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COPD master bibliography¶

Last curated: 2026-10-27

Entries were retrieved live from PubMed E-utilities during their logged curation sessions. Page reference lists remain the authoritative map for individual claims.

Definition, diagnosis and epidemiology¶

Christenson SA, et al. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Lancet. 2022. PMID 35533707 — tags: [overview, definition] — cited by: diagnosis-spirometry-and-case-finding.md, overview.md, small-airway-disease-and-emphysema.md
Ho T, et al. Under- and over-diagnosis of COPD: a global perspective. Breathe. 2019. PMID 30838057 — tags: [diagnosis, misclassification] — cited by: diagnosis-spirometry-and-case-finding.md, epidemiology-and-global-burden.md, overview.md
Vestbo J, et al. GOLD executive summary. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2013. PMID 22878278 — tags: [diagnosis, guideline] — cited by: diagnosis-spirometry-and-case-finding.md, guidelines.md
Haynes JM. Pulmonary function testing in COPD diagnosis and management. Respir Care. 2023. PMID 37353330 — tags: [spirometry] — cited by: diagnosis-spirometry-and-case-finding.md
Frith PA, et al. Detecting COPD using micro-spirometry and/or questionnaire. Respirology. 2020. PMID 31950588 — tags: [case-finding] — cited by: diagnosis-spirometry-and-case-finding.md
Haroon SM, et al. Effectiveness of case-finding strategies for COPD: systematic review/meta-analysis. NPJ Prim Care Respir Med. 2015. PMID 26313400 — tags: [case-finding] — cited by: diagnosis-spirometry-and-case-finding.md
Preteroti M, et al. Population-based case-finding for undiagnosed asthma or COPD. Eur Respir J. 2020. PMID 32299864 — tags: [case-finding] — cited by: diagnosis-spirometry-and-case-finding.md
Alotaibi N, et al. RADICALS case-finding approaches. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2023. PMID 37492489 — tags: [case-finding] — cited by: diagnosis-spirometry-and-case-finding.md
Li Y, et al. Early states of COPD: PRISm, pre-COPD, young and mild COPD. Expert Rev Respir Med. 2025. PMID 40624819 — tags: [early-copd] — cited by: diagnosis-spirometry-and-case-finding.md
Adeloye D, et al. Global prevalence and risk factors for COPD in 2019. Lancet Respir Med. 2022. PMID 35279265 — tags: [prevalence, global] — cited by: epidemiology-and-global-burden.md, overview.md
Safiri S, et al. COPD burden and attributable risks in 204 countries, 1990–2019. BMJ. 2022. PMID 35896191 — tags: [gbd, burden] — cited by: epidemiology-and-global-burden.md
GBD Chronic Respiratory Disease Collaborators. Chronic-respiratory prevalence and burden, 1990–2017. Lancet Respir Med. 2020. PMID 32526187 — tags: [gbd] — cited by: epidemiology-and-global-burden.md
GBD 2019 Chronic Respiratory Diseases Collaborators. Global burden, 1990–2019. EClinicalMedicine. 2023. PMID 37229504 — tags: [gbd] — cited by: epidemiology-and-global-burden.md, overview.md
Boers E, et al. Global burden of COPD through 2050. JAMA Netw Open. 2023. PMID 38060225 — tags: [projection] — cited by: epidemiology-and-global-burden.md
Salvi SS, et al. COPD in non-smokers. Lancet. 2009. PMID 19716966 — tags: [never-smoker] — cited by: epidemiology-and-global-burden.md, smoking-pollution-and-occupational-risk.md
Yang IA, et al. COPD in never-smokers. Lancet Respir Med. 2022. PMID 35427530 — tags: [never-smoker] — cited by: comorbidity-and-systemic-effects.md, diagnosis-spirometry-and-case-finding.md, epidemiology-and-global-burden.md, overview.md, smoking-pollution-and-occupational-risk.md

Structure, inflammation and biomarkers¶

Barnes PJ. Inflammatory mechanisms in COPD. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2016. PMID 27373322 — tags: [inflammation] — cited by: inflammation-and-endotypes.md, overview.md
Barnes PJ. Inflammatory endotypes in COPD. Allergy. 2019. PMID 30834543 — tags: [endotypes] — cited by: not currently cited by a wiki page (retained for provenance)
Elbehairy AF, et al. Advances in COPD imaging using CT and MRI. Eur Respir J. 2024. PMID 38548292 — tags: [ct, mri] — cited by: biomarkers-and-imaging-phenotypes.md, diagnosis-spirometry-and-case-finding.md, overview.md, small-airway-disease-and-emphysema.md
Verleden SE, et al. Small-airway disease in pre-COPD with emphysema. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2024. PMID 38055196 — tags: [small-airways, pre-copd] — cited by: small-airway-disease-and-emphysema.md
Welling JBA, et al. Dynamics of hyperinflation. Respirology. 2023. PMID 37039738 — tags: [hyperinflation] — cited by: comorbidity-and-systemic-effects.md, emphysema-procedures-and-transplant.md, small-airway-disease-and-emphysema.md, stable-inhaled-therapy.md
Angelini ED, et al. CT emphysema subtypes by machine learning. Thorax. 2023. PMID 37268414 — tags: [ct, machine-learning] — cited by: biomarkers-and-imaging-phenotypes.md, small-airway-disease-and-emphysema.md
Kheradmand F, et al. Adaptive immunity in human COPD and experimental emphysema. Physiol Rev. 2023. PMID 36201635 — tags: [adaptive-immunity] — cited by: inflammation-and-endotypes.md, small-airway-disease-and-emphysema.md
Rojas-Quintero J, et al. Spatial transcriptomics in emphysema. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2024. PMID 37934672 — tags: [spatial-transcriptomics] — cited by: inflammation-and-endotypes.md, small-airway-disease-and-emphysema.md
David B, et al. Eosinophilic inflammation: marker to treatable trait. Thorax. 2021. PMID 33122447 — tags: [eosinophils] — cited by: biomarkers-and-imaging-phenotypes.md, guidelines.md, inflammation-and-endotypes.md
Yun JH, et al. Blood-eosinophil thresholds and exacerbations. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2018. PMID 29709670 — tags: [eosinophils] — cited by: biomarkers-and-imaging-phenotypes.md, inflammation-and-endotypes.md, stable-inhaled-therapy.md
Christenson SA. COPD phenotyping. Respir Care. 2023. PMID 37353326 — tags: [phenotypes] — cited by: inflammation-and-endotypes.md, small-airway-disease-and-emphysema.md

Genetics and exposures¶

Regan EA, et al. COPDGene study design. COPD. 2010. PMID 20214461 — tags: [cohort, genetics, imaging] — cited by: diagnosis-spirometry-and-case-finding.md, genetics-and-alpha-1-antitrypsin.md, overview.md
Silverman EK. Genetics of COPD. Annu Rev Physiol. 2020. PMID 31730394 — tags: [gwas, genetics] — cited by: genetics-and-alpha-1-antitrypsin.md
Greene CM, et al. Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2016. PMID 27465791 — tags: [aatd] — cited by: genetics-and-alpha-1-antitrypsin.md
Miravitlles M, et al. ERS statement on AATD. Eur Respir J. 2017. PMID 29191952 — tags: [aatd, guideline] — cited by: genetics-and-alpha-1-antitrypsin.md, overview.md
Fraughen DD, et al. Augmentation therapy and survival in severe AATD. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2023. PMID 37624745 — tags: [aatd, augmentation] — cited by: genetics-and-alpha-1-antitrypsin.md
Anthonisen NR, et al. Smoking intervention and 14.5-year mortality. Ann Intern Med. 2005. PMID 15710956 — tags: [smoking-cessation, landmark] — cited by: epidemiology-and-global-burden.md, overview.md, smoking-pollution-and-occupational-risk.md
Kurmi OP, et al. Solid-fuel indoor air pollution and COPD: meta-analysis. Thorax. 2010. PMID 20335290 — tags: [biomass] — cited by: epidemiology-and-global-burden.md, smoking-pollution-and-occupational-risk.md
Pathak U, et al. Biomass cooking fuel and COPD: meta-analysis. Int J Environ Health Res. 2020. PMID 30754998 — tags: [biomass] — cited by: epidemiology-and-global-burden.md, smoking-pollution-and-occupational-risk.md

Stable therapy and exacerbations¶

Wedzicha JA, et al. FLAME: indacaterol–glycopyrronium versus salmeterol–fluticasone. N Engl J Med. 2016. PMID 27181606 — tags: [laba-lama, flame, landmark] — cited by: overview.md, stable-inhaled-therapy.md
Lipson DA, et al. IMPACT single-inhaler triple therapy. N Engl J Med. 2018. PMID 29668352 — tags: [triple-therapy, landmark] — cited by: clinical-trials-landscape.md, overview.md, stable-inhaled-therapy.md
Rabe KF, et al. ETHOS triple therapy. N Engl J Med. 2020. PMID 32579807 — tags: [triple-therapy] — cited by: overview.md, stable-inhaled-therapy.md
Zhang Q, et al. Pneumonia risk with different inhaled corticosteroids in COPD patients: a meta-analysis. COPD. 2020. PMID 32643439 — tags: [ics, pneumonia] — cited by: comorbidity-and-systemic-effects.md, guidelines.md, inflammation-and-endotypes.md, overview.md, red-flags-and-safety-concerns.md, stable-inhaled-therapy.md
Chapman KR, et al. SUNSET ICS withdrawal. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2018. PMID 29779416 — tags: [ics-withdrawal] — cited by: stable-inhaled-therapy.md
Hurst JR, et al. Susceptibility to COPD exacerbation. N Engl J Med. 2010. PMID 20843247 — tags: [exacerbations, landmark] — cited by: exacerbations-and-acute-care.md
Albert RK, et al. Azithromycin to prevent COPD exacerbations. N Engl J Med. 2011. PMID 21864166 — tags: [macrolide] — cited by: overview.md, red-flags-and-safety-concerns.md
Wedzicha JA, et al. ERS/ATS exacerbation guideline. Eur Respir J. 2017. PMID 28298398 — tags: [guideline, exacerbation] — cited by: exacerbations-and-acute-care.md, guidelines.md
Ramakrishnan S, et al. Eosinophil-guided prednisolone: STARR2. Lancet Respir Med. 2024. PMID 37924830 — tags: [biomarker, acute-steroids] — cited by: exacerbations-and-acute-care.md, guidelines.md, inflammation-and-endotypes.md

Rehabilitation, oxygen and procedures¶

McCarthy B, et al. Pulmonary rehabilitation for COPD. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015. PMID 25705944 — tags: [rehabilitation, landmark] — cited by: comorbidity-and-systemic-effects.md, overview.md, patient-experience-and-advocacy.md, pulmonary-rehabilitation-and-self-management.md
Puhan MA, et al. Rehabilitation after COPD exacerbations. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016. PMID 27930803 — tags: [post-exacerbation-rehab] — cited by: exacerbations-and-acute-care.md, patient-experience-and-advocacy.md, pulmonary-rehabilitation-and-self-management.md
Nocturnal Oxygen Therapy Trial Group. Continuous or nocturnal oxygen in hypoxemic COPD. Ann Intern Med. 1980. PMID 6776858 — tags: [oxygen, landmark] — cited by: overview.md, oxygen-and-ventilatory-support.md
Albert RK, et al. Long-term oxygen for moderate desaturation. N Engl J Med. 2016. PMID 27783918 — tags: [oxygen, lott, landmark] — cited by: guidelines.md, overview.md, oxygen-and-ventilatory-support.md, patient-experience-and-advocacy.md, red-flags-and-safety-concerns.md
Murphy PB, et al. HOT-HMV home NIV plus oxygen. JAMA. 2017. PMID 28528348 — tags: [home-niv, landmark] — cited by: exacerbations-and-acute-care.md, overview.md, oxygen-and-ventilatory-support.md
Criner GJ, et al. LIBERATE Zephyr valve trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2018. PMID 29787288 — tags: [valve, landmark] — cited by: biomarkers-and-imaging-phenotypes.md, clinical-trials-landscape.md, emphysema-procedures-and-transplant.md, overview.md, red-flags-and-safety-concerns.md
Shah PL, et al. Lung volume reduction for emphysema. Lancet Respir Med. 2017. PMID 27693408 — tags: [lvrs, valves] — cited by: emphysema-procedures-and-transplant.md

Biologics, trials, outcomes and patient experience¶

Pavord ID, et al. Mepolizumab for eosinophilic COPD. N Engl J Med. 2017. PMID 28893134 — tags: [biologic, il5] — cited by: clinical-trials-landscape.md, inflammation-and-endotypes.md
Bhatt SP, et al. Dupilumab for COPD with type-2 inflammation. N Engl J Med. 2023. PMID 37272521 — tags: [dupilumab, landmark] — cited by: biomarkers-and-imaging-phenotypes.md, clinical-trials-landscape.md, inflammation-and-endotypes.md, overview.md
Bhatt SP, et al. Dupilumab replication in eosinophilic COPD. N Engl J Med. 2024. PMID 38767614 — tags: [dupilumab] — cited by: biomarkers-and-imaging-phenotypes.md, clinical-trials-landscape.md, inflammation-and-endotypes.md
Keam SJ. Ensifentrine: first approval. Drugs. 2024. PMID 39196510 — tags: [ensifentrine] — cited by: clinical-trials-landscape.md, stable-inhaled-therapy.md
Afroz N, et al. Patient-reported outcomes in COPD trials. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2020. PMID 32801678 — tags: [pro] — cited by: clinical-trials-landscape.md, overview.md
Woo S, et al. COPD-related Stigma Scale development. Heart Lung. 2023. PMID 37084465 — tags: [stigma] — cited by: patient-experience-and-advocacy.md
Maddocks M, et al. Palliative care and troublesome symptoms in COPD. Lancet. 2017. PMID 28872031 — tags: [palliative-care] — cited by: patient-experience-and-advocacy.md
Ekström M, et al. BEAMS morphine trial. JAMA. 2022. PMID 36413230 — tags: [breathlessness, morphine] — cited by: oxygen-and-ventilatory-support.md, patient-experience-and-advocacy.md, red-flags-and-safety-concerns.md
Halpin DMG, et al. Mortality of patients with COPD. Expert Rev Respir Med. 2024. PMID 39078244 — tags: [mortality, comorbidity] — cited by: comorbidity-and-systemic-effects.md, epidemiology-and-global-burden.md, overview.md

Additional cited records¶

Evidence-base widening pass (2026-09-02)¶

Stolz D, et al. Towards the elimination of COPD: a Lancet Commission. Lancet. 2022. PMID 36075255 — tags: [etiotypes, prevention, commission] — cited by: overview.md
Bui DS, et al. Childhood respiratory risk-factor profiles and middle-age lung function. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2018. PMID 29894209 — tags: [life-course, childhood] — cited by: overview.md
Tang Z, et al. Broadband three-dimensional impulse oscillometry in COPD. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2021. PMID 33574662 — tags: [oscillometry, diagnosis] — cited by: diagnosis-spirometry-and-case-finding.md
Kirby M, et al. Total airway count on CT and risk of COPD progression. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2018. PMID 28886252 — tags: [ct, airway-count, progression] — cited by: diagnosis-spirometry-and-case-finding.md
Adeloye D, et al. An estimate of COPD prevalence in Africa. COPD. 2015. PMID 24946179 — tags: [africa, prevalence] — cited by: epidemiology-and-global-burden.md
Allwood BW, et al. Pulmonary tuberculosis and chronic airflow obstruction. Respiration. 2013. PMID 23652030 — tags: [tuberculosis, airflow-obstruction] — cited by: epidemiology-and-global-burden.md
Wyszkiewicz PV, et al. Reduced total airway count and airway-wall tapering after three years in ex-smokers. COPD. 2023. PMID 37395048 — tags: [airway-count, longitudinal] — cited by: small-airway-disease-and-emphysema.md
Wu F, et al. Total airway count and lung-function decline in early COPD. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2021. PMID 34984001 — tags: [airway-count, early-copd] — cited by: small-airway-disease-and-emphysema.md
Wang Z, et al. Inflammatory-endotype-associated airway microbiome in COPD. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2021. PMID 33332995 — tags: [microbiome, endotype, longitudinal] — cited by: inflammation-and-endotypes.md
Meldrum OW, et al. Accelerated lung-function decline and mucus–microbe evolution in COPD. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2024. PMID 38315959 — tags: [mucus, microbiome, decline] — cited by: inflammation-and-endotypes.md
Terzikhan N, et al. Heritability and genome-wide association study of diffusing capacity. Eur Respir J. 2018. PMID 30049742 — tags: [gwas, dlco] — cited by: genetics-and-alpha-1-antitrypsin.md
van der Plaat DA, et al. FEV1/FVC GWAS in never-smokers identifies HHIP and FAM13A. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2017. PMID 27612410 — tags: [gwas, never-smoker] — cited by: genetics-and-alpha-1-antitrypsin.md
Borup H, et al. COPD and construction workers: systematic review. Occup Med (Lond). 2017. PMID 28204712 — tags: [occupation, construction] — cited by: smoking-pollution-and-occupational-risk.md
Martinez FJ, et al. Roflumilast added to ICS/LABA in RE2SPOND. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2016. PMID 27585384 — tags: [roflumilast, negative-trial] — cited by: stable-inhaled-therapy.md
Martinez FJ, et al. Determinants of response to roflumilast. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2018. PMID 29763572 — tags: [roflumilast, subgroup] — cited by: stable-inhaled-therapy.md
Vollenweider DJ, et al. Antibiotics for COPD exacerbations. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018. PMID 30371937 — tags: [antibiotics, exacerbation] — cited by: exacerbations-and-acute-care.md
Walters JA, et al. Different durations of corticosteroid therapy for COPD exacerbations. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018. PMID 29553157 — tags: [corticosteroid, duration] — cited by: exacerbations-and-acute-care.md
Jones AW, et al. Interventions to improve pulmonary-rehabilitation uptake and completion in COPD. ERJ Open Res. 2017. PMID 28154821 — tags: [rehabilitation, implementation] — cited by: pulmonary-rehabilitation-and-self-management.md
Frei A, et al. Long-term home exercise after pulmonary rehabilitation. Chest. 2022. PMID 35952766 — tags: [maintenance, exercise, randomized] — cited by: pulmonary-rehabilitation-and-self-management.md
Khor YH, et al. Post-hospitalization short-term oxygen therapy. Respir Care. 2019. PMID 30401753 — tags: [oxygen, reassessment] — cited by: oxygen-and-ventilatory-support.md
Orr JE, et al. Clinician summary: long-term NIV in stable hypercapnic COPD. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2021. PMID 33326340 — tags: [niv, guideline] — cited by: oxygen-and-ventilatory-support.md
Herth FJ, et al. Segmental thermal-vapor ablation in severe emphysema: STEP-UP. Lancet Respir Med. 2016. PMID 26899390 — tags: [vapor-ablation, randomized] — cited by: emphysema-procedures-and-transplant.md
Lahzami S, et al. Survival impact of lung transplantation for COPD. Eur Respir J. 2010. PMID 19996194 — tags: [transplant, survival] — cited by: emphysema-procedures-and-transplant.md
Wen Y, et al. Coexistence of COPD or asthma in bronchiectasis. BMC Pulm Med. 2026. PMID 42321713 — tags: [bronchiectasis, overlap] — cited by: comorbidity-and-systemic-effects.md
Marin JM, et al. Outcomes in COPD and obstructive sleep apnea: the overlap syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2010. PMID 20378728 — tags: [sleep-apnea, cpap, mortality] — cited by: comorbidity-and-systemic-effects.md
Keller TL, et al. Factors associated with outpatient COPD care quality. Chronic Obstr Pulm Dis. 2022. PMID 34915603 — tags: [guideline, implementation] — cited by: guidelines.md
Issac H, et al. Electronic interdisciplinary COPD proforma for emergency guideline adherence. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2022. PMID 35573657 — tags: [guideline, implementation, delphi] — cited by: guidelines.md
Rosenberg SR, et al. Biomarkers in COPD. Transl Res. 2012. PMID 22424427 — tags: [biomarker, validation] — cited by: biomarkers-and-imaging-phenotypes.md
Arjomandi M, et al. Phenotypes and trajectories of tobacco-exposed persons with preserved spirometry. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2025. PMID 39586032 — tags: [pre-copd, lung-volumes] — cited by: biomarkers-and-imaging-phenotypes.md
Duarte-de-Araújo AN, et al. How can COPD randomized-trial evidence apply to everyday patients? Pulmonology. 2022. PMID 32169297 — tags: [trial, generalizability] — cited by: clinical-trials-landscape.md
Umer M, et al. Underrepresentation of women in COPD pharmacologic trials. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2026. PMID 41773232 — tags: [trial, sex, representation] — cited by: clinical-trials-landscape.md
Johansson H, et al. Caregiver burden among next of kin to a person with severe COPD. Chron Respir Dis. 2023. PMID 37042067 — tags: [caregiver, qualitative] — cited by: patient-experience-and-advocacy.md
Mooren K, et al. Perspectives of oxygen-naïve COPD patients on long-term oxygen use. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2023. PMID 36883015 — tags: [oxygen, patient-experience] — cited by: patient-experience-and-advocacy.md
Jørgensen KH, et al. Risk factors for pneumothorax after endobronchial valves. Respirology. 2025. PMID 40442057 — tags: [pneumothorax, valve, safety] — cited by: red-flags-and-safety-concerns.md
Hemenway AN, et al. Evaluation of corticosteroid dose in acute COPD exacerbation. Hosp Pharm. 2017. PMID 29276287 — tags: [corticosteroid, hyperglycemia, safety] — cited by: red-flags-and-safety-concerns.md
McGarvey LP, et al. Ascertainment of cause-specific mortality in COPD: operations of the TORCH Clinical Endpoint Committee. Thorax. 2007. PMID 17311843 — tags: [mortality, adjudication] — cited by: overview.md
Vestbo J, et al. Fluticasone furoate and vilanterol and survival in COPD with heightened cardiovascular risk. Lancet. 2016. PMID 27203508 — tags: [summit, mortality] — cited by: clinical-trials-landscape.md, overview.md, stable-inhaled-therapy.md
Lai CC, et al. Single-inhaler triple versus dual therapy and mortality in COPD: systematic review and meta-analysis. Life (Basel). 2022. PMID 35207460 — tags: [triple-therapy, mortality, pneumonia] — cited by: overview.md, stable-inhaled-therapy.md
Chaiwong W, et al. Diagnostic ability of impulse oscillometry in diagnosis of COPD. COPD. 2020. PMID 33121279 — tags: [diagnosis, oscillometry] — cited by: diagnosis-spirometry-and-case-finding.md
Chen KY, et al. Impulse oscillometry and its independent role in the diagnosis of COPD. Heliyon. 2024. PMID 38187302 — tags: [diagnosis, oscillometry] — cited by: diagnosis-spirometry-and-case-finding.md
Klitgaard A, et al. Impulse oscillometry as a diagnostic test for pulmonary emphysema. J Clin Med. 2023. PMID 36836082 — tags: [diagnosis, emphysema, oscillometry] — cited by: diagnosis-spirometry-and-case-finding.md
Menezes AM, et al. Prevalence of COPD and associated factors: the PLATINO Study in São Paulo. Cad Saude Publica. 2005. PMID 16158163 — tags: [prevalence, platino] — cited by: epidemiology-and-global-burden.md
Ivey MA, et al. COPD in never-smokers: BOLD Australia Study. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2024. PMID 38249822 — tags: [never-smoker, prevalence] — cited by: epidemiology-and-global-burden.md
Horner A, et al. Altitude and COPD prevalence: PREPOCOL-PLATINO-BOLD-EPI-SCAN analysis. Respir Res. 2017. PMID 28835234 — tags: [prevalence, altitude, underdiagnosis] — cited by: epidemiology-and-global-burden.md
Basil MC, et al. Human distal airways contain a multipotent secretory cell that can regenerate alveoli. Nature. 2022. PMID 35355013 — tags: [repair, distal-airway, progenitor] — cited by: small-airway-disease-and-emphysema.md
Booth S, et al. A single-cell atlas of small-airway disease in COPD. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2023. PMID 37406359 — tags: [single-cell, terminal-bronchiole] — cited by: small-airway-disease-and-emphysema.md
Bodduluri S, et al. Airway tapering in COPD. Eur Respir J. 2024. PMID 39326917 — tags: [ct, airway-remodeling, prognosis] — cited by: small-airway-disease-and-emphysema.md
Keir HR, et al. Neutrophil extracellular traps in chronic lung disease. Eur Respir Rev. 2022. PMID 35197267 — tags: [nets, neutrophil] — cited by: inflammation-and-endotypes.md
Katsoulis O, et al. Neutrophil extracellular traps promote virus-induced COPD exacerbations. Nat Commun. 2024. PMID 38982052 — tags: [nets, virus, exacerbation] — cited by: inflammation-and-endotypes.md
Wang L, et al. The bidirectional gut–lung axis in COPD. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2023. PMID 36883945 — tags: [microbiome, gut-lung] — cited by: inflammation-and-endotypes.md
Shrine N, et al. Multi-ancestry genome-wide association analyses of lung function and COPD risk. Nat Genet. 2023. PMID 36914875 — tags: [gwas, ancestry] — cited by: genetics-and-alpha-1-antitrypsin.md
Higbee DH, et al. Genome-wide association study of preserved-ratio impaired spirometry. Eur Respir J. 2024. PMID 38097206 — tags: [gwas, prism] — cited by: genetics-and-alpha-1-antitrypsin.md
Gøtzsche PC, et al. Intravenous alpha-1 antitrypsin augmentation therapy for AATD lung disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016. PMID 27644166 — tags: [aatd, augmentation, controversy] — cited by: genetics-and-alpha-1-antitrypsin.md Superseded as the current Cochrane synthesis by Glaister 2026 (PMID 42626936).
Li MH, et al. Short-term ambient fine particulate matter exposure, COPD hospitalizations and mortality. Chest. 2016. PMID 26111257 — tags: [pm2.5, hospitalization, mortality] — cited by: smoking-pollution-and-occupational-risk.md
Sadhra S, et al. Occupational COPD and job-exposure matrices. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2017. PMID 28260879 — tags: [occupation, exposure-assessment] — cited by: smoking-pollution-and-occupational-risk.md
Chen P, et al. Secondhand-smoke exposure and COPD risk. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2023. PMID 37309392 — tags: [secondhand-smoke, risk] — cited by: smoking-pollution-and-occupational-risk.md
Chalmers JD, et al. Withdrawal of inhaled corticosteroids in COPD: an ERS guideline. Eur Respir J. 2020. PMID 32366483 — tags: [guideline, ics-withdrawal] — cited by: guidelines.md, stable-inhaled-therapy.md
Mathioudakis AG, et al. Procalcitonin to guide antibiotic administration in COPD exacerbations. Eur Respir Rev. 2017. PMID 28143877 — tags: [procalcitonin, antibiotics] — cited by: exacerbations-and-acute-care.md
van Velzen P, et al. Doxycycline for outpatient-treated COPD exacerbations. Lancet Respir Med. 2017. PMID 28483402 — tags: [antibiotic, negative-trial] — cited by: clinical-trials-landscape.md, exacerbations-and-acute-care.md
Waeijen-Smit K, et al. Global mortality and readmission after COPD exacerbation hospitalization. ERJ Open Res. 2024. PMID 38410700 — tags: [exacerbation, mortality, readmission] — cited by: exacerbations-and-acute-care.md
Cox NS, et al. Telerehabilitation for chronic respiratory disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021. PMID 33511633 — tags: [telerehabilitation, completion] — cited by: pulmonary-rehabilitation-and-self-management.md
Michaelchuk W, et al. Home-based telehealth pulmonary rehabilitation in COPD. Int J Med Inform. 2022. PMID 35395474 — tags: [telerehabilitation, equity] — cited by: pulmonary-rehabilitation-and-self-management.md
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Deepening additions — 2026-08-30¶

Epidemiology, diagnosis and life course¶

Buist AS, et al. International variation in the prevalence of COPD (the BOLD Study): a population-based prevalence study. Lancet. 2007. PMID 17765523 — tags: [prevalence, bold, spirometry] — cited by: diagnosis-spirometry-and-case-finding.md, epidemiology-and-global-burden.md, overview.md, smoking-pollution-and-occupational-risk.md
Menezes AM, et al. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in five Latin American cities (the PLATINO study): a prevalence study. Lancet. 2005. PMID 16310554 — tags: [prevalence, platino, latin-america] — cited by: epidemiology-and-global-burden.md, smoking-pollution-and-occupational-risk.md
Lange P, et al. Lung-function trajectories leading to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. N Engl J Med. 2015. PMID 26154786 — tags: [life-course, trajectory, landmark] — cited by: diagnosis-spirometry-and-case-finding.md, epidemiology-and-global-burden.md, genetics-and-alpha-1-antitrypsin.md, overview.md, smoking-pollution-and-occupational-risk.md
Marott JL, et al. Lung function trajectories leading to COPD as predictors of exacerbations and mortality. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2020. PMID 32289231 — tags: [trajectory, prognosis] — cited by: biomarkers-and-imaging-phenotypes.md, diagnosis-spirometry-and-case-finding.md, epidemiology-and-global-burden.md, overview.md, smoking-pollution-and-occupational-risk.md
Wang Y, et al. Predicted lower limit of normal reduces misclassification risk of airflow limitation in asymptomatic elderly never-smokers. Chin Med J. 2013. PMID 24034095 — tags: [spirometry, lln, misclassification] — cited by: diagnosis-spirometry-and-case-finding.md, guidelines.md, overview.md
US Preventive Services Task Force. Screening for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: recommendation statement. JAMA. 2016. PMID 27046365 — tags: [screening, guideline] — cited by: not currently cited by a wiki page (retained for provenance)
US Preventive Services Task Force. Screening for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: reaffirmation recommendation statement. JAMA. 2022. PMID 35536260 — tags: [screening, guideline] — cited by: diagnosis-spirometry-and-case-finding.md, guidelines.md
Blanc PD, et al. The occupational burden of nonmalignant respiratory diseases: an official ATS/ERS statement. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2019. PMID 31149852 — tags: [occupation, attributable-risk, statement] — cited by: epidemiology-and-global-burden.md, smoking-pollution-and-occupational-risk.md
Frazer K, et al. Legislative smoking bans for reducing harms from secondhand smoke exposure, smoking prevalence and tobacco consumption. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016. PMID 26842828 — tags: [secondhand-smoke, policy, prevention] — cited by: smoking-pollution-and-occupational-risk.md

Structure, inflammation, biomarkers and genetics¶

McDonough JE, et al. Small-airway obstruction and emphysema in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. N Engl J Med. 2011. PMID 22029978 — tags: [terminal-bronchioles, micro-ct, landmark] — cited by: biomarkers-and-imaging-phenotypes.md, diagnosis-spirometry-and-case-finding.md, overview.md, small-airway-disease-and-emphysema.md, smoking-pollution-and-occupational-risk.md
Diaz AA, et al. Airway-occluding mucus plugs and mortality in patients with COPD. JAMA. 2023. PMID 37210745 — tags: [mucus-plugs, ct, mortality] — cited by: biomarkers-and-imaging-phenotypes.md, inflammation-and-endotypes.md, small-airway-disease-and-emphysema.md
Radicioni G, et al. Airway mucin MUC5AC and MUC5B concentrations and the initiation and progression of COPD: SPIROMICS. Lancet Respir Med. 2021. PMID 34058148 — tags: [mucins, mucus, spiromics] — cited by: small-airway-disease-and-emphysema.md
Agustí A, et al. Persistent systemic inflammation is associated with poor clinical outcomes in COPD: a novel phenotype. PLoS One. 2012. PMID 22624038 — tags: [systemic-inflammation, eclipse, prognosis] — cited by: biomarkers-and-imaging-phenotypes.md, comorbidity-and-systemic-effects.md, inflammation-and-endotypes.md, overview.md
Celli B, et al. Markers of disease activity in COPD: an 8-year mortality study in the ECLIPSE cohort. Eur Respir J. 2021. PMID 33303557 — tags: [eclipse, disease-activity, mortality] — cited by: inflammation-and-endotypes.md
Cho MH, et al. Risk loci for COPD: a genome-wide association study and meta-analysis. Lancet Respir Med. 2014. PMID 24621683 — tags: [gwas, genetics] — cited by: genetics-and-alpha-1-antitrypsin.md
Ragland MF, et al. Genetic advances in COPD: insights from COPDGene. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2019. PMID 30908940 — tags: [genetics, copdgene] — cited by: genetics-and-alpha-1-antitrypsin.md
Fuehner T, et al. Lung transplantation after endoscopic lung volume reduction. Respiration. 2015. PMID 26138023 — tags: [transplant, valves] — cited by: emphysema-procedures-and-transplant.md
van de Bool C, et al. Targeted nutrition as adjunct to exercise training in COPD. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2017. PMID 28608438 — tags: [nutrition, rehabilitation, sarcopenia] — cited by: comorbidity-and-systemic-effects.md
Joksaitė S, et al. Single- versus multiple-inhaler triple-therapy adherence and persistence in COPD. BMJ Open. 2024. PMID 39632104 — tags: [adherence, inhalers] — cited by: stable-inhaled-therapy.md
Miravitlles M, et al. Spanish COPD Guidelines (GesEPOC) 2021: updated pharmacological treatment of stable COPD. Arch Bronconeumol. 2022. PMID 33840553 — tags: [guideline, Spain, pharmacotherapy] — cited by: not currently cited by a wiki page (retained for provenance)
Soler-Cataluña JJ, et al. Spanish COPD Guidelines (GesEPOC) 2021 update: diagnosis and treatment of COPD exacerbation syndrome. Arch Bronconeumol. 2022. PMID 34172340 — tags: [guideline, Spain, exacerbation] — cited by: not currently cited by a wiki page (retained for provenance)
Buttery S, et al. Lung volume reduction surgery versus endobronchial valves: a randomised controlled trial. Eur Respir J. 2023. PMID 36796833 — tags: [valves, lvrs, comparative-effectiveness] — cited by: emphysema-procedures-and-transplant.md
Chapman KR, et al. Intravenous augmentation treatment and lung density in severe alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (RAPID). Lancet. 2015. PMID 26026936 — tags: [aatd, augmentation, ct-density, landmark] — cited by: genetics-and-alpha-1-antitrypsin.md

Stable treatment, exacerbations and rehabilitation¶

Tashkin DP, et al. A 4-year trial of tiotropium in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. N Engl J Med. 2008. PMID 18836213 — tags: [tiotropium, uplift, landmark] — cited by: overview.md, stable-inhaled-therapy.md
Vogelmeier C, et al. Tiotropium versus salmeterol for the prevention of exacerbations of COPD. N Engl J Med. 2011. PMID 21428765 — tags: [poet-copd, exacerbation, bronchodilator] — cited by: stable-inhaled-therapy.md
Magnussen H, et al. Withdrawal of inhaled glucocorticoids and exacerbations of COPD. N Engl J Med. 2014. PMID 25196117 — tags: [wisdom, ics-withdrawal] — cited by: guidelines.md, overview.md, stable-inhaled-therapy.md
Leuppi JD, et al. Short-term versus conventional glucocorticoid therapy in acute COPD exacerbations: REDUCE. JAMA. 2013. PMID 23695200 — tags: [acute-steroids, duration, landmark] — cited by: exacerbations-and-acute-care.md, guidelines.md, overview.md, red-flags-and-safety-concerns.md
Sivapalan P, et al. Eosinophil-guided corticosteroid therapy in hospitalized COPD exacerbations: CORTICO-COP. Lancet Respir Med. 2019. PMID 31122894 — tags: [acute-steroids, eosinophils, biomarker] — cited by: biomarkers-and-imaging-phenotypes.md, exacerbations-and-acute-care.md, inflammation-and-endotypes.md
Anzueto A, et al. Ensifentrine in COPD: randomized phase III ENHANCE trials. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2023. PMID 37364283 — tags: [ensifentrine, pde3-4, phase-3] — cited by: clinical-trials-landscape.md, guidelines.md, stable-inhaled-therapy.md
Holland AE, et al. Home-based rehabilitation for COPD using minimal resources: a randomized controlled equivalence trial. Thorax. 2017. PMID 27672116 — tags: [pulmonary-rehabilitation, home, equivalence] — cited by: guidelines.md, overview.md, patient-experience-and-advocacy.md, pulmonary-rehabilitation-and-self-management.md
Bourbeau J, et al. Reduction of hospital utilization in COPD: a disease-specific self-management intervention. Arch Intern Med. 2003. PMID 12622605 — tags: [self-management, hospitalization] — cited by: patient-experience-and-advocacy.md, pulmonary-rehabilitation-and-self-management.md

Oxygen, ventilation and procedures¶

MRC Working Party. Long-term domiciliary oxygen therapy in chronic hypoxic cor pulmonale complicating chronic bronchitis and emphysema. Lancet. 1981. PMID 6110912 — tags: [oxygen, survival, landmark] — cited by: oxygen-and-ventilatory-support.md, red-flags-and-safety-concerns.md
Köhnlein T, et al. Non-invasive positive-pressure ventilation for severe stable COPD: a randomized trial. Lancet Respir Med. 2014. PMID 25066329 — tags: [home-niv, hypercapnia, survival] — cited by: guidelines.md, overview.md, oxygen-and-ventilatory-support.md, patient-experience-and-advocacy.md, red-flags-and-safety-concerns.md
Fishman A, et al. A randomized trial comparing lung-volume-reduction surgery with medical therapy for severe emphysema. N Engl J Med. 2003. PMID 12759479 — tags: [nett, lvrs, landmark] — cited by: emphysema-procedures-and-transplant.md
Kemp SV, et al. A multicenter randomized trial of Zephyr endobronchial-valve treatment in heterogeneous emphysema (TRANSFORM). Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2017. PMID 28885054 — tags: [valves, transform, pneumothorax] — cited by: biomarkers-and-imaging-phenotypes.md, clinical-trials-landscape.md, emphysema-procedures-and-transplant.md, patient-experience-and-advocacy.md, red-flags-and-safety-concerns.md, small-airway-disease-and-emphysema.md
Perch M, et al. ISHLT thirty-ninth adult lung-transplantation report: focus on COPD. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2022. PMID 36050206 — tags: [transplant, registry] — cited by: emphysema-procedures-and-transplant.md

Comorbidity, outcomes and patient experience¶

Celli BR, et al. The body-mass index, airflow obstruction, dyspnea, and exercise capacity index in COPD. N Engl J Med. 2004. PMID 14999112 — tags: [bode, prognosis, landmark] — cited by: biomarkers-and-imaging-phenotypes.md, comorbidity-and-systemic-effects.md, emphysema-procedures-and-transplant.md, patient-experience-and-advocacy.md, pulmonary-rehabilitation-and-self-management.md
Divo M, et al. Comorbidities and risk of mortality in patients with COPD. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2012. PMID 22561964 — tags: [cote, comorbidity, mortality] — cited by: comorbidity-and-systemic-effects.md
Kunisaki KM, et al. Exacerbations of COPD and cardiac events: a SUMMIT analysis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2018. PMID 29442524 — tags: [cardiovascular, exacerbation, summit] — cited by: clinical-trials-landscape.md, comorbidity-and-systemic-effects.md, exacerbations-and-acute-care.md, red-flags-and-safety-concerns.md
Chen YW, et al. Prevalence and risk factors for osteoporosis in individuals with COPD: systematic review and meta-analysis. Chest. 2019. PMID 31352034 — tags: [osteoporosis, meta-analysis] — cited by: comorbidity-and-systemic-effects.md, red-flags-and-safety-concerns.md
Hanlon P, et al. Frailty in COPD: prevalence, trajectories and clinical outcomes. NPJ Prim Care Respir Med. 2023. PMID 36604427 — tags: [frailty, meta-analysis] — cited by: not currently cited by a wiki page (retained for provenance)
Wang L, et al. Prevalence and clinical impact of frailty in COPD: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Pulm Med. 2023. PMID 37173728 — tags: [frailty, mortality, meta-analysis] — cited by: biomarkers-and-imaging-phenotypes.md, comorbidity-and-systemic-effects.md, patient-experience-and-advocacy.md, pulmonary-rehabilitation-and-self-management.md
Bekelman DB, et al. Nurse and social-worker palliative telecare and quality of life in COPD, heart failure or interstitial lung disease: ADAPT. JAMA. 2024. PMID 38227034 — tags: [palliative-care, telecare, quality-of-life] — cited by: oxygen-and-ventilatory-support.md, patient-experience-and-advocacy.md

Contemporary biologics¶

Criner GJ, et al. Benralizumab for the prevention of COPD exacerbations. N Engl J Med. 2019. PMID 31112385 — tags: [benralizumab, il5r, negative-trial] — cited by: biomarkers-and-imaging-phenotypes.md, clinical-trials-landscape.md, guidelines.md, inflammation-and-endotypes.md, overview.md
Singh D, et al. Tezepelumab versus placebo in moderate-to-very-severe COPD (COURSE): phase 2a trial. Lancet Respir Med. 2025. PMID 39653044 — tags: [tezepelumab, tslp, course] — cited by: clinical-trials-landscape.md, inflammation-and-endotypes.md
Sciurba FC, et al. Mepolizumab to prevent exacerbations of COPD with an eosinophilic phenotype. N Engl J Med. 2025. PMID 40305712 — tags: [mepolizumab, matinee, phase-3] — cited by: biomarkers-and-imaging-phenotypes.md, clinical-trials-landscape.md, guidelines.md, inflammation-and-endotypes.md, overview.md

Evidence-base widening additions — 2026-09-02¶

Diagnosis, epidemiology and disease framing¶

Aaron SD, et al. Early Diagnosis and Treatment of COPD and Asthma - A Randomized, Controlled Trial. N Engl J Med. 2024;390:2061-2073. PMID 38767248 — tags: [case-finding, randomized, early-diagnosis] — cited by: diagnosis-spirometry-and-case-finding.md, overview.md
Bhatt SP, et al. Discriminative Accuracy of FEV1:FVC Thresholds for COPD-Related Hospitalization and Mortality. JAMA. 2019;321:2438-2447. PMID 31237643 — tags: [spirometry, fixed-ratio, outcomes] — cited by: diagnosis-spirometry-and-case-finding.md
Zhong N, et al. Prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in China: a large, population-based survey. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2007;176:753-760. PMID 17575095 — tags: [prevalence, China, spirometry] — cited by: epidemiology-and-global-burden.md
Zatloukal J, et al. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease - diagnosis and management of stable disease; a personalized approach to care, using the treatable traits concept based on clinical phenotypes. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2020;164:325-356. PMID 33325455 — tags: [guideline, Czechia, treatable-traits] — cited by: guidelines.md, overview.md

Structure, inflammation, genetics and biomarkers¶

Vasilescu DM, et al. Noninvasive Imaging Biomarker Identifies Small Airway Damage in Severe Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2019;200:575-581. PMID 30794432 — tags: [small-airways, prm, tissue-validation] — cited by: small-airway-disease-and-emphysema.md
Wang JM, et al. Topologic Parametric Response Mapping Identifies Tissue Subtypes Associated with Emphysema Progression. Acad Radiol. 2024;31:1148-1159. PMID 37661554 — tags: [prm, emphysema-progression, copdgene] — cited by: small-airway-disease-and-emphysema.md
Bouquet J, et al. Microbial burden and viral exacerbations in a longitudinal multicenter COPD cohort. Respir Res. 2020;21:77. PMID 32228581 — tags: [microbiome, virus, exacerbation] — cited by: inflammation-and-endotypes.md
Dicker AJ, et al. The sputum microbiome, airway inflammation, and mortality in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2021;147:158-167. PMID 32353489 — tags: [microbiome, proteobacteria, mortality] — cited by: inflammation-and-endotypes.md
Parker MM, et al. Identification of an emphysema-associated genetic variant near TGFB2 with regulatory effects in lung fibroblasts. eLife. 2019;8:e42720. PMID 31343404 — tags: [genetics, tgfb2, functional-variant] — cited by: genetics-and-alpha-1-antitrypsin.md
Zuur-Telgen MC, et al. Predicting Mortality in COPD with Validated and Sensitive Biomarkers; Fibrinogen and Mid-Range-Proadrenomedullin. COPD. 2021;18:643-649. PMID 34886719 — tags: [fibrinogen, mr-proadm, prediction] — cited by: biomarkers-and-imaging-phenotypes.md
Oelsner EC, et al. Prognostic Significance of Large Airway Dimensions on Computed Tomography in the General Population: The MESA Lung Study. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2018;15:718-727. PMID 29529382 — tags: [ct, pi10, prognosis] — cited by: biomarkers-and-imaging-phenotypes.md

Exposures and stable or acute treatment¶

Ryu JY, et al. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Vapors, Gases, Dusts, or Fumes: A Meta-analysis. COPD. 2015;12:374-380. PMID 25255043 — tags: [occupation, vgdf, meta-analysis] — cited by: smoking-pollution-and-occupational-risk.md
Ye Q, et al. Joint effects of air pollution and diet patterns on the risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Sci Rep. 2025;15:13939. PMID 40263431 — tags: [air-pollution, diet, incidence] — cited by: smoking-pollution-and-occupational-risk.md
Halpin DMG, et al. Systematic review of the effects of patient errors using inhaled delivery systems on clinical outcomes in COPD. BMJ Open Respir Res. 2024;11:e002211. PMID 38626929 — tags: [inhaler, technique, adherence] — cited by: stable-inhaled-therapy.md
Chen H, et al. Association of Inhaled Corticosteroids With All-Cause Mortality Risk in Patients With COPD: A Meta-analysis of 60 Randomized Controlled Trials. Chest. 2023;163:100-114. PMID 35921883 — tags: [ics, mortality, meta-analysis] — cited by: stable-inhaled-therapy.md
Singh JM, et al. Corticosteroid therapy for patients with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review. Arch Intern Med. 2002;162:2527-2536. PMID 12456224 — tags: [exacerbation, systemic-steroids, historical-evidence] — cited by: exacerbations-and-acute-care.md
Ryrsø CK, et al. Lower mortality after early supervised pulmonary rehabilitation following COPD exacerbations: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Pulm Med. 2018;18:154. PMID 30219047 — tags: [rehabilitation, post-exacerbation, mortality] — cited by: pulmonary-rehabilitation-and-self-management.md
Eaton T, et al. Ambulatory oxygen improves quality of life of COPD patients: a randomised controlled study. Eur Respir J. 2002;20:306-312. PMID 12212960 — tags: [ambulatory-oxygen, quality-of-life, acceptability] — cited by: oxygen-and-ventilatory-support.md

Procedures, comorbidity and implementation¶

Gompelmann D, et al. Lung Volume Reduction with Vapor Ablation in the Presence of Incomplete Fissures: 12-Month Results from STEP-UP. Respiration. 2016;92:397-403. PMID 27838692 — tags: [vapor-ablation, collateral-ventilation, step-up] — cited by: emphysema-procedures-and-transplant.md
Sciurba FC, et al. Effect of Endobronchial Coils vs Usual Care on Exercise Tolerance in Patients With Severe Emphysema: The RENEW Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2016;315:2178-2189. PMID 27179849 — tags: [coils, renew, randomized] — cited by: emphysema-procedures-and-transplant.md
Dransfield MT, et al. Metoprolol for the Prevention of Acute Exacerbations of COPD. N Engl J Med. 2019;381:2304-2314. PMID 31633896 — tags: [beta-blocker, exacerbation, negative-trial] — cited by: comorbidity-and-systemic-effects.md
González J, et al. Impact of obstructive lung disease/emphysema on lung-cancer mortality risk in screening programs: an analysis of NLST and P-IELCAP. Arch Bronconeumol. 2024;60:559-564. PMID 38825431 — tags: [lung-cancer, screening, prognosis] — cited by: comorbidity-and-systemic-effects.md
Tzouvelekis A, et al. Real World Study on the Reasons for Escalation or De-Escalation of Inhaled Therapies in COPD: STEPINCOPD. COPD. 2024;21:2427755. PMID 39560105 — tags: [guideline, implementation, inhaled-therapy] — cited by: guidelines.md

Trial landscape, safety and patient experience¶

Rabe KF, et al. Safety and efficacy of itepekimab in moderate-to-severe COPD: a genetic association study and randomized phase 2a trial. Lancet Respir Med. 2021;9:1288-1298. PMID 34302758 — tags: [itepekimab, il33, negative-trial] — cited by: clinical-trials-landscape.md
Yousuf AJ, et al. Astegolimab, an anti-ST2, in COPD: a phase 2a placebo-controlled trial. Lancet Respir Med. 2022;10:469-477. PMID 35339234 — tags: [astegolimab, st2, negative-trial] — cited by: clinical-trials-landscape.md
Tavares N, et al. Patient-Centered Discussions About Disease Progression, Symptom, and Treatment Burden in COPD: A Multimethod Approach. J Palliat Med. 2023;26:353-359. PMID 36251863 — tags: [patient-experience, communication, palliative-care] — cited by: patient-experience-and-advocacy.md
Svedsater H, et al. Life Impact and Treatment Preferences of Individuals with Asthma and COPD: Qualitative Interviews and Focus Groups. Adv Ther. 2017;34:1466-1481. PMID 28536998 — tags: [patient-experience, stigma, treatment-goals] — cited by: patient-experience-and-advocacy.md
Han W, et al. Prevalence of Pulmonary Embolism and Deep Venous Thromboembolism in Acute COPD Exacerbation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2022;9:732855. PMID 35355978 — tags: [pulmonary-embolism, dvt, acute-care] — cited by: red-flags-and-safety-concerns.md
Pavasini R, et al. Cardiac troponin elevation predicts all-cause mortality in acute COPD exacerbation: systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Cardiol. 2015;191:187-193. PMID 25965630 — tags: [troponin, mortality, acute-care] — cited by: red-flags-and-safety-concerns.md

Independent-audit additions — 2026-09-02¶

Records added by the independent audit to replace stale absence statements with positively-stated evidence. Each was retrieved live from PubMed E-utilities during that audit.

Novel nicotine exposure¶

Shabil M, et al. Association of electronic cigarette use and risk of COPD: a systematic review and meta-analysis. NPJ Prim Care Respir Med. 2025;35:31. PMID 40624045 — tags: [e-cigarette, exposure, meta-analysis] — cited by: smoking-pollution-and-occupational-risk.md
Song C, et al. The impact of electronic cigarette use on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Respir Med. 2025;239:107985. PMID 39921069 — tags: [e-cigarette, exposure, meta-analysis] — cited by: smoking-pollution-and-occupational-risk.md
Spicuzza L, et al. Reassessing the link between e-cigarette use and COPD: addressing critical methodological and conceptual flaws. NPJ Prim Care Respir Med. 2025;35:48. PMID 41188266 — tags: [e-cigarette, confounding, critique] — cited by: smoking-pollution-and-occupational-risk.md

Safety, comorbidity and implementation¶

Mai V, et al. Derivation and validation of a COPD-specific pulmonary embolism diagnostic strategy. Thromb Haemost. 2026;126:509-517. PMID 40639822 — tags: [pulmonary-embolism, diagnostic-strategy, red-flags] — cited by: red-flags-and-safety-concerns.md
Tse G, et al. A long-term study of adverse outcomes associated with oral corticosteroid use in COPD. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2023;18:2565-2580. PMID 38022830 — tags: [corticosteroid, cumulative-dose, safety] — cited by: red-flags-and-safety-concerns.md
Hohlfeld JM, et al. Effect of lung deflation with indacaterol plus glycopyrronium on ventricular filling in patients with hyperinflation and COPD (CLAIM): a double-blind, randomised, crossover, placebo-controlled, single-centre trial. Lancet Respir Med. 2018;6:368-378. PMID 29477448 — tags: [hyperinflation, cardiac, mechanism] — cited by: comorbidity-and-systemic-effects.md
Mathioudakis AG, et al. ERS statement: a core outcome set for clinical trials evaluating the management of COPD exacerbations. Eur Respir J. 2022;59:2102006. PMID 34649975 — tags: [outcomes, guideline, core-outcome-set] — cited by: guidelines.md

Periodic sweep additions — 2026-10-20¶

Window: publications dated 2026-08-28 to 2026-10-20, plus five earlier records the build missed (Shah 2025, Halpin 2026, Papi 2026, Glaister 2026, Burney 2026). Every record below was fetched live from PubMed this session. None carries a PubMed Retracted Publication or Expression of Concern type, and none has a Crossref updated-by entry. Unaudited until the independent audit runs.

Biologics and trials¶

Sciurba FC, et al. Tozorakimab to prevent COPD exacerbations. N Engl J Med. 2026. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2606998. PMID 42708515 — tags: [IL-33, tozorakimab, phase-3, OBERON, TITANIA] — cited by: clinical-trials-landscape.md, guidelines.md
Papi A, et al. Safety and efficacy of astegolimab for COPD with frequent exacerbations regardless of baseline blood eosinophil counts (ALIENTO and ARNASA): randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2b and 3 trials. Lancet. 2026;407:2027-2039. PMID 42150581 — tags: [ST2, astegolimab, phase-3] — cited by: clinical-trials-landscape.md
Wedzicha JA, et al. Astegolimab for COPD with frequent exacerbations: pooled analysis of the ALIENTO and ARNASA trials. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2026;212:2050-2060. PMID 42148875 — tags: [ST2, astegolimab, pooled-analysis] — cited by: clinical-trials-landscape.md
Bhatt SP, et al. Dupilumab in COPD: a pooled analysis of emergency department visits, hospital admissions, and systemic corticosteroid use. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2026;212:2011-2021. PMID 42153327 — tags: [dupilumab, hospitalization, steroid-exposure] — cited by: clinical-trials-landscape.md
Criner GJ, et al. Mepolizumab efficacy in COPD: insights from longitudinal patterns of blood eosinophil counts and their variability across 3 clinical trials. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2026;212:2022-2035. PMID 42265988 — tags: [mepolizumab, eosinophil-variability] — cited by: clinical-trials-landscape.md

Genetics, comorbidity and diagnosis¶

Glaister P, et al. Alpha 1 antitrypsin augmentation therapy for alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency-associated lung disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2026;8:CD015930. PMID 42626936 — tags: [AATD, augmentation, Cochrane, supersedes-27644166] — cited by: genetics-and-alpha-1-antitrypsin.md
Sundh J, et al. Metoprolol in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease without cardiovascular disease. NEJM Evid. 2026;5(10):EVIDoa2600231. PMID 42701865 — tags: [beta-blocker, pragmatic-RCT, NCT03566667] — cited by: comorbidity-and-systemic-effects.md, guidelines.md
Halpin DMG, et al. Joint statement from GOLD/GLI regarding the use of spirometry to define airflow obstruction and diagnose COPD. Eur Respir J. 2026;67. PMID 41748283 — tags: [spirometry, fixed-ratio, LLN, position-statement] — cited by: diagnosis-spirometry-and-case-finding.md, guidelines.md
Burney P, et al. The use of spirometry to define airflow obstruction and diagnose COPD. Eur Respir J. 2026;68. PMID 42562597 — tags: [spirometry, global-south, letter] — cited by: diagnosis-spirometry-and-case-finding.md, guidelines.md
Pu J, et al. Associations of mucus plug with prognosis in COPD: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Chest. 2026;170:1074-1084. PMID 42097456 — tags: [mucus-plugs, prognosis, meta-analysis] — cited by: biomarkers-and-imaging-phenotypes.md

Procedures, acute care and oxygen¶

Shah PL, et al. Randomized sham-controlled trial of targeted lung denervation in patients with COPD (AIRFLOW-3). Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2025;211:2318-2329. PMID 40920914 — tags: [targeted-lung-denervation, sham-controlled, negative-primary] — cited by: emphysema-procedures-and-transplant.md
Criner GJ, et al. Metered-dose liquid nitrogen cryospray for chronic bronchitis: results from the prospective, sham-controlled trial (SPRAY-CB). Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2026. PMID 42768446 — tags: [cryospray, chronic-bronchitis, sham-controlled] — cited by: emphysema-procedures-and-transplant.md
Mari PV, et al. Peri-procedural vs. post-procedural mortality after endobronchial valve treatment for severe emphysema: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Expert Rev Med Devices. 2026;23:1105-1113. PMID 42500855 — tags: [valves, mortality, meta-analysis] — cited by: emphysema-procedures-and-transplant.md
Buttery SC, et al. Establishing the top 10 research priorities for lung volume reduction treatment for people with COPD. Thorax. 2026. PMID 42248680 — tags: [priority-setting, patient-involvement, LVR] — cited by: emphysema-procedures-and-transplant.md
Karagiannidis C, et al. Extracorporeal CO2 elimination for acute exacerbation of severe COPD requiring invasive mechanical ventilation: a randomized controlled trial (the X-COPD trial). Crit Care. 2026;30:458. PMID 42693471 — tags: [ECCO2R, invasive-ventilation, terminated-early] — cited by: exacerbations-and-acute-care.md
Lichtblau M, et al. Portable low-flow nasal oxygen versus ambient air in patients with chronic lung disease and exercise-induced hypoxaemia: a randomised controlled crossover non-inferiority trial. BMJ Open Respir Res. 2026;13. PMID 42767802 — tags: [ambulatory-oxygen, exertional-desaturation, crossover-RCT] — cited by: oxygen-and-ventilatory-support.md
Craddock K, et al. AARC clinical practice guideline: adult patients transitioning from the hospital on oxygen. Respir Care. 2026;71:1156-1169. PMID 42713935 — tags: [guideline, LTOT, transitions] — cited by: oxygen-and-ventilatory-support.md

Guidelines and statistics¶

Sugiura H, et al. The JRS guideline for the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 7th edition 2026. Respir Investig. 2026;64:101482. PMID 42447589 — tags: [guideline, Japan] — cited by: guidelines.md
GBD 2023 US Chronic Respiratory Disease Collaborators. State-level burden of chronic respiratory diseases in the USA, 1990-2023, with forecasts to 2050: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023. Lancet Respir Med. 2026. PMID 42753772 — tags: [GBD, USA, burden, forecast] — cited by: (statistics/STATISTICS.md only)
Ma J, et al. Generational changes in lung function in adults from several world regions: results from the Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease study. Thorax. 2026. PMID 42760129 — tags: [BOLD, birth-cohort, lung-function] — cited by: (statistics/STATISTICS.md only)

Bibliography only (no wiki claim)¶

Galmiche S, et al. Influenza vaccine effectiveness in patients with COPD: a cohort study emulating a randomised trial. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2026. PMID 42731630 — tags: [influenza-vaccine, target-trial-emulation, negative-control]. Hospitalised-influenza HR was 0.61 (0.48–0.77), but urinary tract infection, the negative control, also fell (HR 0.83), signalling residual confounding. Kept as a methods caution.
Liu J, et al. FEF25-75% trajectories from age 7 to 53 years, associations with childhood and parental preconception factors, and midlife COPD risk: a prospective cohort study. Lancet Respir Med. 2026;14:809-819. PMID 42480573 — tags: [small-airways, life-course, trajectories]. Its adjusted ORs (112 for the persistently low trajectory) are flagged by the authors as possibly inflated; a candidate for OQ-19/OQ-31 at the next deepening pass.

2026-10-27 periodic sweep — additions pending independent audit¶

Liao KM, et al. Comparative Real-World Effectiveness of Dupilumab, Mepolizumab, and Benralizumab in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Propensity Score-Matched Cohort Study. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2026;20:647256. PMID 42928777 — tags: [biologics, comparative-effectiveness, observational] — cited by: clinical-trials-landscape.md
Vijaykumar E, et al. CONQUEST-ADVANCE: Achieving proDuctiVe implementAtioN of CONQUEST Quality Standards in COPD Care. Pragmat Obs Res. 2026;17:601059. PMID 42928880 — tags: [implementation, quality-indicators, observational] — cited by: guidelines.md
Schmidt-Stiedenroth K, et al. Needs among persons with advanced COPD and their informal caregivers: a multi-perspective qualitative study focusing on the potential role of palliative care. BMC Pulm Med. 2026;26(1):484. PMID 42897575 — tags: [patient-experience, caregivers, palliative-care, qualitative] — cited by: patient-experience-and-advocacy.md
Sandberg J, et al. Effect of l-menthol on breathlessness and exercise endurance in COPD: a randomised crossover trial. ERJ Open Res. 2026;12(5):00495-2026. PMID 42899053 — tags: [breathlessness, menthol, crossover-trial] — cited by: none; bibliography-only, small short-term study; no durable exercise benefit established
Barjaktarevic I, et al. Comparison of Nebulized Long-Acting Muscarinic Antagonist Revefenacin to Ipratropium in COPD Patients With Acute Respiratory Failure Requiring Mechanical Ventilation: Results of the RARICO Study. Chronic Obstr Pulm Dis. 2026. PMID 42905895 — tags: [acute-care, revefenacin, pilot-trial] — cited by: none; bibliography-only, feasibility pilot; no efficacy recommendation