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Type 2 diabetes — master index

Last curated: 2026-10-30 · status: draft pending independent audit

Audit snapshot (2026-08-30): 16/16 canonical wiki pages passed and were curated; 246 unique PMIDs in the bibliography; 6 landmark paper notes; 15 guideline records; 12 ClinicalTrials.gov registrations. Sweep 2026-10-09: 254 unique PubMed-verified bibliography records, 17 guideline records, 12 tracked registrations rechecked. Current sweep (2026-10-23): 270 bibliography records (16 added, all retraction-checked), 19 guideline records, 13 tracked registrations unchanged; eight wiki pages are draft pending independent audit (four from 2026-10-09, four demoted today).

Sweep 2026-10-30: 278 bibliography records (7 added), 21 guideline records and all 19 cited NCT registrations rechecked with no status/results-posting changes since 2026-10-23. Guideline correction, regional neuropathy consensus, achieved-HbA1c analysis and two patient-organisation sources catalogued; no deep note warranted.

The condition in five sentences. Type 2 diabetes is a heterogeneous disorder in which insulin resistance and insufficient β-cell compensation produce chronic hyperglycaemia, affecting an estimated 536.6 million adults aged 20–79 years in 2021 (Sun 2022, PMID 34879977). Its treatment goals now extend beyond glucose: SGLT2 inhibitors prevent heart-failure and kidney outcomes, while GLP-1 receptor agonists reduce major cardiovascular events and semaglutide has dedicated kidney-outcome evidence (Zinman 2015, PMID 26378978; Perkovic 2024, PMID 38785209). The condition can enter medication-free remission after substantial weight loss, but DiRECT remission declined from 46% at one year to 13% in the five-year extension group (Lean 2018, PMID 29221645; Lean 2024, PMID 38423026). Early-onset disease is particularly aggressive: TODAY documented at least one microvascular complication in 60.1% of participants by mean age 26.4 years (TODAY 2021, PMID 34320286). The central research problem is how to allocate and sustain prevention, remission and organ-protective therapy at population scale without worsening cost, access or stigma.

Start here: overview. Frontier: open questions. Growth history: log.

Reading paths

Orientation

  1. Overview
  2. Epidemiology and burden
  3. Pathophysiology and subtypes
  4. Complications

Prevention and disease reversal

  1. Prevention
  2. Remission and weight management
  3. Metabolic surgery
  4. Biomarkers

Therapeutic evidence

  1. Glycaemic management and legacy trials
  2. Incretin therapies
  3. SGLT2 inhibitors and kidney/heart
  4. Guidelines
  5. Clinical trials landscape

High-risk and human context

  1. Youth-onset T2D
  2. Red flags and safety
  3. Patient experience and advocacy
  4. Open questions

Pages

This table is the canonical page list for the condition.

File Scope Status
overview.md What T2D is, treatment era, remission, burden and map curated
epidemiology-and-burden.md IDF/GBD models, growth, cost, disparities and mortality curated
pathophysiology-and-subtypes.md Insulin resistance, β-cell failure, ectopic fat, clusters and precision status curated
prevention.md DPP/DPPOS, prediabetes definitions, metformin and population prevention curated
remission-and-weight-management.md DiRECT, definition, durability, relapse and pharmacologic normoglycaemia curated
incretin-therapies.md GLP-1/dual agonists, glycaemia, weight, CV/kidney evidence and access draft
sglt2-inhibitors-and-kidney-heart.md CV, HF and CKD trials, mechanisms and DKA safety draft
glycemic-management-and-legacy-trials.md UKPDS, ACCORD/ADVANCE/VADT, GRADE and targets draft
metabolic-surgery.md Procedures, RCTs, mechanisms, selection and long-term harms draft
complications.md Macro/microvascular, HF, MASLD, foot and multimorbidity curated
youth-onset-t2d.md TODAY, rapid progression, treatment gaps and transition draft
guidelines.md ADA/EASD, ADA, NICE, KDIGO, IDF and WHO synthesis draft
biomarkers.md HbA1c, C-peptide, organ markers, clusters, genetics and omics curated
clinical-trials-landscape.md Registrations, outcome-design evolution and pipeline draft
patient-experience-and-advocacy.md Stigma, treatment burden, access and organizations draft
red-flags-and-safety-concerns.md HHS, DKA, hypoglycaemia, foot/eye and drug emergencies curated

Literature layer

Resource Contents Status
BIBLIOGRAPHY.md 278 unique PubMed-verified records with cited-by mapping 246 audited; 32 pending audit
notes/ UKPDS, DPP, EMPA-REG, DiRECT, CREDENCE and FLOW deep notes 6 audited
guidelines/REGISTRY.md 21 current/superseded records, disagreements and watch list updated 2026-10-30; pending audit
statistics/STATISTICS.md Prevalence, care cascade, burden, prevention, remission, therapy, youth and safety tables updated; pending audit
patient-voice/README.md Ethics, method, organizations, themes and annotated sources sources updated; pending audit
OPEN-QUESTIONS.md 26 stable questions and 22 cross-domain junctions updated; pending audit

Curation state

The 2026-08-30 audit passed all 16 pages and re-resolved the then-current 246 PMIDs and 12 NCT identifiers. The 2026-10-09 literature sweep added eight PubMed-verified bibliography records and updated four wiki pages, which are draft pending an independent audit. All 12 tracked NCT identifiers were rechecked through the ClinicalTrials.gov v2 API. The 2026-10-23 sweep added 16 bibliography records and edited incretin-therapies, glycemic-management-and-legacy-trials, sglt2-inhibitors-and-kidney-heart, metabolic-surgery and clinical-trials-landscape. The first four were demoted from curated to draft, and all five await independent audit.