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Annotated patient-voice sources

Last accessed: 2026-08-30.

Peer-reviewed

  • Speight J, et al. Bringing an end to diabetes stigma and discrimination. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2024. PMID 38128969 — International consensus synthesising evidence and recommendations; strong agenda-setting source, not an intervention trial.
  • González-González JG, et al. Values, preferences and burden of treatment for GLP-1RA and SGLT2 initiation. BMJ Open. 2021;11:e049130. PMID 34244276 — Systematic review of treatment attributes and preferences; heterogeneous measures and settings.
  • Chopra S, et al. Effective primary care management of T2D for indigenous populations. PLoS One. 2022;17:e0276396. PMID 36355789 — Review focused on indigenous-care models; demonstrates context but should not be universalised across nations.
  • Seuring T, et al. Economic costs of T2D. Pharmacoeconomics. 2015;33:811-831. PMID 25787932 — Economic-burden synthesis; methods and country coverage highly heterogeneous.
  • Lean MEJ, et al. DiRECT one- and five-year reports. PMID 29221645; PMID 38423026 — Important for the hope/pressure tension around remission.
  • Joiner KL, et al. Promoting Stigma-Free Language in Type 2 Diabetes Care Among Primary Care Clinicians. JMIR Diabetes. 2026. PMID 42579884 — Randomised 21-clinician pilot; improved attitudes, but did not test sustained behaviour or patient outcomes.

Organizations and public resources

  • International Diabetes Federation — “Regions & Members.” https://idf.org/our-network/regions-and-members/ — Verifies global member structure; organisational description, not independent evaluation.
  • American Diabetes Association — “Advocacy.” https://diabetes.org/advocacy — Lists affordability, equity, discrimination and research priorities; US policy context.
  • Diabetes UK — “Diabetes stigma.” https://www.diabetes.org.uk/living-with-diabetes/emotional-wellbeing/stigma — Public education and campaign material; includes survey-derived claims but the page is not a peer-reviewed prevalence study.
  • Diabetes UK — “Helpline.” https://www.diabetes.org.uk/support-for-you/helpline — Verifies practical/emotional support service.
  • Diabetes Australia — “Position statements.” https://www.diabetesaustralia.com.au/position-statements/ — Hosts language guidance and national positions.

Coverage limitations

The source set is not a systematic sample of all patient experience. It overrepresents organizations with mature English websites, people willing to engage publicly, and health systems in high-income countries. No social-media posts or private forum material were collected. Future expansion should use translated public organisational sources and peer-reviewed qualitative studies from Africa, Latin America, South Asia and the Middle East.