608036 — tags: [adhd, adult-adhd] — cited by: adult-adhd.md, comorbidity-and-differential-diagnosis.md
• Saville et al. Exploring the Intersection of ADHD and Music: A Systematic Review. Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland). 2025;15. PMID 39851869 — tags: [adhd, adult-adhd] — cited by: adult-adhd.md, comorbidity-and-differential-diagnosis.md
• Abdallah et al. Short- and Long-Term Outcomes of Suboptimal Medication Adherence in Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Systematic Literature Review. Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology. 2024;34:183-193. PMID 38700276 — tags: [adhd, adult-adhd] — cited by: adult-adhd.md
• Stuhec et al. Efficacy, Acceptability, and Tolerability of Lisdexamfetamine, Mixed Amphetamine Salts, Methylphenidate, and Modafinil in the Treatment of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. The Annals of pharmacotherapy. 2019;53:121-133. PMID 30117329 — tags: [adhd, adult-adhd] — cited by: adult-adhd.md
• Nazar et al. The risk of eating disorders comorbid with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis. The International journal of eating disorders. 2016;49:1045-1057. PMID 27859581 — tags: [adhd, adult-adhd] — cited by: adult-adhd.md
• Nourredine et al. Efficacy of pharmacological interventions for ADHD: protocol for an updated systematic review and dose-response network meta-analysis. Systematic reviews. 2024;13:256. PMID 39396049 — tags: [adhd, adult-adhd] — cited by: adult-adhd.md, pharmacologic-treatment.md
• Lannes et al. Comparative cardiovascular side effects of medications for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children, adolescents and adults: protocol for a systematic review and network meta-analysis. BMJ open. 2022;12:e062748. PMID 36167386 — tags: [adhd, adult-adhd] — cited by: adult-adhd.md
• Lopez et al. Cognitive-behavioural interventions for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews. 2018;3:CD010840. PMID 29566425 — tags: [adhd, adult-adhd] — cited by: adult-adhd.md, psychosocial-and-digital-treatment.md
• Oliva et al. The efficacy of mindfulness-based interventions in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder beyond core symptoms: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression. Journal of affective disorders. 2021;292:475-486. PMID 34146899 — tags: [adhd, adult-adhd] — cited by: adult-adhd.md
• Young et al. The Efficacy of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Adults With ADHD: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Journal of attention disorders. 2020;24:875-888. PMID 27554190 — tags: [adhd, adult-adhd] — cited by: adult-adhd.md, psychosocial-and-digital-treatment.md
• Ren et al. Predicting later ADHD presentation types from early childhood autism and intellectual disability. European child & adolescent psychiatry. 2025;34:4023-4033. PMID 40676375 — tags: [adhd, adult-adhd] — cited by: adult-adhd.md
• Ahlberg et al. Real-life instability in ADHD from young to middle adulthood: a nationwide register-based study of social and occupational problems. BMC psychiatry. 2023;23:336. PMID 37173664 — tags: [adhd, adult-adhd] — cited by: adult-adhd.md
• Greenhill. Editorial: Does a Diagnosis of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Childhood Determine an Increased Risk for Future Criminality? Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 2019;58:401-402. PMID 30768386 — tags: [adhd, adult-adhd] — cited by: adult-adhd.md, long-term-outcomes-and-quality-of-life.md
• Roy et al. Childhood Predictors of Adult Functional Outcomes in the Multimodal Treatment Study of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (MTA). Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 2017;56:687-695.e7. PMID 28735698 — tags: [adhd, adult-adhd] — cited by: adult-adhd.md
• Kim et al. Mindfulness-based interventions for adults with ADHD: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine. 2025;104:e44308. PMID 40958241 — tags: [adhd, adult-adhd] — cited by: adult-adhd.md
• Nourredine et al. Pharmacological interventions for ADHD: a systematic review and dose-effect network meta-analysis. The lancet. Psychiatry. 2026;13:485-495. PMID 42134365 — tags: [adhd, adult-adhd] — cited by: adult-adhd.md, clinical-trials-landscape.md, pharmacologic-treatment.md

Girls, women and hormonal context

• Kok et al. The female side of pharmacotherapy for ADHD-A systematic literature review. PloS one. 2020;15:e0239257. PMID 32946507 — tags: [adhd, girls-women-and-hormonal-context] — cited by: girls-women-and-hormonal-context.md
• Young et al. A systematic review and meta-analysis comparing the severity of core symptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in females and males. Psychological medicine. 2024;54:3763-3784. PMID 39494848 — tags: [adhd, girls-women-and-hormonal-context] — cited by: girls-women-and-hormonal-context.md
• Wynchank et al. Practical tools for female-specific ADHD: The impact of hormonal fluctuations in clinical practice and from the literature. European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists. 2025;69:e1. PMID 41115846 — tags: [adhd, girls-women-and-hormonal-context] — cited by: girls-women-and-hormonal-context.md
• Thomas et al. Prevalence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Pediatrics. 2015;135:e994-1001. PMID 25733754 — tags: [adhd, girls-women-and-hormonal-context] — cited by: girls-women-and-hormonal-context.md
• de Schipper et al. Towards an ICF core set for ADHD: a worldwide expert survey on ability and disability. European child & adolescent psychiatry. 2015;24:1509-21. PMID 26428005 — tags: [adhd, girls-women-and-hormonal-context] — cited by: girls-women-and-hormonal-context.md
• Hendriksen et al. Diagnostic overshadowing in a population of children with neurological disabilities: A cross sectional descriptive study on acquired ADHD. European journal of paediatric neurology : EJPN : official journal of the European Paediatric Neurology Society. 2015;19:521-4. PMID 25976065 — tags: [adhd, girls-women-and-hormonal-context] — cited by: girls-women-and-hormonal-context.md
• Osianlis et al. ADHD and Sex Hormones in Females: A Systematic Review. Journal of attention disorders. 2025;29:706-723. PMID 40251875 — tags: [adhd, girls-women-and-hormonal-context] — cited by: girls-women-and-hormonal-context.md
• Eng et al. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and the menstrual cycle: Theory and evidence. Hormones and behavior. 2024;158:105466. PMID 38039899 — tags: [adhd, girls-women-and-hormonal-context] — cited by: girls-women-and-hormonal-context.md
• Wynchank et al. Menstrual Cycle-Related Hormonal Fluctuations in ADHD: Effect on Cognitive Functioning-A Narrative Review. Journal of clinical medicine. 2025;15. PMID 41517370 — tags: [adhd, girls-women-and-hormonal-context] — cited by: girls-women-and-hormonal-context.md
• de Jong et al. Female-specific pharmacotherapy in ADHD: premenstrual adjustment of psychostimulant dosage. Frontiers in psychiatry. 2023;14:1306194. PMID 38152361 — tags: [adhd, girls-women-and-hormonal-context] — cited by: girls-women-and-hormonal-context.md
• Kooij et al. Research advances and future directions in female ADHD: the lifelong interplay of hormonal fluctuations with mood, cognition, and disease. Frontiers in global women's health. 2025;6:1613628. PMID 40692967 — tags: [adhd, girls-women-and-hormonal-context] — cited by: girls-women-and-hormonal-context.md
• Roberts et al. Reproductive steroids and ADHD symptoms across the menstrual cycle. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2018;88:105-114. PMID 29197795 — tags: [adhd, girls-women-and-hormonal-context] — cited by: girls-women-and-hormonal-context.md
• Osianlis et al. ADHD in females: Survey findings on symptoms across hormonal life stages. Journal of psychiatric research. 2026;193:208-215. PMID 41330200 — tags: [adhd, girls-women-and-hormonal-context] — cited by: girls-women-and-hormonal-context.md
• Bürger et al. Perceived associations between the menstrual cycle and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): A qualitative interview study exploring lived experiences. Sexual & reproductive healthcare : official journal of the Swedish Association of Midwives. 2024;40:100975. PMID 38678676 — tags: [adhd, girls-women-and-hormonal-context] — cited by: girls-women-and-hormonal-context.md
• Zaritsky et al. Changes in ADHD Symptoms and Mood Across the Menstrual Cycle in Females Treated With Stimulants: A Pilot Study. Journal of attention disorders. 2026;30:329-341. PMID 41451846 — tags: [adhd, girls-women-and-hormonal-context] — cited by: girls-women-and-hormonal-context.md
• Broughton et al. Increased risk of provisional premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) among females with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): cross-sectional survey study. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science. 2025;226:410-417. PMID 40528384 — tags: [adhd, girls-women-and-hormonal-context] — cited by: girls-women-and-hormonal-context.md
• Kennedy et al. Menstrual health and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) symptoms: A scoping review. Women's health (London, England). 2026;22:17455057261460285. PMID 42274016 — tags: [adhd, girls-women-and-hormonal-context] — cited by: girls-women-and-hormonal-context.md
• Ji et al. Association of Cord Plasma Biomarkers of In Utero Acetaminophen Exposure With Risk of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Autism Spectrum Disorder in Childhood. JAMA psychiatry. 2020;77:180-189. PMID 31664451 — tags: [adhd, girls-women-and-hormonal-context] — cited by: girls-women-and-hormonal-context.md
• Bang Madsen et al. In utero exposure to ADHD medication and long-term offspring outcomes. Molecular psychiatry. 2023;28:1739-1746. PMID 36759544 — tags: [adhd, girls-women-and-hormonal-context] — cited by: girls-women-and-hormonal-context.md
• Li et al. Associations of Prescribed ADHD Medication in Pregnancy with Pregnancy-Related and Offspring Outcomes: A Systematic Review. CNS drugs. 2020;34:731-747. PMID 32333292 — tags: [adhd, girls-women-and-hormonal-context] — cited by: girls-women-and-hormonal-context.md
• Masarwa et al. Prenatal Exposure to Acetaminophen and Risk for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Autistic Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, and Meta-Regression Analysis of Cohort Studies. American journal of epidemiology. 2018;187:1817-1827. PMID 29688261 — tags: [adhd, girls-women-and-hormonal-context] — cited by: girls-women-and-hormonal-context.md
• Tai et al. Maternal and offspring outcomes associated with prescribed ADHD medication in pregnancy: a systematic review. Archives of women's mental health. 2025;28:1425-1446. PMID 41083615 — tags: [adhd, girls-women-and-hormonal-context] — cited by: girls-women-and-hormonal-context.md
• Wynchank et al. Pharmacological Management of ADHD in Women Across Perimenopause, Menopause and Post-Menopause. Drugs & aging. 2026;43:385-395. PMID 42018215 — tags: [adhd, girls-women-and-hormonal-context] — cited by: girls-women-and-hormonal-context.md
• Jakobsdóttir Smári et al. Perimenopausal symptoms in women with and without ADHD: A population-based cohort study. European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists. 2025;68:e133. PMID 40903825 — tags: [adhd, girls-women-and-hormonal-context] — cited by: girls-women-and-hormonal-context.md
• Krebs et al. Integrative literature review - the impact of ADHD across women's lifespan. BMC women's health. 2025;25:593. PMID 41361438 — tags: [adhd, girls-women-and-hormonal-context] — cited by: girls-women-and-hormonal-context.md
• Craddock. Being a Woman Is 100% Significant to My Experiences of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Autism: Exploring the Gendered Implications of an Adulthood Combined Autism and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Diagnosis. Qualitative health research. 2024;34:1442-1455. PMID 39025117 — tags: [adhd, girls-women-and-hormonal-context] — cited by: girls-women-and-hormonal-context.md, patient-experience-and-advocacy.md
• Pines. Midlife ADHD in women: any relevance to menopause? Climacteric : the journal of the International Menopause Society. 2016;19:423-5. PMID 26914101 — tags: [adhd, girls-women-and-hormonal-context] — cited by: girls-women-and-hormonal-context.md
• Antoniou et al. ADHD Symptoms in Females of Childhood, Adolescent, Reproductive and Menopause Period. Materia socio-medica. 2021;33:114-118. PMID 34483739 — tags: [adhd, girls-women-and-hormonal-context] — cited by: girls-women-and-hormonal-context.md

Comorbidity and differential diagnosis

• Antshel et al. Autism Spectrum Disorders and ADHD: Overlapping Phenomenology, Diagnostic Issues, and Treatment Considerations. Current psychiatry reports. 2019;21:34. PMID 30903299 — tags: [adhd, comorbidity-and-differential-diagnosis] — cited by: comorbidity-and-differential-diagnosis.md
• Chaulagain et al. A systematic meta-review of systematic reviews on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists. 2023;66:e90. PMID 37974470 — tags: [adhd, comorbidity-and-differential-diagnosis] — cited by: comorbidity-and-differential-diagnosis.md, long-term-outcomes-and-quality-of-life.md
• Choi et al. The prevalence of psychiatric comorbidities in adult ADHD compared with non-ADHD populations: A systematic literature review. PloS one. 2022;17:e0277175. PMID 36331985 — tags: [adhd, comorbidity-and-differential-diagnosis] — cited by: comorbidity-and-differential-diagnosis.md
• Buoli et al. Alternative pharmacological strategies for adult ADHD treatment: a systematic review. Expert review of neurotherapeutics. 2016;16:131-44. PMID 26693882 — tags: [adhd, comorbidity-and-differential-diagnosis] — cited by: comorbidity-and-differential-diagnosis.md
• Despature et al. Clinical and Cognitive Features of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder with Intellectual Giftedness: A Systematic Review. Developmental neuropsychology. 2023;48:347-360. PMID 37929569 — tags: [adhd, comorbidity-and-differential-diagnosis] — cited by: comorbidity-and-differential-diagnosis.md
• Pan et al. Headache in ADHD as comorbidity and a side effect of medications: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychological medicine. 2022;52:14-25. PMID 34635194 — tags: [adhd, comorbidity-and-differential-diagnosis] — cited by: comorbidity-and-differential-diagnosis.md, pharmacologic-treatment.md
• Lewandrowski et al. Genetic and Regulatory Mechanisms of Comorbidity of Anxiety, Depression and ADHD: A GWAS Meta-Meta-Analysis Through the Lens of a System Biological and Pharmacogenomic Perspective in 18.5 M Subjects. Journal of personalized medicine. 2025;15. PMID 40137419 — tags: [adhd, comorbidity-and-differential-diagnosis] — cited by: comorbidity-and-differential-diagnosis.md
• Gao et al. Migration modulates the prevalence of ASD and ADHD: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC psychiatry. 2022;22:395. PMID 35698047 — tags: [adhd, comorbidity-and-differential-diagnosis] — cited by: comorbidity-and-differential-diagnosis.md
• Agahi et al. Verbal fluency in individuals with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): A meta-analysis. Acta psychologica. 2026;270:107638. PMID 42659788 — tags: [adhd, comorbidity-and-differential-diagnosis] — cited by: comorbidity-and-differential-diagnosis.md
• Zhang et al. The shared white matter developmental trajectory anomalies of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorders: A meta-analysis of diffusion tensor imaging studies. Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry. 2023;124:110731. PMID 36764642 — tags: [adhd, comorbidity-and-differential-diagnosis] — cited by: comorbidity-and-differential-diagnosis.md
• Asherson et al. Differential diagnosis, comorbidity, and treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in relation to bipolar disorder or borderline personality disorder in adults. Current medical research and opinion. 2014;30:1657-72. PMID 24804976 — tags: [adhd, comorbidity-and-differential-diagnosis] — cited by: comorbidity-and-differential-diagnosis.md
• Wingo et al. A systematic review of rates and diagnostic validity of comorbid adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and bipolar disorder. The Journal of clinical psychiatry. 2007;68:1776-84. PMID 18052572 — tags: [adhd, comorbidity-and-differential-diagnosis] — cited by: comorbidity-and-differential-diagnosis.md
• Marangoni et al. Bipolar disorder and ADHD: comorbidity and diagnostic distinctions. Current psychiatry reports. 2015;17:604. PMID 26084666 — tags: [adhd, comorbidity-and-differential-diagnosis] — cited by: comorbidity-and-differential-diagnosis.md
• Klassen et al. Adult ADHD and its comorbidities, with a focus on bipolar disorder. Journal of affective disorders. 2010;124:1-8. PMID 19683348 — tags: [adhd, comorbidity-and-differential-diagnosis] — cited by: comorbidity-and-differential-diagnosis.md
• Brus et al. Adult ADHD vs. bipolar disorder in the DSM-5 era: a challenging differentiation for clinicians. Journal of psychiatric practice. 2014;20:428-37. PMID 25406047 — tags: [adhd, comorbidity-and-differential-diagnosis] — cited by: comorbidity-and-differential-diagnosis.md
• Scheffer. Concurrent ADHD and bipolar disorder. Current psychiatry reports. 2007;9:415-9. PMID 17915082 — tags: [adhd, comorbidity-and-differential-diagnosis] — cited by: comorbidity-and-differential-diagnosis.md
• Skirrow et al. An update on the debated association between ADHD and bipolar disorder across the lifespan. Journal of affective disorders. 2012;141:143-59. PMID 22633181 — tags: [adhd, comorbidity-and-differential-diagnosis] — cited by: comorbidity-and-differential-diagnosis.md
• Xian et al. Sleep dysregulation in ADHD children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychological medicine. 2025;55:e321. PMID 41147210 — tags: [adhd, comorbidity-and-differential-diagnosis] — cited by: comorbidity-and-differential-diagnosis.md
• Zamboni et al. ADHD and the Risk of Benzodiazepine Misuse: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Substance use & misuse. 2026;61:752-759. PMID 41352760 — tags: [adhd, comorbidity-and-differential-diagnosis] — cited by: comorbidity-and-differential-diagnosis.md
• Liang et al. Objectively measured sleep continuity in children and adolescents with ADHD: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychiatry research. 2023;328:115447. PMID 37657199 — tags: [adhd, comorbidity-and-differential-diagnosis] — cited by: comorbidity-and-differential-diagnosis.md
• Díaz-Román et al. Sleep in adults with ADHD: Systematic review and meta-analysis of subjective and objective studies. Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews. 2018;89:61-71. PMID 29477617 — tags: [adhd, comorbidity-and-differential-diagnosis] — cited by: comorbidity-and-differential-diagnosis.md

Pharmacologic treatment

• Newcorn et al. Randomized, double-blind trial of guanfacine extended release in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: morning or evening administration. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 2013;52:921-30. PMID 23972694 — tags: [adhd, pharmacologic-treatment] — cited by: pharmacologic-treatment.md
• Zhang et al. Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases Associated With Medications Used in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA network open. 2022;5:e2243597. PMID 36416824 — tags: [adhd, pharmacologic-treatment] — cited by: pharmacologic-treatment.md, red-flags-and-safety-concerns.md
• Farhat et al. Comparative cardiovascular safety of medications for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in children, adolescents, and adults: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. The lancet. Psychiatry. 2025;12:355-365. PMID 40203844 — tags: [adhd, pharmacologic-treatment] — cited by: long-term-outcomes-and-quality-of-life.md, pharmacologic-treatment.md, red-flags-and-safety-concerns.md
• Solmi et al. Safety of 80 antidepressants, antipsychotics, anti-attention-deficit/hyperactivity medications and mood stabilizers in children and adolescents with psychiatric disorders: a large scale systematic meta-review of 78 adverse effects. World psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA). 2020;19:214-232. PMID 32394557 — tags: [adhd, pharmacologic-treatment] — cited by: pharmacologic-treatment.md
• Jaeschke et al. Methylphenidate for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in adults: a narrative review. Psychopharmacology. 2021;238:2667-2691. PMID 34436651 — tags: [adhd, pharmacologic-treatment] — cited by: pharmacologic-treatment.md
• Salazar de Pablo et al. Occurrence of Psychosis and Bipolar Disorder in Individuals With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Treated With Stimulants: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. JAMA psychiatry. 2025;82:1103-1112. PMID 40900605 — tags: [adhd, pharmacologic-treatment] — cited by: pharmacologic-treatment.md
• Gillies et al. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews. 2023;4:CD007986. PMID 37058600 — tags: [adhd, pharmacologic-treatment] — cited by: pharmacologic-treatment.md
• Osland et al. Pharmacological treatment for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children with comorbid tic disorders. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews. 2018;6:CD007990. PMID 29944175 — tags: [adhd, pharmacologic-treatment] — cited by: pharmacologic-treatment.md
• Boesen et al. The Cochrane Collaboration withdraws a review on methylphenidate for adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Evidence-based medicine. 2017;22:143-147. PMID 28705922 — tags: [adhd, pharmacologic-treatment] — cited by: pharmacologic-treatment.md
• Kittel-Schneider et al. Parental ADHD in pregnancy and the postpartum period - A systematic review. Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews. 2021;124:63-77. PMID 33516734 — tags: [adhd, pharmacologic-treatment] — cited by: pharmacologic-treatment.md
• Lenzi et al. Pharmacotherapy of emotional dysregulation in adults with ADHD: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews. 2018;84:359-367. PMID 28837827 — tags: [adhd, pharmacologic-treatment] — cited by: pharmacologic-treatment.md
• Brunkhorst-Kanaan et al. ADHD and accidents over the life span - A systematic review. Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews. 2021;125:582-591. PMID 33582234 — tags: [adhd, pharmacologic-treatment] — cited by: pharmacologic-treatment.md
• Hennissen et al. Cardiovascular Effects of Stimulant and Non-Stimulant Medication for Children and Adolescents with ADHD: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Trials of Methylphenidate, Amphetamines and Atomoxetine. CNS drugs. 2017;31:199-215. PMID 28236285 — tags: [adhd, pharmacologic-treatment] — cited by: pharmacologic-treatment.md
• Wilens et al. Misuse and diversion of stimulants prescribed for ADHD: a systematic review of the literature. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 2008;47:21-31. PMID 18174822 — tags: [adhd, pharmacologic-treatment] — cited by: pharmacologic-treatment.md, red-flags-and-safety-concerns.md
• Terao et al. The Dose-Response Relationship of Atomoxetine for the Treatment of Children With ADHD: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Double-Blind Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trials. Journal of attention disorders. 2024;28:431-438. PMID 38069471 — tags: [adhd, pharmacologic-treatment] — cited by: pharmacologic-treatment.md
• Martins et al. Effectiveness of pharmacological interventions for managing ADHD symptoms in individuals with autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry. 2024;134:111089. PMID 39004333 — tags: [adhd, pharmacologic-treatment] — cited by: pharmacologic-treatment.md

Psychosocial and digital treatment

• Kollins et al. A novel digital intervention for actively reducing severity of paediatric ADHD (STARS-ADHD): a randomised controlled trial. The Lancet. Digital health. 2020;2:e168-e178. PMID 33334505 — tags: [adhd, psychosocial-and-digital-treatment] — cited by: clinical-trials-landscape.md, psychosocial-and-digital-treatment.md
• Hassan Awaji et al. Mapping the Mind: A Network Meta-Analysis of Mindfulness and Traditional and Digital Interventions for Cognitive and Behavioral Enhancement in Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Cureus. 2026;18:e102453. PMID 41769550 — tags: [adhd, psychosocial-and-digital-treatment] — cited by: psychosocial-and-digital-treatment.md
• Wu et al. Comparative Efficacy of Neurofeedback Interventions for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Children: A Network Meta-Analysis. Brain and behavior. 2024;14:e70194. PMID 39711044 — tags: [adhd, psychosocial-and-digital-treatment] — cited by: psychosocial-and-digital-treatment.md
• Zhou et al. Network meta-analysis of the effects of long-term non-pharmacologic treatment on inhibitory control in children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Journal of psychiatric research. 2025;187:261-276. PMID 40398202 — tags: [adhd, psychosocial-and-digital-treatment] — cited by: psychosocial-and-digital-treatment.md
• Cortese et al. Pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions for adults with ADHD: protocol for a systematic review and network meta-analysis. BMJ open. 2022;12:e058102. PMID 35277411 — tags: [adhd, psychosocial-and-digital-treatment] — cited by: psychosocial-and-digital-treatment.md
• Liu et al. A meta-analysis of the intervention effect of cognitive behavioral therapy on adult ADHD. Journal of affective disorders. 2026;399:121107. PMID 41483880 — tags: [adhd, psychosocial-and-digital-treatment] — cited by: psychosocial-and-digital-treatment.md
• Jensen et al. Cognitive behavioural therapy for ADHD in adults: systematic review and meta-analyses. Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorders. 2016;8:3-11. PMID 26801998 — tags: [adhd, psychosocial-and-digital-treatment] — cited by: psychosocial-and-digital-treatment.md
• Correction notice. "Meta-analysis of cognitive-behavioral treatments for adult ADHD": Correction to Knouse, Teller, and Brooks (2017). Journal of consulting and clinical psychology. 2017;85:882. PMID 28857594 — tags: [adhd, psychosocial-and-digital-treatment] — cited by: psychosocial-and-digital-treatment.md
• Knouse et al. Meta-analysis of cognitive-behavioral treatments for adult ADHD. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology. 2017;85:737-750. PMID 28504540 — tags: [adhd, psychosocial-and-digital-treatment] — cited by: psychosocial-and-digital-treatment.md
• Hamatani et al. Dismantling cognitive-behavioural therapy components for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in adolescents and adults: protocol for a network meta-analysis. BMJ open. 2023;13:e068547. PMID 37076162 — tags: [adhd, psychosocial-and-digital-treatment] — cited by: psychosocial-and-digital-treatment.md
• Li et al. Efficacy of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Combined with Pharmacotherapy Versus Pharmacotherapy Alone in Adult ADHD: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Journal of attention disorders. 2024;28:279-292. PMID 38084075 — tags: [adhd, psychosocial-and-digital-treatment] — cited by: psychosocial-and-digital-treatment.md
• Matsumoto et al. Components of cognitive-behavioural therapy for mitigating core symptoms in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: a systematic review and network meta-analys. BMJ mental health. 2024;27. PMID 39732478 — tags: [adhd, psychosocial-and-digital-treatment] — cited by: psychosocial-and-digital-treatment.md
• Zwi et al. Parent training interventions for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in children aged 5 to 18 years. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews. 2011;2011:CD003018. PMID 22161373 — tags: [adhd, psychosocial-and-digital-treatment] — cited by: psychosocial-and-digital-treatment.md
• Micoulaud-Franchi et al. EEG neurofeedback treatments in children with ADHD: an updated meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Frontiers in human neuroscience. 2014;8:906. PMID 25431555 — tags: [adhd, psychosocial-and-digital-treatment] — cited by: psychosocial-and-digital-treatment.md
• Wong et al. Effectiveness of Technology-Based Interventions for School-Age Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. JMIR mental health. 2023;10:e51459. PMID 37988139 — tags: [adhd, psychosocial-and-digital-treatment] — cited by: psychosocial-and-digital-treatment.md
• Doffer et al. Sustained improvements by behavioural parent training for children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A meta-analytic review of longer-term child and parental outcomes. JCPP advances. 2023;3:e12196. PMID 37720584 — tags: [adhd, psychosocial-and-digital-treatment] — cited by: psychosocial-and-digital-treatment.md
• Bikic et al. Meta-analysis of organizational skills interventions for children and adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. Clinical psychology review. 2017;52:108-123. PMID 28088557 — tags: [adhd, psychosocial-and-digital-treatment] — cited by: psychosocial-and-digital-treatment.md

Long-term outcomes and quality of life

• Shaw et al. A systematic review and analysis of long-term outcomes in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: effects of treatment and non-treatment. BMC medicine. 2012;10:99. PMID 22947230 — tags: [adhd, long-term-outcomes-and-quality-of-life] — cited by: long-term-outcomes-and-quality-of-life.md
• Arnold et al. Long-Term Outcomes of ADHD: Academic Achievement and Performance. Journal of attention disorders. 2020;24:73-85. PMID 25583985 — tags: [adhd, long-term-outcomes-and-quality-of-life] — cited by: long-term-outcomes-and-quality-of-life.md
• Harpin et al. Long-Term Outcomes of ADHD: A Systematic Review of Self-Esteem and Social Function. Journal of attention disorders. 2016;20:295-305. PMID 23698916 — tags: [adhd, long-term-outcomes-and-quality-of-life] — cited by: long-term-outcomes-and-quality-of-life.md
• Nanda et al. Adverse Effects of Stimulant Interventions for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): A Comprehensive Systematic Review. Cureus. 2023;15:e45995. PMID 37900465 — tags: [adhd, long-term-outcomes-and-quality-of-life] — cited by: long-term-outcomes-and-quality-of-life.md
• Vasiliadis et al. ADHD medications use and risk of mortality and unintentional injuries: a population-based cohort study. Translational psychiatry. 2024;14:128. PMID 38418443 — tags: [adhd, long-term-outcomes-and-quality-of-life] — cited by: long-term-outcomes-and-quality-of-life.md
• O'Nions et al. Life expectancy and years of life lost for adults with diagnosed ADHD in the UK: matched cohort study. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science. 2025;226:261-268. PMID 39844532 — tags: [adhd, long-term-outcomes-and-quality-of-life] — cited by: long-term-outcomes-and-quality-of-life.md
• Mustonen et al. Association of ADHD symptoms in adolescence and mortality in Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986. Nordic journal of psychiatry. 2023;77:165-171. PMID 35549976 — tags: [adhd, long-term-outcomes-and-quality-of-life] — cited by: long-term-outcomes-and-quality-of-life.md
• Diallo et al. Morbidities and mortality of diagnosed attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) over the youth lifespan: A population-based retrospective cohort study. International journal of methods in psychiatric research. 2022;31:e1903. PMID 34952999 — tags: [adhd, long-term-outcomes-and-quality-of-life] — cited by: long-term-outcomes-and-quality-of-life.md
• Rice et al. Stimulant medication and suicide mortality in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. BJPsych open. 2024;10:e33. PMID 38251676 — tags: [adhd, long-term-outcomes-and-quality-of-life] — cited by: long-term-outcomes-and-quality-of-life.md
• Li et al. Mortality in people with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): Examining how risk is embodied in a pooling of two prospective cohort studies. medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences. 2026. PMID 42326778 — tags: [adhd, long-term-outcomes-and-quality-of-life] — cited by: long-term-outcomes-and-quality-of-life.md
• Ruiz-Goikoetxea et al. Risk of unintentional injuries in children and adolescents with ADHD and the impact of ADHD medications: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews. 2018;84:63-71. PMID 29162520 — tags: [adhd, long-term-outcomes-and-quality-of-life] — cited by: long-term-outcomes-and-quality-of-life.md
• Boland et al. A literature review and meta-analysis on the effects of ADHD medications on functional outcomes. Journal of psychiatric research. 2020;123:21-30. PMID 32014701 — tags: [adhd, long-term-outcomes-and-quality-of-life] — cited by: long-term-outcomes-and-quality-of-life.md
• Adeyemo et al. Mild traumatic brain injury and ADHD: a systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis. Journal of attention disorders. 2014;18:576-84. PMID 25047040 — tags: [adhd, long-term-outcomes-and-quality-of-life] — cited by: long-term-outcomes-and-quality-of-life.md
• Seens et al. Prevalence of bone fractures among children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC pediatrics. 2021;21:354. PMID 34412606 — tags: [adhd, long-term-outcomes-and-quality-of-life] — cited by: long-term-outcomes-and-quality-of-life.md
• Jerome et al. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and driving risk: a review of the literature and a methodological critique. Current psychiatry reports. 2006;8:416-26. PMID 16968625 — tags: [adhd, long-term-outcomes-and-quality-of-life] — cited by: long-term-outcomes-and-quality-of-life.md
• Simonoff. Editorial: The Long-term Impact of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Lessons From the Past and Directions for the Future. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 2022;61:357-359. PMID 34971731 — tags: [adhd, long-term-outcomes-and-quality-of-life] — cited by: long-term-outcomes-and-quality-of-life.md
• Payne et al. Clinical Inquiry: What is the long-term educational outlook for youngsters with ADHD? The Journal of family practice. 2011;60:364-7. PMID 21647473 — tags: [adhd, long-term-outcomes-and-quality-of-life] — cited by: long-term-outcomes-and-quality-of-life.md
• Voigt et al. Academic Achievement in Adults with a History of Childhood Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Population-Based Prospective Study. Journal of developmental and behavioral pediatrics : JDBP. 2017;38:1-11. PMID 27902544 — tags: [adhd, long-term-outcomes-and-quality-of-life] — cited by: long-term-outcomes-and-quality-of-life.md

Guidelines

• Amer et al. Appraisal of clinical practice guidelines for the management of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) using the AGREE II Instrument: A systematic review. PloS one. 2019;14:e0219239. PMID 31276528 — tags: [adhd, guidelines] — cited by: guidelines.md
• American Academy of Pediatrics. Clinical practice guideline: diagnosis and evaluation of the child with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. American Academy of Pediatrics. Pediatrics. 2000;105:1158-70. PMID 10836893 — tags: [adhd, guidelines] — cited by: guidelines.md
• Ruiz-Goikoetxea et al. Risk of poisoning in children and adolescents with ADHD: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Scientific reports. 2018;8:7584. PMID 29765117 — tags: [adhd, guidelines] — cited by: guidelines.md
• Razzak et al. Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Evaluation and Diagnosis of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Children and Adolescents: A systematic review of the literature. Sultan Qaboos University medical journal. 2021;21:e12-e21. PMID 33777419 — tags: [adhd, guidelines] — cited by: guidelines.md
• Buitelaar et al. [Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): etiology, diagnosis and treatment]. Nederlands tijdschrift voor geneeskunde. 2000;144:1716-23. PMID 10992893 — tags: [adhd, guidelines] — cited by: guidelines.md
• Woods et al. Considerations and evidence for an ADHD outcome measure. Academic pediatrics. 2014;14:S54-60. PMID 25169459 — tags: [adhd, guidelines] — cited by: guidelines.md
• Rashid et al. Medication-taking experiences in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a systematic review. Family practice. 2018;35:142-150. PMID 28973393 — tags: [adhd, guidelines] — cited by: guidelines.md
• Seixas et al. Systematic review of national and international guidelines on attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England). 2012;26:753-65. PMID 21948938 — tags: [adhd, guidelines] — cited by: guidelines.md
• American Academy of Pediatrics Subcommittee on Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Committee on Quality Improvement. Clinical practice guideline: treatment of the school-aged child with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Pediatrics. 2001;108:1033-44. PMID 11581465 — tags: [adhd, guidelines] — cited by: guidelines.md
• Chatfield et al. AAP guideline on treatment of children with ADHD. American Academy of Pediatrics. American family physician. 2002;65:726, 728. PMID 11871686 — tags: [adhd, guidelines] — cited by: guidelines.md
• Herrerias et al. The child with ADHD: using the AAP Clinical Practice Guideline. American Academy of Pediatrics. American family physician. 2001;63:1803-10. PMID 11352293 — tags: [adhd, guidelines] — cited by: guidelines.md
• Fiks et al. Preschool ADHD Diagnosis and Stimulant Use Before and After the 2011 AAP Practice Guideline. Pediatrics. 2016;138. PMID 27940706 — tags: [adhd, guidelines] — cited by: guidelines.md
• Hauk. AAP releases guideline on diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of ADHD. American family physician. 2013;87:61-2. PMID 23317027 — tags: [adhd, guidelines] — cited by: guidelines.md
• Eom et al. Clinical practice guidelines for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: recent updates. Clinical and experimental pediatrics. 2024;67:26-34. PMID 37321571 — tags: [adhd, guidelines] — cited by: guidelines.md
• Trace et al. Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Practice Patterns: A Survey of Kentucky Pediatric Providers. Journal of developmental and behavioral pediatrics : JDBP. 2022;43:233-239. PMID 34799539 — tags: [adhd, guidelines] — cited by: guidelines.md
• Obioha et al. Pearls, perils, and pitfalls in the assessment and treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in adolescents. Current opinion in pediatrics. 2014;26:119-29. PMID 24370490 — tags: [adhd, guidelines] — cited by: guidelines.md
• Skelley et al. Clinical Management of ADHD in a Family Medicine Residency Program: Comparison with AAP Guidelines. Southern medical journal. 2016;109:331-7. PMID 27255087 — tags: [adhd, guidelines] — cited by: guidelines.md
• Olson et al. Improving guideline adherence for the diagnosis of ADHD in an ambulatory pediatric setting. Ambulatory pediatrics : the official journal of the Ambulatory Pediatric Association. 2005;5:138-42. PMID 15913406 — tags: [adhd, guidelines] — cited by: guidelines.md
• Reiff et al. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder evaluation and diagnosis: a practical approach in office practice. Pediatric clinics of North America. 2003;50:1019-48. PMID 14558680 — tags: [adhd, guidelines] — cited by: guidelines.md
• Man et al. Long-term safety of methylphenidate in children and adolescents with ADHD: 2-year outcomes of the Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Drugs Use Chronic Effects (ADDUCE) study. The lancet. Psychiatry. 2023;10:323-333. PMID 36958362 — tags: [adhd, guidelines] — cited by: guidelines.md, red-flags-and-safety-concerns.md
• Singh et al. Young People's Experience of ADHD and Stimulant Medication: A Qualitative Study for the NICE Guideline. Child and adolescent mental health. 2010;15:186-192. PMID 32847199 — tags: [adhd, guidelines] — cited by: guidelines.md
• Timimi et al. NICE guidance on ADHD. NICE recommendations are not evidence based and could expose many to unnecessary harm. BMJ (Clinical research ed.). 2008;337:a2284. PMID 18957461 — tags: [adhd, guidelines] — cited by: guidelines.md
• Van Vyve et al. Pharmacotherapy for ADHD in children and adolescents: A summary and overview of different European guidelines. European journal of pediatrics. 2024;183:1047-1056. PMID 38095716 — tags: [adhd, guidelines] — cited by: guidelines.md
• Laatsch et al. Cortical gyrification predicts initial treatment response in adults with ADHD. Translational psychiatry. 2025;15:406. PMID 41107253 — tags: [adhd, guidelines] — cited by: guidelines.md
• Ramos-Quiroga et al. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in the European adult population: prevalence, disease awareness, and treatment guidelines. Current medical research and opinion. 2013;29:1093-104. PMID 23742051 — tags: [adhd, guidelines] — cited by: guidelines.md
• Laatsch et al. Neural correlates of inattention in adults with ADHD. European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience. 2025;275:2177-2188. PMID 39073447 — tags: [adhd, guidelines] — cited by: guidelines.md

Biomarkers

• Slater et al. Can electroencephalography (EEG) identify ADHD subtypes? A systematic review. Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews. 2022;139:104752. PMID 35760387 — tags: [adhd, biomarkers] — cited by: biomarkers.md
• Chang et al. Cortisol and inflammatory biomarker levels in youths with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): evidence from a systematic review with meta-analysis. Translational psychiatry. 2021;11:430. PMID 34413283 — tags: [adhd, biomarkers] — cited by: biomarkers.md
• Karabulut et al. Proteomic Findings in ADHD: A Systematic Review. International journal of developmental neuroscience : the official journal of the International Society for Developmental Neuroscience. 2025;85:e70057. PMID 41236087 — tags: [adhd, biomarkers] — cited by: biomarkers.md
• Morandini et al. Brain iron concentration in childhood ADHD: A systematic review of neuroimaging studies. Journal of psychiatric research. 2024;173:200-209. PMID 38547742 — tags: [adhd, biomarkers] — cited by: biomarkers.md
• Borgonovo et al. Potential Genetic Intersections Between ADHD and Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Review. NeuroSci. 2025;6. PMID 41133633 — tags: [adhd, biomarkers] — cited by: biomarkers.md
• Fulun et al. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysfunction in children with ADHD: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2025;181:107605. PMID 40974807 — tags: [adhd, biomarkers] — cited by: biomarkers.md
• Snyder et al. Integration of an EEG biomarker with a clinician's ADHD evaluation. Brain and behavior. 2015;5:e00330. PMID 25798338 — tags: [adhd, biomarkers] — cited by: biomarkers.md
• Das et al. 3D ADHD-Net and DeepTrace: Decoding ADHD from EEG with neurophysiological insights. Applied neuropsychology. Child. 2026:1-23. PMID 41883314 — tags: [adhd, biomarkers] — cited by: biomarkers.md
• Abedinzadeh Torghabeh et al. Potential biomarker for early detection of ADHD using phase-based brain connectivity and graph theory. Physical and engineering sciences in medicine. 2023;46:1447-1465. PMID 37668834 — tags: [adhd, biomarkers] — cited by: biomarkers.md
• Lenartowicz et al. Aberrant Modulation of Brain Oscillatory Activity and Attentional Impairment in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging. 2018;3:19-29. PMID 29397074 — tags: [adhd, biomarkers] — cited by: biomarkers.md
• Hadas et al. Right prefrontal activation predicts ADHD and its severity: A TMS-EEG study in young adults. Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry. 2021;111:110340. PMID 33957168 — tags: [adhd, biomarkers] — cited by: biomarkers.md
• Safi et al. Diagnosis of ADHD in children from EEG signals using amplitude modulation features. Computers in biology and medicine. 2026;213:111828. PMID 42322747 — tags: [adhd, biomarkers] — cited by: biomarkers.md
• von Polier et al. Exploring voice as a digital phenotype in adults with ADHD. Scientific reports. 2025;15:18076. PMID 40413201 — tags: [adhd, biomarkers] — cited by: biomarkers.md
• Poil et al. Age dependent electroencephalographic changes in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology. 2014;125:1626-38. PMID 24582383 — tags: [adhd, biomarkers] — cited by: biomarkers.md
• Zhao et al. Diagnostic Value of Electroencephalography Features and Serum Neurotrophic Factors in Differentiating Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Subtypes. Psychiatry investigation. 2025;22:1164-1170. PMID 41207280 — tags: [adhd, biomarkers] — cited by: biomarkers.md
• Sanchis et al. A Decision Support System Based on multi-head convolutional and Recurrent Neural Networks for assisting physicians in diagnosing ADHD. Computers in biology and medicine. 2025;196:110826. PMID 40752402 — tags: [adhd, biomarkers] — cited by: biomarkers.md
• Misiak et al. Peripheral blood inflammatory markers in patients with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): A systematic review and meta-analysis. Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry. 2022;118:110581. PMID 35660454 — tags: [adhd, biomarkers] — cited by: biomarkers.md
• Meijer et al. Cell type-specific methylome-wide association studies of childhood ADHD symptoms. European neuropsychopharmacology : the journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology. 2025;101:7-17. PMID 41145087 — tags: [adhd, biomarkers] — cited by: biomarkers.md
• Gędek et al. Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, platelet to lymphocyte ratio, and monocyte to lymphocyte ratio in ADHD: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Frontiers in psychiatry. 2023;14:1258868. PMID 38034918 — tags: [adhd, biomarkers] — cited by: biomarkers.md
• Neumann et al. Association between DNA methylation and ADHD symptoms from birth to school age: a prospective meta-analysis. Translational psychiatry. 2020;10:398. PMID 33184255 — tags: [adhd, biomarkers] — cited by: biomarkers.md
• Zhang et al. Peripheral brain-derived neurotrophic factor in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of affective disorders. 2018;227:298-304. PMID 29132072 — tags: [adhd, biomarkers] — cited by: biomarkers.md
• Al-Kafaji et al. Mitochondrial DNA copy number in autism spectrum disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Frontiers in psychiatry. 2023;14:1196035. PMID 37484684 — tags: [adhd, biomarkers] — cited by: biomarkers.md
• Bonvicini et al. Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis of genetic, pharmacogenetic and biochemical studies. Molecular psychiatry. 2016;21:872-84. PMID 27217152 — tags: [adhd, biomarkers] — cited by: biomarkers.md
• Huang et al. Significantly lower serum and hair magnesium levels in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder than controls: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry. 2019;90:134-141. PMID 30496768 — tags: [adhd, biomarkers] — cited by: biomarkers.md
• Scassellati et al. Biomarkers and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a systematic review and meta-analyses. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 2012;51:1003-1019.e20. PMID 23021477 — tags: [adhd, biomarkers] — cited by: biomarkers.md
• Patel et al. Predicting ADHD in alcohol dependence using polygenic risk scores for ADHD. American journal of medical genetics. Part B, Neuropsychiatric genetics : the official publication of the International Society of Psychiatric Genetics. 2024;195:e32967. PMID 37946686 — tags: [adhd, biomarkers] — cited by: biomarkers.md
• Li. The positive end of the polygenic score distribution for ADHD: a low risk or a protective factor? Psychological medicine. 2021;51:102-111. PMID 31658909 — tags: [adhd, biomarkers] — cited by: biomarkers.md
• Ranathunga et al. Real-world clinical validation of brainstem-based ocular biomarkers for ADHD classification in children and adults. Scientific reports. 2026. PMID 42448769 — tags: [adhd, biomarkers] — cited by: biomarkers.md, OPEN-QUESTIONS.md
• Barnett et al. Improving Machine Learning Prediction of ADHD Using Gene Set Polygenic Risk Scores and Risk Scores From Genetically Correlated Phenotypes. American journal of medical genetics. Part B, Neuropsychiatric genetics : the official publication of the International Society of Psychiatric Genetics. 2025;198:200-209. PMID 40631367 — tags: [adhd, biomarkers] — cited by: biomarkers.md

Clinical trials landscape

• Dakwar-Kawar et al. Transcranial random noise stimulation combined with cognitive training for treating ADHD: a randomized, sham-controlled clinical trial. Translational psychiatry. 2023;13:271. PMID 37528107 — tags: [adhd, clinical-trials-landscape] — cited by: clinical-trials-landscape.md
• Sullivan et al. A randomized clinical trial to evaluate feasibility, tolerability, and preliminary target engagement for a novel executive working memory training in adolescents with ADHD. Behaviour research and therapy. 2024;181:104615. PMID 39173523 — tags: [adhd, clinical-trials-landscape] — cited by: clinical-trials-landscape.md
• Chen et al. Prediction of methylphenidate treatment response for ADHD using conventional and radiomics T1 and DTI features: Secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial. NeuroImage. Clinical. 2025;45:103707. PMID 39591718 — tags: [adhd, clinical-trials-landscape] — cited by: clinical-trials-landscape.md
• Bergmann et al. Effects of a novel individualized digital cognitive training on ADHD characteristics, quality of life, and cognitive functioning in adults with ADHD: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of psychiatric research. 2026;200:26-37. PMID 42142506 — tags: [adhd, clinical-trials-landscape] — cited by: clinical-trials-landscape.md
• Lam et al. Double-Blind, Sham-Controlled Randomized Trial Testing the Efficacy of fMRI Neurofeedback on Clinical and Cognitive Measures in Children With ADHD. The American journal of psychiatry. 2022;179:947-958. PMID 36349428 — tags: [adhd, clinical-trials-landscape] — cited by: clinical-trials-landscape.md
• Clark et al. Vestibular Stimulation for ADHD: randomized controlled trial of Comprehensive Motion Apparatus. Journal of attention disorders. 2008;11:599-611. PMID 18198165 — tags: [adhd, clinical-trials-landscape] — cited by: clinical-trials-landscape.md
• Morgan et al. Co-Occurring Psychopathology Moderates Social Skills Improvement in a Randomized Controlled Trial of a Collaborative School-Home Intervention for Children with ADHD. Journal of clinical child and adolescent psychology : the official journal for the Society of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, American Psychological Association, Division 53. 2022;51:543-555. PMID 32930610 — tags: [adhd, clinical-trials-landscape] — cited by: clinical-trials-landscape.md
• Ghannadi et al. Sulforaphane Adjunct to Methylphenidate for Attention-deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Trial. Clinical neuropharmacology. 2025;48:181-187. PMID 41604557 — tags: [adhd, clinical-trials-landscape] — cited by: clinical-trials-landscape.md
• Dang et al. The promoting effects of digital targeted cognitive training in medication treatment for children with ADHD: a randomized controlled trial. BMC medicine. 2025;23:371. PMID 40598377 — tags: [adhd, clinical-trials-landscape] — cited by: clinical-trials-landscape.md
• Flannery et al. Secondary analyses of sex differences in attention improvements across three clinical trials of a digital therapeutic in children, adolescents, and adults with ADHD. BMC public health. 2024;24:1195. PMID 38685016 — tags: [adhd, clinical-trials-landscape] — cited by: clinical-trials-landscape.md
• Stamatis et al. Real-time cognitive performance metrics derived from a digital therapeutic for inattention predict ADHD-related clinical outcomes: Replication across three independent trials of AKL-T01. Translational psychiatry. 2024;14:328. PMID 39128918 — tags: [adhd, clinical-trials-landscape] — cited by: clinical-trials-landscape.md
• D'Amelio et al. Effectiveness of attexis, a digital intervention based on cognitive behavioral therapy for adults with ADHD: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine. 2026;56:e54. PMID 41810578 — tags: [adhd, clinical-trials-landscape] — cited by: clinical-trials-landscape.md
• Leffa et al. Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation vs Sham for the Treatment of Inattention in Adults With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: The TUNED Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA psychiatry. 2022;79:847-856. PMID 35921102 — tags: [adhd, clinical-trials-landscape] — cited by: clinical-trials-landscape.md
• Fu et al. Efficacy and Safety of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Brain and behavior. 2025;15:e70246. PMID 39829146 — tags: [adhd, clinical-trials-landscape] — cited by: clinical-trials-landscape.md
• Chen et al. Noninvasive Brain Stimulation in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Treatment Efficacy and Targeting Strategies. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 2026;65:369-391. PMID 40701403 — tags: [adhd, clinical-trials-landscape] — cited by: clinical-trials-landscape.md
• Zhang et al. A systematic review of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) for adults with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Journal of psychiatric research. 2026;195:74-84. PMID 41610600 — tags: [adhd, clinical-trials-landscape] — cited by: clinical-trials-landscape.md
• Fu et al. Efficacy and safety of transcranial alternating current stimulation in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a double-blind randomized sham-controlled trial. Molecular psychiatry. 2026;31:2675-2684. PMID 41420112 — tags: [adhd, clinical-trials-landscape] — cited by: clinical-trials-landscape.md
• Neurofeedback Collaborative Group. Neurofeedback for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: 25-Month Follow-up of Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 2023;62:435-446. PMID 36521694 — tags: [adhd, clinical-trials-landscape] — cited by: clinical-trials-landscape.md
• Guimarães et al. The effects of transcranial direct current stimulation on attention and inhibitory control of children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): Study protocol for a randomized, sham-controlled, triple-blind, cross-over trial. Medicine. 2021;100:e24283. PMID 33663047 — tags: [adhd, clinical-trials-landscape] — cited by: clinical-trials-landscape.md
• Schneider et al. Enhancing Goal Achievement in Adults With ADHD: A Participant-Centered Evaluation of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation From the TUNED Trial. Journal of attention disorders. 2025;29:1070-1078. PMID 40524600 — tags: [adhd, clinical-trials-landscape] — cited by: clinical-trials-landscape.md
• Lukito et al. Effects of fMRI neurofeedback of right inferior frontal cortex on inhibitory brain activation in children with ADHD. Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences. 2024;379:20230097. PMID 39428885 — tags: [adhd, clinical-trials-landscape] — cited by: clinical-trials-landscape.md
• McGough. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder pharmacogenomics. Biological psychiatry. 2005;57:1367-73. PMID 15950009 — tags: [adhd, clinical-trials-landscape] — cited by: clinical-trials-landscape.md
• Kieling et al. A current update on ADHD pharmacogenomics. Pharmacogenomics. 2010;11:407-19. PMID 20235795 — tags: [adhd, clinical-trials-landscape] — cited by: clinical-trials-landscape.md
• Stein et al. The pharmacogenomic era: promise for personalizing attention deficit hyperactivity disorder therapy. Child and adolescent psychiatric clinics of North America. 2008;17:475-90, xi-xii. PMID 18295157 — tags: [adhd, clinical-trials-landscape] — cited by: clinical-trials-landscape.md
• Kambeitz et al. Meta-analysis of the association between dopamine transporter genotype and response to methylphenidate treatment in ADHD. The pharmacogenomics journal. 2014;14:77-84. PMID 23588108 — tags: [adhd, clinical-trials-landscape] — cited by: clinical-trials-landscape.md
• Yuan et al. Noradrenergic genes polymorphisms and response to methylphenidate in children with ADHD: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine. 2021;100:e27858. PMID 34797323 — tags: [adhd, clinical-trials-landscape] — cited by: clinical-trials-landscape.md

Patient experience and advocacy

• Matheson et al. Adult ADHD patient experiences of impairment, service provision and clinical management in England: a qualitative study. BMC health services research. 2013;13:184. PMID 23692803 — tags: [adhd, patient-experience-and-advocacy] — cited by: patient-experience-and-advocacy.md
• Watters et al. The impact of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adulthood: a qualitative study. Irish journal of psychological medicine. 2018;35:173-179. PMID 30124180 — tags: [adhd, patient-experience-and-advocacy] — cited by: patient-experience-and-advocacy.md
• Bisset et al. Recent Attitudes toward ADHD in the Broader Community: A Systematic Review. Journal of attention disorders. 2022;26:537-548. PMID 33769111 — tags: [adhd, patient-experience-and-advocacy] — cited by: patient-experience-and-advocacy.md
• Yang et al. Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Childhood ADHD Treatment Access and Utilization: Results From a National Study. Psychiatric services (Washington, D.C.). 2022;73:1338-1345. PMID 35959536 — tags: [adhd, patient-experience-and-advocacy] — cited by: patient-experience-and-advocacy.md
• Sieferle et al. Quality and Perception of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Content on TikTok: Cross-Sectional Study. JMIR infodemiology. 2025;5:e75973. PMID 41232032 — tags: [adhd, patient-experience-and-advocacy] — cited by: patient-experience-and-advocacy.md
• Reeves et al. What Are the Experiences of Adults With ADHD of Engaging in ADHD Medication Treatment? A Systematic Review and Meta-Ethnography. Journal of attention disorders. 2025;29:1118-1133. PMID 40665716 — tags: [adhd, patient-experience-and-advocacy] — cited by: patient-experience-and-advocacy.md
• Moore et al. Non-Pharmacological Interventions for ADHD in School Settings: An Overarching Synthesis of Systematic Reviews. Journal of attention disorders. 2019;23:220-233. PMID 25755258 — tags: [adhd, patient-experience-and-advocacy] — cited by: patient-experience-and-advocacy.md
• Verwaerde et al. Experience of the diagnostic journey for ADHD in adulthood: A quantitative and qualitative study. L'Encephale. 2026;52:394-399. PMID 41833504 — tags: [adhd, patient-experience-and-advocacy] — cited by: patient-experience-and-advocacy.md
• Gudka et al. Primary care provision for young people with ADHD: a multi-perspective qualitative study. The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners. 2024;74:e408-e416. PMID 38316468 — tags: [adhd, patient-experience-and-advocacy] — cited by: patient-experience-and-advocacy.md
• Wyler et al. Treatment provision for adults with ADHD during the COVID-19 pandemic: an exploratory study on patient and therapist experience with on-site sessions using face masks vs. telepsychiatric sessions. BMC psychiatry. 2021;21:237. PMID 33952229 — tags: [adhd, patient-experience-and-advocacy] — cited by: patient-experience-and-advocacy.md
• Bernardelli et al. Acceptance of virtual reality to promote attention orientation in children: a qualitative study among children with ADHD and neurotypical development. Annals of medicine. 2025;57:2548387. PMID 40832757 — tags: [adhd, patient-experience-and-advocacy] — cited by: patient-experience-and-advocacy.md
• Brar et al. Evolutionary perspectives on ADHD. Irish journal of psychological medicine. 2025:1-5. PMID 40859736 — tags: [adhd, patient-experience-and-advocacy] — cited by: patient-experience-and-advocacy.md
• Lefler et al. ADHD in college: A qualitative analysis. Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorders. 2016;8:79-93. PMID 26825556 — tags: [adhd, patient-experience-and-advocacy] — cited by: patient-experience-and-advocacy.md
• Krishnamoorthy et al. Stigma in adults with ADHD: a systematic review of types, experiences, and potential implications for quality of life. Frontiers in psychiatry. 2026;17:1783271. PMID 42137527 — tags: [adhd, patient-experience-and-advocacy] — cited by: patient-experience-and-advocacy.md
• Golson et al. A Systematic Review of ADHD Knowledge Measures and Their Psychometric Support. Journal of pediatric psychology. 2023;48:356-374. PMID 36806736 — tags: [adhd, patient-experience-and-advocacy] — cited by: patient-experience-and-advocacy.md
• French et al. Barriers and facilitators to understanding of ADHD in primary care: a mixed-method systematic review. European child & adolescent psychiatry. 2019;28:1037-1064. PMID 30552584 — tags: [adhd, patient-experience-and-advocacy] — cited by: patient-experience-and-advocacy.md
• McGill et al. A Systematic Review of Lived Experiences of Receiving a Diagnosis of ADHD in Adulthood. Journal of attention disorders. 2026:10870547261455946. PMID 42216788 — tags: [adhd, patient-experience-and-advocacy] — cited by: patient-experience-and-advocacy.md
• Karimi et al. Treatment Adherence in ADHD: A Systematic Review of Influencing Factors and Strategies for Improvement. Journal of attention disorders. 2026;30:590-614. PMID 41267417 — tags: [adhd, patient-experience-and-advocacy] — cited by: patient-experience-and-advocacy.md
• Johnson et al. A qualitative systematic thematic review of motivations for medical use of prescription stimulants among adults with ADHD. Journal of affective disorders. 2025;383:133-152. PMID 40288450 — tags: [adhd, patient-experience-and-advocacy] — cited by: patient-experience-and-advocacy.md
• Tatlow-Golden et al. What do general practitioners know about ADHD? Attitudes and knowledge among first-contact gatekeepers: systematic narrative review. BMC family practice. 2016;17:129. PMID 27605006 — tags: [adhd, patient-experience-and-advocacy] — cited by: patient-experience-and-advocacy.md
• Rowney-Smith et al. The lived experience of rejection sensitivity in ADHD - A qualitative exploration. PloS one. 2026;21:e0314669. PMID 41564005 — tags: [adhd, patient-experience-and-advocacy] — cited by: patient-experience-and-advocacy.md
• Babinski et al. Adult Diagnosis of ADHD in Women: A Mixed Methods Investigation. Journal of attention disorders. 2025;29:207-219. PMID 39588653 — tags: [adhd, patient-experience-and-advocacy] — cited by: patient-experience-and-advocacy.md
• Ginapp et al. The lived experiences of adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A rapid review of qualitative evidence. Frontiers in psychiatry. 2022;13:949321. PMID 36032220 — tags: [adhd, patient-experience-and-advocacy] — cited by: patient-experience-and-advocacy.md
• Oscarsson et al. Stress and work-related mental illness among working adults with ADHD: a qualitative study. BMC psychiatry. 2022;22:751. PMID 36451126 — tags: [adhd, patient-experience-and-advocacy] — cited by: patient-experience-and-advocacy.md
• Williams et al. Reflections on the manifestation of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in girls from young adults with lived experiences: a qualitative study. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science. 2025;227:775-782. PMID 40977408 — tags: [adhd, patient-experience-and-advocacy] — cited by: patient-experience-and-advocacy.md
• Alarachi et al. A qualitative investigation of the lived experiences of adults with anxiety and related disorders and ADHD: Interconnectedness of symptoms and implications for improving care. The British journal of clinical psychology. 2026. PMID 41930671 — tags: [adhd, patient-experience-and-advocacy] — cited by: patient-experience-and-advocacy.md
• Ward et al. Wider health needs in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder from lived and professional experience: a qualitative framework analysis. BMJ open. 2024;14:e083539. PMID 39153774 — tags: [adhd, patient-experience-and-advocacy] — cited by: patient-experience-and-advocacy.md
• Nordby et al. Silver linings of ADHD: a thematic analysis of adults' positive experiences with living with ADHD. BMJ open. 2023;13:e072052. PMID 37788928 — tags: [adhd, patient-experience-and-advocacy] — cited by: patient-experience-and-advocacy.md
• Rout et al. Disparities in Adult ADHD Care Delivery Among U.S. Telepsychology Providers. Journal of attention disorders. 2026;30:571-576. PMID 41571598 — tags: [adhd, patient-experience-and-advocacy] — cited by: patient-experience-and-advocacy.md
• Mautone et al. Reducing disparities in behavioral health treatment in pediatric primary care: a randomized controlled trial comparing Partnering to Achieve School Success (PASS) to usual ADHD care for children ages 5 to 11 - study protocol. BMC primary care. 2024;25:225. PMID 38909215 — tags: [adhd, patient-experience-and-advocacy] — cited by: patient-experience-and-advocacy.md

Red flags and safety concerns

• Cooper et al. ADHD drugs and serious cardiovascular events in children and young adults. The New England journal of medicine. 2011;365:1896-904. PMID 22043968 — tags: [adhd, red-flags-and-safety-concerns] — cited by: red-flags-and-safety-concerns.md
• Forrest et al. Misuse and diversion of stimulant medications prescribed for the treatment of ADHD: a systematic review. Frontiers in psychiatry. 2025;16:1612785. PMID 40698051 — tags: [adhd, red-flags-and-safety-concerns] — cited by: red-flags-and-safety-concerns.md
• Liu et al. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder medication and risk of suicide attempt: A meta-analysis of observational studies. Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety. 2020;29:1364-1372. PMID 32875686 — tags: [adhd, red-flags-and-safety-concerns] — cited by: red-flags-and-safety-concerns.md
• Corkum et al. The Effects of Extended-Release Stimulant Medication on Sleep in Children with ADHD. Journal of the Canadian Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry = Journal de l'Academie canadienne de psychiatrie de l'enfant et de l'adolescent. 2020;29:33-43. PMID 32194650 — tags: [adhd, red-flags-and-safety-concerns] — cited by: red-flags-and-safety-concerns.md
• Torres-Acosta et al. Cardiovascular Effects of ADHD Therapies: JACC Review Topic of the Week. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2020;76:858-866. PMID 32792083 — tags: [adhd, red-flags-and-safety-concerns] — cited by: red-flags-and-safety-concerns.md
• Martinez-Raga et al. Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder medication use: factors involved in prescribing, safety aspects and outcomes. Therapeutic advances in drug safety. 2017;8:87-99. PMID 28382197 — tags: [adhd, red-flags-and-safety-concerns] — cited by: red-flags-and-safety-concerns.md
• Bushe et al. Systematic review of atomoxetine data in childhood and adolescent attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder 2009-2011: focus on clinical efficacy and safety. Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England). 2014;28:204-11. PMID 23438503 — tags: [adhd, red-flags-and-safety-concerns] — cited by: red-flags-and-safety-concerns.md
• Catalá-López et al. The pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents: protocol for a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Systematic reviews. 2015;4:19. PMID 25875125 — tags: [adhd, red-flags-and-safety-concerns] — cited by: red-flags-and-safety-concerns.md
• Ng. A Systematic Review of the Use of Bupropion for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Children and Adolescents. Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology. 2017;27:112-116. PMID 27813651 — tags: [adhd, red-flags-and-safety-concerns] — cited by: red-flags-and-safety-concerns.md
• Peterson et al. Comparative benefits and harms of competing medications for adults with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: a systematic review and indirect comparison meta-analysis. Psychopharmacology. 2008;197:1-11. PMID 18026719 — tags: [adhd, red-flags-and-safety-concerns] — cited by: red-flags-and-safety-concerns.md
• Sandstrom et al. Prevalence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in people with mood disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica. 2021;143:380-391. PMID 33528847 — tags: [adhd, red-flags-and-safety-concerns] — cited by: red-flags-and-safety-concerns.md
• Garnock-Jones et al. Atomoxetine: a review of its use in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents. Paediatric drugs. 2009;11:203-26. PMID 19445548 — tags: [adhd, red-flags-and-safety-concerns] — cited by: red-flags-and-safety-concerns.md
• Garas et al. Longitudinal Suicide Risk in Children and Adolescents With Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Brain and behavior. 2025;15:e70618. PMID 40534226 — tags: [adhd, red-flags-and-safety-concerns] — cited by: red-flags-and-safety-concerns.md
• Krinzinger et al. Neurological and psychiatric adverse effects of long-term methylphenidate treatment in ADHD: A map of the current evidence. Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews. 2019;107:945-968. PMID 31545988 — tags: [adhd, red-flags-and-safety-concerns] — cited by: red-flags-and-safety-concerns.md
• Konikowska et al. The influence of components of diet on the symptoms of ADHD in children. Roczniki Panstwowego Zakladu Higieny. 2012;63:127-34. PMID 22928358 — tags: [adhd, red-flags-and-safety-concerns] — cited by: red-flags-and-safety-concerns.md
• Mammarella et al. Pharmacological management for insomnia in children and adolescents with autism and attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder. Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy. 2025;26:1079-1098. PMID 40400273 — tags: [adhd, red-flags-and-safety-concerns] — cited by: red-flags-and-safety-concerns.md
• Luykx et al. Long term safety of ADHD medication in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Molecular psychiatry. 2025;30:4859-4867. PMID 40595332 — tags: [adhd, red-flags-and-safety-concerns] — cited by: red-flags-and-safety-concerns.md
• Low et al. Effects of methylphenidate on subjective sleep parameters in adults with ADHD: a prospective, non-randomized, non-blinded 6-week trial. Nordic journal of psychiatry. 2023;77:102-107. PMID 35635014 — tags: [adhd, red-flags-and-safety-concerns] — cited by: red-flags-and-safety-concerns.md
• Huang et al. Pharmacological treatment of ADHD and the short and long term effects on sleep. Current pharmaceutical design. 2011;17:1450-8. PMID 21476954 — tags: [adhd, red-flags-and-safety-concerns] — cited by: red-flags-and-safety-concerns.md
• Hechtman. ADHD medication treatment and risk of psychosis. The lancet. Psychiatry. 2019;6:632-633. PMID 31221558 — tags: [adhd, red-flags-and-safety-concerns] — cited by: red-flags-and-safety-concerns.md
• Moran et al. Psychosis with Methylphenidate or Amphetamine in Patients with ADHD. The New England journal of medicine. 2019;380:1128-1138. PMID 30893533 — tags: [adhd, red-flags-and-safety-concerns] — cited by: red-flags-and-safety-concerns.md
• Strålin et al. First episode psychosis and comorbid ADHD, autism and intellectual disability. European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists. 2019;55:18-22. PMID 30384107 — tags: [adhd, red-flags-and-safety-concerns] — cited by: red-flags-and-safety-concerns.md
• Elmaghraby et al. Risk of Newly Diagnosed Psychotic Symptoms in Youth Receiving Medications for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. JAACAP open. 2024;2:135-144. PMID 39554204 — tags: [adhd, red-flags-and-safety-concerns] — cited by: red-flags-and-safety-concerns.md
• Merrill et al. Risk of Injury According to Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Comorbid Mental Illness, and Medication Therapy. Pharmacopsychiatry. 2016;49:45-50. PMID 26829453 — tags: [adhd, red-flags-and-safety-concerns] — cited by: red-flags-and-safety-concerns.md
• Carucci et al. The Impact of Methylphenidate on Pubertal Maturation and Bone Age in ADHD Children and Adolescents: Results from the ADHD Drugs Use Chronic Effects (ADDUCE) Project. Journal of attention disorders. 2024;28:722-739. PMID 38366816 — tags: [adhd, red-flags-and-safety-concerns] — cited by: red-flags-and-safety-concerns.md