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Bibliography¶

All PMIDs below were returned by live PubMed E-utilities searches or fetches on 2026-09-02, and every one was re-fetched and re-verified during the independent audit on the same date. “Cited by” records current condition-local use; repeated papers are listed once. Entries marked [deepening pass 2026-09-02] were added during the 2026-09-02 depth pass, in which every page was re-searched and widened; all their PMIDs come from live E-utilities queries in that session. Entries marked [audit 2026-09-02] were added by the auditor from live searches that closed a stale absence or replaced a mischaracterized citation.

Overview, epidemiology and diagnosis¶

Brieva-Toloza AV, et al. Let's get aligned! Developing a core outcome set for clinical trials in eating disorders. Eur Eat Disord Rev. 2024;32:652-661. PMID 38389169 — tags: [outcomes, systematic-review] — cited by: patient-experience-and-advocacy.md, OPEN-QUESTIONS.md [audit 2026-09-02]
Arcelus J, et al. Mortality rates in patients with anorexia nervosa and other eating disorders: a meta-analysis of 36 studies. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2011;68:724-731. PMID 21727255 — tags: [mortality, meta-analysis] — cited by: overview.md, mortality-and-long-term-outcome.md, red-flags-and-safety-concerns.md
Solmi M, et al. Outcomes in people with eating disorders: a systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression. World Psychiatry. 2024. PMID 38214616 — tags: [outcome, recovery] — cited by: overview.md, mortality-and-long-term-outcome.md, clinical-trials-landscape.md
Silén Y, Keski-Rahkonen A. Worldwide prevalence of DSM-5 eating disorders among young people. Curr Opin Psychiatry. 2022. PMID 36125216 — tags: [prevalence, youth] — cited by: epidemiology-and-incidence.md
Udo T, Grilo CM. Prevalence and correlates of DSM-5-defined eating disorders in US adults. Biol Psychiatry. 2018. PMID 29859631 — tags: [prevalence, survey] — cited by: epidemiology-and-incidence.md
van Eeden AE, et al. Incidence, prevalence and mortality of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. Curr Opin Psychiatry. 2021. PMID 34419970 — tags: [epidemiology] — cited by: epidemiology-and-incidence.md
Smink FRE, et al. Epidemiology of eating disorders: incidence, prevalence and mortality rates. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2012. PMID 22644309 — tags: [epidemiology] — cited by: epidemiology-and-incidence.md
Solmi M, et al. Age at onset of mental disorders worldwide: meta-analysis of 192 epidemiological studies. Mol Psychiatry. 2022. PMID 34079068 — tags: [age-at-onset] — cited by: epidemiology-and-incidence.md
GBD 2019 Mental Disorders Collaborators. Global burden of 12 mental disorders, 1990–2019. Lancet Psychiatry. 2022. PMID 35026139 — tags: [global-burden] — cited by: overview.md, epidemiology-and-incidence.md
Walsh BT, et al. A systematic review comparing atypical anorexia nervosa and anorexia nervosa. Int J Eat Disord. 2023. PMID 36508318 — tags: [atypical-anorexia, diagnosis] — cited by: overview.md, diagnosis-and-classification.md, epidemiology-and-incidence.md, medical-complications.md, red-flags-and-safety-concerns.md
Moskowitz L, Weiselberg E. Anorexia nervosa/atypical anorexia nervosa. Curr Probl Pediatr Adolesc Health Care. 2017. PMID 28532965 — tags: [diagnosis, atypical-anorexia] — cited by: diagnosis-and-classification.md
Herpertz-Dahlmann B. Adolescent eating disorders: update on definitions, symptomatology, epidemiology, and comorbidity. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am. 2015. PMID 25455581 — tags: [diagnosis, adolescent] — cited by: diagnosis-and-classification.md
Dalle Grave R, et al. DSM-5 severity specifiers for anorexia nervosa and treatment outcomes in adult females. Eat Behav. 2018. PMID 30059831 — tags: [severity, outcome] — cited by: diagnosis-and-classification.md
Harrington BC, et al. Initial evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. Am Fam Physician. 2015. PMID 25591200 — tags: [assessment, differential] — cited by: diagnosis-and-classification.md, red-flags-and-safety-concerns.md
Winkler LA, et al. Quality of life in eating disorders: a meta-analysis. Psychiatry Res. 2014. PMID 24857566 — tags: [quality-of-life] — cited by: overview.md, epidemiology-and-incidence.md, mortality-and-long-term-outcome.md, patient-experience-and-advocacy.md
Semchishen SN, et al. All-cause and cause-specific mortality risk in individuals with eating disorders: systematic review and meta-analysis of relative risk and aggravating or attenuating factors. World Psychiatry. 2026;25:125-140. PMID 41536100 — tags: [mortality, meta-analysis] — cited by: overview.md, mortality-and-long-term-outcome.md, red-flags-and-safety-concerns.md [audit 2026-09-02]
Lai ET, et al. Systematic review and meta-analysis of mortality in patients with anorexia nervosa. Int J Eat Disord. 2026;59:424-449. PMID 41277145 — tags: [mortality, meta-analysis, SMR] — cited by: overview.md, mortality-and-long-term-outcome.md, red-flags-and-safety-concerns.md [audit 2026-09-02]
Bager L, et al. Excess mortality among patients with anorexia nervosa treated involuntarily. Int J Eat Disord. 2026. PMID 42383339 — tags: [mortality, involuntary-treatment, register] — cited by: mortality-and-long-term-outcome.md, severe-enduring-illness-and-compulsory-treatment.md, red-flags-and-safety-concerns.md, guidelines.md, clinical-trials-landscape.md [audit 2026-09-02]
Larsen JT, et al. Construction of a register-based severity index for anorexia nervosa in Denmark: association with overall and cause-specific mortality. Eur Psychiatry. 2025;68:e104. PMID 40670905 — tags: [severity, register, prognosis] — cited by: mortality-and-long-term-outcome.md, severe-enduring-illness-and-compulsory-treatment.md, clinical-trials-landscape.md [audit 2026-09-02]
Lee V, Hagan KE. An invited updated systematic review and meta-analysis comparing atypical anorexia nervosa and anorexia nervosa. Int J Eat Disord. 2026. PMID 42557659 — tags: [atypical-anorexia, systematic-review] — cited by: overview.md, diagnosis-and-classification.md, epidemiology-and-incidence.md, medical-complications.md, mortality-and-long-term-outcome.md, red-flags-and-safety-concerns.md, patient-experience-and-advocacy.md, guidelines.md [audit 2026-09-02]
O'Connell L. Being and doing anorexia nervosa: an autoethnography of diagnostic identity and performance of illness. Health (London). 2023;27:263-278. PMID 34041954 — tags: [lived-experience, autoethnography] — cited by: patient-experience-and-advocacy.md, patient-voice/themes.md, patient-voice/sources.md
Abber SR, et al. Latent profile analysis reveals overlapping ARFID and shape/weight motivations for restriction in eating disorders. Psychol Med. 2024;54:2956-2966. PMID 38801097 — tags: [anorexia-nervosa] — cited by: diagnosis-and-classification.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
Ahmed M, et al. Global and regional economic burden of eating disorders: a systematic review and critique of methods. Int J Eat Disord. 2025;58:91-116. PMID 39542867 — tags: [systematic-review] — cited by: overview.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
Attia E, Walsh BT. Eating disorders: a review. JAMA. 2025;333:1242-1252. PMID 40048192 — tags: [anorexia-nervosa] — cited by: overview.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
Bothe T, et al. Gender-related differences in health-care and economic costs for eating disorders. Int J Eat Disord. 2022;55:61-75. PMID 34599621 — tags: [health-economics] — cited by: overview.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
Claudino AM, et al. The classification of feeding and eating disorders in the ICD-11: results of a field study comparing proposed ICD-11 guidelines with existing ICD-10 guidelines. BMC Med. 2019;17:93. PMID 31084617 — tags: [guideline] — cited by: diagnosis-and-classification.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
Devoe DJ, et al. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on eating disorders: a systematic review. Int J Eat Disord. 2023;56:5-25. PMID 35384016 — tags: [systematic-review] — cited by: epidemiology-and-incidence.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
Düplois D, et al. Distribution and clinical comparison of restrictive feeding and eating disorders using ICD-10 and ICD-11 criteria. Int J Eat Disord. 2023;56:1717-1729. PMID 37243388 — tags: [anorexia-nervosa] — cited by: diagnosis-and-classification.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
Eddy KT, et al. Diagnostic crossover in anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa: implications for DSM-V. Am J Psychiatry. 2008;165:245-250. PMID 18198267 — tags: [anorexia-nervosa] — cited by: diagnosis-and-classification.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
Feltner C, et al. Screening for eating disorders in adolescents and adults: evidence report and systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force. JAMA. 2022;327:1068-1082. PMID 35289875 — tags: [systematic-review, screening] — cited by: diagnosis-and-classification.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
Ferrucci KA, et al. Prevalence of diagnosed eating disorders in US transgender adults and youth in insurance claims. Int J Eat Disord. 2022;55:801-809. PMID 35524487 — tags: [prevalence] — cited by: epidemiology-and-incidence.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
Fichter MM, et al. Long-term outcome of anorexia nervosa: results from a large clinical longitudinal study. Int J Eat Disord. 2017;50:1018-1030. PMID 28644530 — tags: [anorexia-nervosa] — cited by: mortality-and-long-term-outcome.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
Franko DL, et al. A longitudinal investigation of mortality in anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. Am J Psychiatry. 2013;170:917-925. PMID 23771148 — tags: [mortality] — cited by: mortality-and-long-term-outcome.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
Keshaviah A, et al. Re-examining premature mortality in anorexia nervosa: a meta-analysis redux. Compr Psychiatry. 2014;55:1773-1784. PMID 25214371 — tags: [meta-analysis, mortality] — cited by: mortality-and-long-term-outcome.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
Krug I, et al. A meta-analysis of mortality rates in eating disorders: an update of the literature from 2010 to 2024. Clin Psychol Rev. 2025;116:102547. PMID 39889307 — tags: [meta-analysis, mortality] — cited by: mortality-and-long-term-outcome.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
Kutz AM, et al. Eating disorder screening: a systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic test characteristics of the SCOFF. J Gen Intern Med. 2020;35:885-893. PMID 31705473 — tags: [meta-analysis, systematic-review, screening] — cited by: diagnosis-and-classification.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
Meijsen J, et al. Shared genetic architecture between eating disorders, mental health conditions, and cardiometabolic diseases: a comprehensive population-wide study across two countries. Nat Commun. 2025;16:6193. PMID 40615413 — tags: [anorexia-nervosa] — cited by: epidemiology-and-incidence.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
Papini NM, et al. Interplay of polygenic liability with birth-related, somatic, and psychosocial factors in anorexia nervosa risk: a nationwide study. Psychol Med. 2024;54:2073-2086. PMID 38347808 — tags: [polygenic-score] — cited by: epidemiology-and-incidence.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
Roumeliotis N, et al. Pandemic stringency measures and hospital admissions for eating disorders. JAMA Pediatr. 2024;178:879-887. PMID 38976259 — tags: [anorexia-nervosa] — cited by: epidemiology-and-incidence.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
Rø Ø, et al. The impact of age and BMI on Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q) scores in a community sample. Eat Behav. 2012;13:158-161. PMID 22365803 — tags: [anorexia-nervosa] — cited by: diagnosis-and-classification.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
Schaumberg K, et al. Patterns of diagnostic transition in eating disorders: a longitudinal population study in Sweden. Psychol Med. 2019;49:819-827. PMID 29911514 — tags: [anorexia-nervosa] — cited by: diagnosis-and-classification.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
Steinhausen HC, Jensen CM. Time trends in lifetime incidence rates of first-time diagnosed anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa across 16 years in a Danish nationwide psychiatric registry study. Int J Eat Disord. 2015;48:845-850. PMID 25809026 — tags: [anorexia-nervosa] — cited by: epidemiology-and-incidence.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
Steinhausen HC, et al. A nation-wide study of the family aggregation and risk factors in anorexia nervosa over three generations. Int J Eat Disord. 2015;48:1-8. PMID 24777686 — tags: [anorexia-nervosa] — cited by: epidemiology-and-incidence.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
Steinhausen HC. The outcome of anorexia nervosa in the 20th century. Am J Psychiatry. 2002;159:1284-1293. PMID 12153817 — tags: [anorexia-nervosa] — cited by: mortality-and-long-term-outcome.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
US Preventive Services Task Force (Davidson KW, et al.). Screening for eating disorders in adolescents and adults: USPSTF recommendation statement. JAMA. 2022;327:1061-1067. PMID 35289876 — tags: [screening] — cited by: diagnosis-and-classification.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
Zhu LY, et al. Predictors of anorexia nervosa and obsessive-compulsive disorder comorbidity and order of diagnosis in a Danish national cohort. Int J Eat Disord. 2025;58:1817-1829. PMID 40525476 — tags: [cohort] — cited by: epidemiology-and-incidence.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]

Genetics, neurobiology and biomarkers¶

Couturier J, et al. Protocol for a pilot feasibility randomised controlled trial of fecal microbiota transplantation for adolescent anorexia nervosa. BMJ Open. 2026;16:e109115. PMID 42009386 — tags: [microbiome, protocol] — cited by: genetics.md, OPEN-QUESTIONS.md [audit 2026-09-02]
Watson HJ, et al. Genome-wide association study identifies eight risk loci and implicates metabo-psychiatric origins for anorexia nervosa. Nat Genet. 2019. PMID 31308545 — tags: [GWAS, metabolism] — cited by: overview.md, genetics.md, pharmacotherapy.md
Bulik CM, et al. Genetics and neurobiology of eating disorders. Nat Neurosci. 2022. PMID 35524137 — tags: [genetics, neurobiology] — cited by: overview.md, genetics.md, neurobiology-and-cognition.md
Bulik CM, et al. Reconceptualizing anorexia nervosa. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2019. PMID 31056797 — tags: [metabo-psychiatric] — cited by: genetics.md, neurobiology-and-cognition.md
Baker JH, et al. Genetics of anorexia nervosa. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2017. PMID 28940168 — tags: [genetics, review] — cited by: genetics.md
Cross-Disorder Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium. Genomic relationships, novel loci, and pleiotropic mechanisms across eight psychiatric disorders. Cell. 2019. PMID 31835028 — tags: [pleiotropy] — cited by: genetics.md
Bulik-Sullivan B, et al. An atlas of genetic correlations across human diseases and traits. Nat Genet. 2015. PMID 26414676 — tags: [genetic-correlation] — cited by: genetics.md
Donato K, et al. Gene variants in eating disorders. J Prev Med Hyg. 2022. PMID 36479493 — tags: [genetics, review] — cited by: genetics.md
Frank GKW. The neurobiology of eating disorders. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am. 2019. PMID 31443880 — tags: [neurobiology] — cited by: overview.md, neurobiology-and-cognition.md
Kaye WH, et al. Nothing tastes as good as skinny feels: the neurobiology of anorexia nervosa. Trends Neurosci. 2013. PMID 23333342 — tags: [reward, neurobiology] — cited by: neurobiology-and-cognition.md
Kaye W. Neurobiology of anorexia and bulimia nervosa. Physiol Behav. 2008. PMID 18164737 — tags: [neurobiology] — cited by: neurobiology-and-cognition.md
Himmerich H, et al. Anorexia nervosa: diagnostic, therapeutic, and risk biomarkers in clinical practice. Trends Mol Med. 2024. PMID 38331700 — tags: [biomarker, opinion] — cited by: neurobiology-and-cognition.md — publication type: opinion article
Toor B, et al. Sleep, orexin and cognition. Front Neurol Neurosci. 2021. PMID 34052810 — tags: [sleep, cognition] — cited by: neurobiology-and-cognition.md — note: a general orexin review, not an AN study; cited only for orexin's role in sleep/alertness/cognition and its reported alteration in AN
Song Y, et al. Integrative GWAS identifies novel loci and genetic links between psychiatric and metabolic factors in anorexia nervosa. Mol Psychiatry. 2026;31:4679-4689. PMID 41927769 — tags: [GWAS, MTAG, metabolism, single-cell] — cited by: genetics.md [audit 2026-09-02]
Bahnsen K, et al. Dynamic structural brain changes in anorexia nervosa: a replication study, mega-analysis, and virtual histology approach. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2022;61:1168-1181. PMID 35390458 — tags: [neuroimaging] — cited by: neurobiology-and-cognition.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
Bernardoni F, et al. Weight restoration therapy rapidly reverses cortical thinning in anorexia nervosa: a longitudinal study. Neuroimage. 2016;130:214-222. PMID 26876474 — tags: [neuroimaging] — cited by: neurobiology-and-cognition.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
Berthold N, et al. Nanopore sequencing as a novel method of characterising anorexia nervosa risk loci. BMC Genomics. 2024;25:1262. PMID 39741260 — tags: [anorexia-nervosa] — cited by: genetics.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
Bienvenu T, et al. Exome sequencing in a familial form of anorexia nervosa supports multigenic etiology. J Neural Transm (Vienna). 2019;126:1505-1511. PMID 31388831 — tags: [anorexia-nervosa] — cited by: genetics.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
Bjørndal LD, et al. Investigating relationships between genetic risk, childhood maltreatment, and eating disorders in women. Biol Psychiatry Glob Open Sci. 2026;6:100761. PMID 42471970 — tags: [anorexia-nervosa] — cited by: genetics.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
Bulik CM, et al. Prevalence, heritability, and prospective risk factors for anorexia nervosa. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2006;63:305-312. PMID 16520436 — tags: [prevalence] — cited by: epidemiology-and-incidence.md, genetics.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
DeGuzman M, et al. Association of elevated reward prediction error response with weight gain in adolescent anorexia nervosa. Am J Psychiatry. 2017;174:557-565. PMID 28231717 — tags: [anorexia-nervosa] — cited by: neurobiology-and-cognition.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
Dinkler L, et al. Association of etiological factors across the extreme end and continuous variation in disordered eating in female Swedish twins. Psychol Med. 2021;51:750-760. PMID 31843035 — tags: [twin-study] — cited by: genetics.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
Duncan L, et al. Significant locus and metabolic genetic correlations revealed in genome-wide association study of anorexia nervosa. Am J Psychiatry. 2017;174:850-858. PMID 28494655 — tags: [GWAS] — cited by: genetics.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
Exner C, et al. Leptin suppresses semi-starvation induced hyperactivity in rats: implications for anorexia nervosa. Mol Psychiatry. 2000;5:476-481. PMID 11032380 — tags: [anorexia-nervosa] — cited by: neurobiology-and-cognition.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
Foerde K, et al. Neural mechanisms supporting maladaptive food choices in anorexia nervosa. Nat Neurosci. 2015;18:1571-1573. PMID 26457555 — tags: [anorexia-nervosa] — cited by: neurobiology-and-cognition.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
Foldi CJ. Taking better advantage of the activity-based anorexia model. Trends Mol Med. 2024;30:330-338. PMID 38103992 — tags: [anorexia-nervosa] — cited by: neurobiology-and-cognition.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
Fraga A, et al. Temperature but not leptin prevents semi-starvation induced hyperactivity in rats: implications for anorexia nervosa treatment. Sci Rep. 2020;10:5300. PMID 32210308 — tags: [anorexia-nervosa] — cited by: neurobiology-and-cognition.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
Frank GKW, et al. Association of brain reward learning response with harm avoidance, weight gain, and hypothalamic effective connectivity in adolescent anorexia nervosa. JAMA Psychiatry. 2018;75:1071-1080. PMID 30027213 — tags: [neuroimaging] — cited by: neurobiology-and-cognition.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
Frank GKW, et al. Association of brain reward response with body mass index and ventral striatal-hypothalamic circuitry among young women with eating disorders. JAMA Psychiatry. 2021;78:1123-1133. PMID 34190963 — tags: [neuroimaging] — cited by: neurobiology-and-cognition.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
Gabriel-Segard T, et al. Anorexia nervosa symptoms are induced after specific gut microbiota dysbiosis transfer in germ-free mice. Gut Microbes. 2025;17:2563701. PMID 41239983 — tags: [microbiome] — cited by: genetics.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
Godier LR, et al. An investigation of habit learning in anorexia nervosa. Psychiatry Res. 2016;244:214-222. PMID 27497292 — tags: [anorexia-nervosa] — cited by: neurobiology-and-cognition.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
Hata T, et al. The gut microbiome derived from anorexia nervosa patients impairs weight gain and behavioral performance in female mice. Endocrinology. 2019;160:2441-2452. PMID 31504398 — tags: [microbiome] — cited by: genetics.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
Hebebrand J, et al. The role of leptin in anorexia nervosa: clinical implications. Mol Psychiatry. 2007;12:23-35. PMID 17060920 — tags: [anorexia-nervosa] — cited by: neurobiology-and-cognition.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
Huckins LM, et al. Investigation of common, low-frequency and rare genome-wide variation in anorexia nervosa. Mol Psychiatry. 2018;23:1169-1180. PMID 29155802 — tags: [GWAS] — cited by: genetics.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
Hübel C, et al. Epigenetics in eating disorders: a systematic review. Mol Psychiatry. 2019;24:901-915. PMID 30353170 — tags: [systematic-review] — cited by: genetics.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
Inal-Kaleli I, et al. Investigating the presence of autistic traits and prevalence of autism spectrum disorder symptoms in anorexia nervosa: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Eat Disord. 2025;58:66-90. PMID 39530423 — tags: [meta-analysis, systematic-review, prevalence] — cited by: neurobiology-and-cognition.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
Johansson T, et al. Polygenic association with severity and long-term outcome in eating disorder cases. Transl Psychiatry. 2022;12:61. PMID 35173158 — tags: [polygenic-score] — cited by: genetics.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
Kaufmann LK, et al. Age influences structural brain restoration during weight gain therapy in anorexia nervosa. Transl Psychiatry. 2020;10:126. PMID 32366823 — tags: [neuroimaging] — cited by: neurobiology-and-cognition.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
Keegan E, et al. Central coherence and set-shifting between nonunderweight eating disorders and anorexia nervosa: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Eat Disord. 2021;54:229-243. PMID 33305366 — tags: [meta-analysis, systematic-review] — cited by: neurobiology-and-cognition.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
Kerr KL, et al. Altered insula activity during visceral interoception in weight-restored patients with anorexia nervosa. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2016;41:521-528. PMID 26084229 — tags: [anorexia-nervosa] — cited by: neurobiology-and-cognition.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
Kesselmeier M, et al. High-throughput DNA methylation analysis in anorexia nervosa confirms TNXB hypermethylation. World J Biol Psychiatry. 2018;19:187-199. PMID 27367046 — tags: [epigenetics] — cited by: genetics.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
King JA, et al. Global cortical thinning in acute anorexia nervosa normalizes following long-term weight restoration. Biol Psychiatry. 2015;77:624-632. PMID 25433902 — tags: [neuroimaging] — cited by: neurobiology-and-cognition.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
Kooij KL, et al. Fecal microbiota transplantation of patients with anorexia nervosa did not alter flexible behavior in rats. Int J Eat Disord. 2024;57:1868-1881. PMID 38934721 — tags: [microbiome] — cited by: genetics.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
Käver L, et al. Epigenetic alterations in patients with anorexia nervosa — a systematic review. Mol Psychiatry. 2024;29:3900-3914. PMID 38849516 — tags: [systematic-review] — cited by: genetics.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
Lombardi L, et al. Anorexia nervosa is associated with Neuronatin variants. Psychiatr Genet. 2019;29:103-110. PMID 30933048 — tags: [anorexia-nervosa] — cited by: genetics.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
Lutter M. Patients with anorexia nervosa have an increased burden of rare, damaging mutations in the BBOX1 gene. J Eat Disord. 2025;13:140. PMID 40665398 — tags: [anorexia-nervosa] — cited by: genetics.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
Milos G, et al. Short-term metreleptin treatment of patients with anorexia nervosa: rapid on-set of beneficial cognitive, emotional, and behavioral effects. Transl Psychiatry. 2020;10:303. PMID 32855384 — tags: [anorexia-nervosa] — cited by: neurobiology-and-cognition.md, pharmacotherapy.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
Oberndorfer TA, et al. Altered insula response to sweet taste processing after recovery from anorexia and bulimia nervosa. Am J Psychiatry. 2013;170:1143-1151. PMID 23732817 — tags: [anorexia-nervosa] — cited by: neurobiology-and-cognition.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
Panah FM, et al. Impact of a single fecal microbiome transplantation in adult women with anorexia nervosa: an open-label feasibility pilot trial. Nat Commun. 2026;17:1747. PMID 41535289 — tags: [microbiome] — cited by: genetics.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
Saure E, et al. Characteristics of autism spectrum disorders are associated with longer duration of anorexia nervosa: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Eat Disord. 2020;53:1056-1079. PMID 32181530 — tags: [meta-analysis, systematic-review] — cited by: neurobiology-and-cognition.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
Spadini S, et al. Activity-based anorexia animal model: a review of the main neurobiological findings. J Eat Disord. 2021;9:123. PMID 34600568 — tags: [anorexia-nervosa] — cited by: neurobiology-and-cognition.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
Steiger H, et al. A longitudinal, epigenome-wide study of DNA methylation in anorexia nervosa. J Psychiatry Neurosci. 2019;44:205-213. PMID 30693739 — tags: [GWAS, epigenetics] — cited by: genetics.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
Steiger H, et al. DNA methylation in people with anorexia nervosa: epigenome-wide patterns in actively ill, long-term remitted, and healthy-eater women. World J Biol Psychiatry. 2023;24:254-259. PMID 35703085 — tags: [GWAS, epigenetics] — cited by: genetics.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
Steinglass J, Walsh BT. Habit learning and anorexia nervosa: a cognitive neuroscience hypothesis. Int J Eat Disord. 2006;39:267-275. PMID 16523472 — tags: [anorexia-nervosa] — cited by: neurobiology-and-cognition.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
Thornton LM, et al. The heritability of eating disorders: methods and current findings. Curr Top Behav Neurosci. 2011;6:141-156. PMID 21243474 — tags: [anorexia-nervosa] — cited by: genetics.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
Uniacke B, et al. The role of habits in anorexia nervosa: where we are and where to go from here? Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2018;20:61. PMID 30039342 — tags: [anorexia-nervosa] — cited by: neurobiology-and-cognition.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
Watson HJ, et al. Common genetic variation and age of onset of anorexia nervosa. Biol Psychiatry Glob Open Sci. 2022;2:368-378. PMID 36324647 — tags: [anorexia-nervosa] — cited by: genetics.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]

Medical complications, bone and refeeding¶

Westmoreland P, et al. Medical complications of anorexia nervosa and bulimia. Am J Med. 2016. PMID 26169883 — tags: [medical-complications] — cited by: overview.md, mortality-and-long-term-outcome.md, medical-complications.md, red-flags-and-safety-concerns.md
Puckett L, et al. Renal and electrolyte complications in eating disorders. J Eat Disord. 2023. PMID 36803805 — tags: [renal, electrolyte] — cited by: overview.md, medical-complications.md, refeeding-and-nutritional-rehabilitation.md, red-flags-and-safety-concerns.md
Misra M, Klibanski A. Endocrine consequences of anorexia nervosa. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2014. PMID 24731664 — tags: [endocrine, bone] — cited by: medical-complications.md, neurobiology-and-cognition.md
Schorr M, Miller KK. The endocrine manifestations of anorexia nervosa. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2017. PMID 27811940 — tags: [endocrine] — cited by: medical-complications.md
Misra M, et al. Physiologic estrogen replacement increases bone density in adolescent girls with anorexia nervosa. J Bone Miner Res. 2011. PMID 21698665 — tags: [bone, trial] — cited by: medical-complications.md
Singhal V, et al. Effect of transdermal estradiol and IGF-1 on bone endpoints of young women with anorexia nervosa. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2021. PMID 33693703 — tags: [bone, trial] — cited by: medical-complications.md
Robinson L, et al. Pharmacological treatment options for low BMD and secondary osteoporosis in anorexia nervosa. J Psychosom Res. 2017. PMID 28554377 — tags: [bone, systematic-review] — cited by: medical-complications.md
Baenas I, et al. Medical complications in anorexia and bulimia nervosa. Med Clin (Barc). 2024. PMID 37598049 — tags: [medical-complications] — cited by: medical-complications.md
Garber AK, et al. Short-term outcomes of the Study of Refeeding to Optimize Inpatient Gains. JAMA Pediatr. 2021. PMID 33074282 — tags: [refeeding, RCT] — cited by: overview.md, refeeding-and-nutritional-rehabilitation.md, service-models-and-setting.md, guidelines.md, red-flags-and-safety-concerns.md
Garber AK, et al. A systematic review of approaches to refeeding in patients with anorexia nervosa. Int J Eat Disord. 2016. PMID 26661289 — tags: [refeeding, systematic-review] — cited by: refeeding-and-nutritional-rehabilitation.md, service-models-and-setting.md, red-flags-and-safety-concerns.md
Mosuka EM, et al. Clinical outcomes of refeeding syndrome: high- versus low-calorie diets. Cureus. 2023. PMID 37351245 — tags: [refeeding] — cited by: refeeding-and-nutritional-rehabilitation.md
Norris ML, et al. Phosphate supplementation during refeeding of hospitalized adolescents with anorexia nervosa — watch and wait or empirically treat. J Adolesc Health. 2016. PMID 27210006 — tags: [phosphate, refeeding, editorial] — cited by: refeeding-and-nutritional-rehabilitation.md — publication type: Editorial/Comment; frames the practice divergence, does not supply comparative data
Le Grange D, et al. Examining refeeding protocols for adolescents with anorexia nervosa (again): challenges to current practices. J Adolesc Health. 2013. PMID 24138761 — tags: [refeeding, editorial] — cited by: refeeding-and-nutritional-rehabilitation.md — publication type: Editorial
Bargiacchi A, et al. Refeeding in anorexia nervosa. Eur J Pediatr. 2019. PMID 30483963 — tags: [refeeding] — cited by: refeeding-and-nutritional-rehabilitation.md
Golden NH, et al. Higher-calorie refeeding in anorexia nervosa: 1-year outcomes from a randomized controlled trial. Pediatrics. 2021;147:e2020037135. PMID 33753542 — tags: [refeeding, RCT, long-term] — cited by: refeeding-and-nutritional-rehabilitation.md, service-models-and-setting.md, guidelines.md [audit 2026-09-02]
Garber AK, et al. Short-term outcomes of the study of refeeding to optimize inpatient gains for patients with atypical anorexia nervosa. Int J Eat Disord. 2024;57:859-868. PMID 38179719 — tags: [refeeding, atypical-anorexia, RCT] — cited by: refeeding-and-nutritional-rehabilitation.md, red-flags-and-safety-concerns.md, patient-experience-and-advocacy.md, guidelines.md [audit 2026-09-02]
Cyrenne-Dussault M, et al. Anorexia nervosa and risk of fractures: a matched cohort study of 80,000 men and women. Am J Med. 2026;139:333-340. PMID 41109616 — tags: [bone, fracture, cohort] — cited by: medical-complications.md, guidelines.md [audit 2026-09-02]
Amorim T, et al. Effects of teriparatide on hip structure and bone microarchitecture in women with anorexia nervosa: a placebo-controlled randomized trial. Osteoporos Int. 2026;37:749-758. PMID 41591404 — tags: [bone, RCT] — cited by: medical-complications.md [audit 2026-09-02]
Accurso EC, et al. Hospital-based higher calorie refeeding and mealtime distress in adolescents and young adults with anorexia nervosa or atypical anorexia nervosa. Int J Eat Disord. 2023;56:1219-1227. PMID 36919264 — tags: [refeeding] — cited by: refeeding-and-nutritional-rehabilitation.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
Ante Z, et al. Pregnancy outcomes in women with anorexia nervosa. Int J Eat Disord. 2020;53:403-412. PMID 32100355 — tags: [pregnancy] — cited by: medical-complications.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
Borgia F, et al. Anorexia nervosa-related cardiopathy in children with physical instability. Eur J Pediatr. 2021;180:3379-3389. PMID 34050378 — tags: [anorexia-nervosa] — cited by: medical-complications.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
Chan CCK, et al. Oral health status of individuals with eating disorders: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Dent. 2024;151:105427. PMID 39433151 — tags: [meta-analysis, systematic-review] — cited by: red-flags-and-safety-concerns.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
Cioffi I, et al. The incidence of the refeeding syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analyses of literature. Clin Nutr. 2021;40:3688-3701. PMID 34134001 — tags: [meta-analysis, systematic-review, refeeding] — cited by: refeeding-and-nutritional-rehabilitation.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
Couturier J, Mahmood A. Meal support therapy reduces the use of nasogastric feeding for adolescents hospitalized with anorexia nervosa. Eat Disord. 2009;17:327-332. PMID 19548149 — tags: [anorexia-nervosa] — cited by: refeeding-and-nutritional-rehabilitation.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
Downey AE, et al. Renal function in patients hospitalized with anorexia nervosa undergoing refeeding: findings from the Study of Refeeding to Optimize Inpatient Gains. J Adolesc Health. 2022;71:432-437. PMID 35705423 — tags: [refeeding] — cited by: refeeding-and-nutritional-rehabilitation.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
Downey AE, et al. The effect of preadmission energy balance on short-term medical outcomes: findings from the Study of Refeeding to Optimize Inpatient Gains. J Adolesc Health. 2025;76:702-709. PMID 39945690 — tags: [refeeding] — cited by: refeeding-and-nutritional-rehabilitation.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
Duriez P, et al. Clinical meaning of body temperatures in anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. Eur Eat Disord Rev. 2022;30:124-134. PMID 35037343 — tags: [anorexia-nervosa] — cited by: red-flags-and-safety-concerns.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
Fischer LK, et al. Monitoring and treating hypoglycemia during meal-based rapid nutritional rehabilitation in patients with extreme anorexia nervosa. Eat Weight Disord. 2022;27:3301-3308. PMID 35994205 — tags: [anorexia-nervosa] — cited by: medical-complications.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
Gallagher D, et al. Prophylactic supplementation of phosphate, magnesium, and potassium for the prevention of refeeding syndrome in hospitalized individuals with anorexia nervosa. Nutr Clin Pract. 2022;37:328-343. PMID 34648201 — tags: [refeeding] — cited by: refeeding-and-nutritional-rehabilitation.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
Gibson D, et al. Seizures in eating disorders. Int J Eat Disord. 2023;56:1650-1660. PMID 37092766 — tags: [anorexia-nervosa] — cited by: red-flags-and-safety-concerns.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
Goebel-Fabbri AE, et al. Insulin restriction and associated morbidity and mortality in women with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2008;31:415-419. PMID 18070998 — tags: [mortality] — cited by: red-flags-and-safety-concerns.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
Guinhut M, et al. Extremely severe anorexia nervosa: hospital course of 354 adult patients in a clinical nutrition-eating disorders unit. Clin Nutr. 2021;40:1954-1965. PMID 33023762 — tags: [anorexia-nervosa] — cited by: medical-complications.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
Gunaratne MDSK, et al. A comprehensive review on gelatinous transformation of the bone marrow. Expert Rev Hematol. 2024;17:547-554. PMID 39060221 — tags: [bone] — cited by: medical-complications.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
Krantz MJ, et al. Factors influencing QT prolongation in patients hospitalized with severe anorexia nervosa. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2012;34:173-177. PMID 21917317 — tags: [anorexia-nervosa] — cited by: medical-complications.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
Mantel Ä, et al. Association of maternal eating disorders with pregnancy and neonatal outcomes. JAMA Psychiatry. 2020;77:285-293. PMID 31746972 — tags: [pregnancy] — cited by: medical-complications.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
Mascolo M, et al. Severe gastric dilatation due to superior mesenteric artery syndrome in anorexia nervosa. Int J Eat Disord. 2015;48:532-534. Case report. PMID 25639251 — tags: [anorexia-nervosa] — cited by: medical-complications.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
Matsunaga H, et al. Severe hypoglycemia with reduced liver volume as an indicator of end-stage malnutrition in patients with anorexia nervosa. J Eat Disord. 2024;12:55. PMID 38702806 — tags: [anorexia-nervosa] — cited by: medical-complications.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
Oudman E, et al. Preventing Wernicke's encephalopathy in anorexia nervosa: a systematic review. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2018;72:774-779. PMID 29984541 — tags: [systematic-review] — cited by: red-flags-and-safety-concerns.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
Rizzo SM, et al. Enteral nutrition via nasogastric tube for refeeding patients with anorexia nervosa: a systematic review. Nutr Clin Pract. 2019;34:359-370. PMID 30070730 — tags: [systematic-review, refeeding] — cited by: refeeding-and-nutritional-rehabilitation.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
Rosen E, et al. Hepatic complications of anorexia nervosa. Dig Dis Sci. 2017;62:2977-2981. PMID 28932925 — tags: [anorexia-nervosa] — cited by: medical-complications.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
Rothwell L, et al. Fifteen-minute consultation: recognition and management of eating disorders presenting to the emergency department. Arch Dis Child Educ Pract Ed. 2023;108:330-334. PMID 35790339 — tags: [anorexia-nervosa] — cited by: red-flags-and-safety-concerns.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
Sachs KV, et al. Cardiovascular complications of anorexia nervosa: a systematic review. Int J Eat Disord. 2016;49:238-248. PMID 26710932 — tags: [systematic-review] — cited by: medical-complications.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
Scheggi V, et al. Echocardiographic abnormalities in adults with anorexia nervosa. Am J Cardiol. 2022;175:152-157. PMID 35597626 — tags: [anorexia-nervosa] — cited by: medical-complications.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
Swenne I, et al. Family-based intervention in adolescent restrictive eating disorders: early treatment response and low weight suppression is associated with favourable one-year outcome. BMC Psychiatry. 2017;17:333. PMID 28915806 — tags: [family-based-treatment] — cited by: refeeding-and-nutritional-rehabilitation.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
Vignaud M, et al. Refeeding syndrome influences outcome of anorexia nervosa patients in intensive care unit: an observational study. Crit Care. 2010;14:R172. PMID 20920160 — tags: [refeeding] — cited by: refeeding-and-nutritional-rehabilitation.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
Watson HJ, et al. Maladaptive exercise in people with a lifetime history of eating disorders: a multicountry observational study. Int J Eat Disord. 2026;59:190-204. PMID 41115789. (NCT04378101) — tags: [anorexia-nervosa] — cited by: red-flags-and-safety-concerns.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
da Silva JSV, et al. ASPEN consensus recommendations for refeeding syndrome. Nutr Clin Pract. 2020;35:178-195. PMID 32115791 — tags: [refeeding] — cited by: refeeding-and-nutritional-rehabilitation.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]

Psychotherapy, services and outcomes¶

Cardi V, et al. Efficacy and cost-effectiveness of a digital guided self-management intervention to support transition from intensive care to community care in anorexia nervosa (TRIANGLE). EClinicalMedicine. 2024;73:102645. PMID 38841708 — tags: [randomized-trial, services, transition] — cited by: service-models-and-setting.md [audit 2026-09-02]
Lock J, et al. Randomized clinical trial comparing family-based treatment with adolescent-focused individual therapy. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2010. PMID 20921118 — tags: [FBT, adolescent, RCT] — cited by: overview.md, treatment-in-adolescents.md
Le Grange D, et al. Randomized clinical trial of parent-focused treatment and family-based treatment. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2016. PMID 27453082 — tags: [FBT, parent-focused, RCT] — cited by: treatment-in-adolescents.md
Le Grange D, et al. Relapse from remission at two- to four-year follow-up. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2014. PMID 25440306 — tags: [relapse, adolescent] — cited by: mortality-and-long-term-outcome.md, treatment-in-adolescents.md
Fisher CA, et al. Family therapy approaches for anorexia nervosa. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019. PMID 31041816 — tags: [family-therapy, review] — cited by: overview.md, treatment-in-adolescents.md, guidelines.md
Austin A, et al. Efficacy of eating-disorder-focused family therapy for adolescents with anorexia nervosa. Int J Eat Disord. 2025. PMID 39041682 — tags: [family-therapy, meta-analysis] — cited by: treatment-in-adolescents.md
Lock J. Updates on treatments for adolescent anorexia nervosa. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am. 2019. PMID 31443871 — tags: [adolescent, review] — cited by: treatment-in-adolescents.md
Zipfel S, et al. ANTOP randomized controlled trial. Lancet. 2014. PMID 24131861 — tags: [adult, psychotherapy, RCT] — cited by: overview.md, mortality-and-long-term-outcome.md, treatment-in-adults.md, service-models-and-setting.md, clinical-trials-landscape.md
Herzog W, et al. ANTOP 5-year follow-up. Lancet Psychiatry. 2022. PMID 35294860 — tags: [adult, long-term] — cited by: mortality-and-long-term-outcome.md, treatment-in-adults.md
Schmidt U, et al. MOSAIC: MANTRA compared with SSCM. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2015. PMID 25984803 — tags: [MANTRA, SSCM, RCT] — cited by: treatment-in-adults.md
Solmi M, et al. Comparative efficacy and acceptability of psychological interventions for adult outpatients with anorexia nervosa. Lancet Psychiatry. 2021. PMID 33600749 — tags: [adult, network-meta-analysis] — cited by: overview.md, neurobiology-and-cognition.md, treatment-in-adults.md, guidelines.md
Kiely L, et al. Conceptualising specialist supportive clinical management. J Eat Disord. 2022. PMID 35255984 — tags: [SSCM] — cited by: treatment-in-adults.md
McIntosh VVW, et al. SSCM: therapy content and relation to outcome. Int J Eat Disord. 2022. PMID 35258113 — tags: [SSCM] — cited by: treatment-in-adults.md
Herpertz-Dahlmann B, et al. Day-patient after short inpatient care versus continued inpatient care in adolescents. Lancet. 2014. PMID 24439238 — tags: [setting, RCT] — cited by: service-models-and-setting.md
Herpertz-Dahlmann B, et al. Intensive treatments in adolescent anorexia nervosa. Nutrients. 2021. PMID 33924294 — tags: [setting, review] — cited by: service-models-and-setting.md
Brown A, et al. The FREED Project (First Episode and Rapid Early Intervention in Eating Disorders): service model, feasibility and acceptability. Early Interv Psychiatry. 2018;12:250-257. PMID 27619198 — tags: [anorexia-nervosa] — cited by: service-models-and-setting.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
Byrne S, et al. A randomised controlled trial of three psychological treatments for anorexia nervosa. Psychol Med. 2017;47:2823-2833. PMID 28552083. (ACTRN12611000725965) — tags: [randomized-trial] — cited by: treatment-in-adults.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
Dahmen B, et al. Anorexia nervosa-specific home treatment in children and adolescents and their families (the HoT study): study protocol. Trials. 2024;25:760. Protocol. PMID 39538317. (DRKS00025925) — tags: [protocol] — cited by: service-models-and-setting.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
Dare C, et al. Psychological therapies for adults with anorexia nervosa: randomised controlled trial of out-patient treatments. Br J Psychiatry. 2001;178:216-221. PMID 11230031 — tags: [randomized-trial] — cited by: treatment-in-adults.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
Eisler I, et al. A pragmatic randomised multi-centre trial of multifamily and single family therapy for adolescent anorexia nervosa. BMC Psychiatry. 2016;16:422. PMID 27881106 — tags: [randomized-trial] — cited by: treatment-in-adolescents.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
Eisler I, et al. A randomised controlled treatment trial of two forms of family therapy in adolescent anorexia nervosa: a five-year follow-up. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2007;48:552-560. PMID 17537071 — tags: [randomized-trial] — cited by: treatment-in-adolescents.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
Flynn M, et al. Assessing the impact of First Episode Rapid Early Intervention for Eating Disorders on duration of untreated eating disorder: a multi-centre quasi-experimental study. Eur Eat Disord Rev. 2021;29:458-471. PMID 33112472 — tags: [anorexia-nervosa] — cited by: service-models-and-setting.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
Friedman K, et al. A narrative review of outcome studies for residential and partial hospital-based treatment of eating disorders. Eur Eat Disord Rev. 2016;24:263-276. PMID 27062687 — tags: [anorexia-nervosa] — cited by: service-models-and-setting.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
Gowers SG, et al. A randomised controlled multicentre trial of treatments for adolescent anorexia nervosa including assessment of cost-effectiveness and patient acceptability — the TOuCAN trial. Health Technol Assess. 2010;14:1-98. PMID 20334748. (ISRCTN39345394) — tags: [randomized-trial, health-economics] — cited by: service-models-and-setting.md, treatment-in-adolescents.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
Gregertsen EC, et al. Pre-treatment patient characteristics as predictors of drop-out and treatment outcome in individual and family therapy for adolescents and adults with anorexia nervosa: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychiatry Res. 2019;271:484-501. PMID 30551081 — tags: [meta-analysis, systematic-review] — cited by: treatment-in-adults.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
Guarda AS, et al. Intensive treatment for adults with anorexia nervosa: the cost of weight restoration. Int J Eat Disord. 2017;50:302-306. PMID 28130794 — tags: [health-economics] — cited by: overview.md, service-models-and-setting.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
Hay PJ, et al. Inpatient versus outpatient care, partial hospitalisation and waiting list for people with eating disorders. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019;1:CD010827. PMID 30663033 — tags: [anorexia-nervosa] — cited by: service-models-and-setting.md, treatment-in-adults.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
Le Grange D, et al. Early weight gain predicts outcome in two treatments for adolescent anorexia nervosa. Int J Eat Disord. 2014;47:124-129. PMID 24190844 — tags: [anorexia-nervosa] — cited by: treatment-in-adolescents.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
Le LK, et al. The modeled cost-effectiveness of family-based and adolescent-focused treatment for anorexia nervosa. Int J Eat Disord. 2017;50:1356-1366. PMID 29044637 — tags: [health-economics, family-based-treatment] — cited by: service-models-and-setting.md, treatment-in-adolescents.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
Lock J, et al. Feasibility of conducting a randomized controlled trial comparing family-based treatment via videoconferencing and online guided self-help family-based treatment for adolescent anorexia nervosa. Int J Eat Disord. 2021;54:1998-2008. PMID 34553395 — tags: [randomized-trial, family-based-treatment] — cited by: treatment-in-adolescents.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
Lock JD, et al. Who responds to an adaptive intervention for adolescents with anorexia nervosa being treated with family-based treatment? Outcomes from a randomized clinical trial. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2024;63:605-614. PMID 38142046. (NCT03097874) — tags: [randomized-trial, family-based-treatment] — cited by: treatment-in-adolescents.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
Madden S, et al. A randomized controlled trial of in-patient treatment for anorexia nervosa in medically unstable adolescents. Psychol Med. 2015;45:415-427. PMID 25017941 — tags: [randomized-trial] — cited by: service-models-and-setting.md, treatment-in-adolescents.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
Madden S, et al. Early weight gain in family-based treatment predicts greater weight gain and remission at the end of treatment and remission at 12-month follow-up in adolescent anorexia nervosa. Int J Eat Disord. 2015;48:919-922. PMID 26488111 — tags: [family-based-treatment] — cited by: treatment-in-adolescents.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
Mayr LM, et al. Cost-effectiveness analysis of family-based treatment with additional home treatment for adolescent anorexia nervosa. Eur Eat Disord Rev. 2025;33:608-615. PMID 39776084 — tags: [health-economics, family-based-treatment] — cited by: service-models-and-setting.md, treatment-in-adolescents.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
McIntosh VVW, et al. Three psychotherapies for anorexia nervosa: a randomized, controlled trial. Am J Psychiatry. 2005;162:741-747. PMID 15800147 — tags: [randomized-trial] — cited by: treatment-in-adults.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
Monteleone AM, et al. Treatment of eating disorders: a systematic meta-review of meta-analyses and network meta-analyses. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2022. PMID 36084848 — tags: [meta-analysis] — cited by: treatment-in-adults.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
Murray SB, et al. Registration, reporting, and replication in clinical trials: the case of anorexia nervosa. Int J Eat Disord. 2020;53:138-142. PMID 31638722 — tags: [anorexia-nervosa] — cited by: clinical-trials-landscape.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
Pike KM, et al. Cognitive behavior therapy in the posthospitalization treatment of anorexia nervosa. Am J Psychiatry. 2003;160:2046-2049. PMID 14594754 — tags: [anorexia-nervosa] — cited by: treatment-in-adults.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
Richards KL, et al. National roll-out of early intervention for eating disorders: process and clinical outcomes from First Episode Rapid Early Intervention for Eating Disorders. Early Interv Psychiatry. 2023;17:202-211. PMID 35676870 — tags: [anorexia-nervosa] — cited by: service-models-and-setting.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
Russell GFM, et al. An evaluation of family therapy in anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1987;44:1047-1056. PMID 3318754 — tags: [anorexia-nervosa] — cited by: treatment-in-adolescents.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
İnce B, et al. Intensive community and home-based treatments for eating disorders: a scoping review. J Eat Disord. 2025;13:256. PMID 41214774 — tags: [anorexia-nervosa] — cited by: service-models-and-setting.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
İnce B, et al. Stepping into day treatment approach versus inpatient treatment for adults with anorexia nervosa: the DAISIES RCT. Health Technol Assess. 2025;29:1-37. PMID 39943786 — tags: [anorexia-nervosa] — cited by: clinical-trials-landscape.md, service-models-and-setting.md, treatment-in-adults.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]

Pharmacotherapy and experimental treatment¶

Boehme R, et al. Theta burst stimulation of extrastriate body area for body perception in anorexia nervosa: a randomized controlled trial. Transl Psychiatry. 2026;16. PMID 42386712 — tags: [rTMS, randomized-trial] — cited by: neuromodulation-and-experimental-therapy.md [audit 2026-09-02]
Ewis DK, et al. Efficacy and safety of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in anorexia and bulimia nervosa: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Gen Psychiatry. 2026;25. PMID 42226264 — tags: [rTMS, meta-analysis] — cited by: neuromodulation-and-experimental-therapy.md [audit 2026-09-02]
Bissada H, et al. Olanzapine in low body weight and obsessive thinking in women with anorexia nervosa. Am J Psychiatry. 2008. PMID 18558642 — tags: [olanzapine, RCT] — cited by: pharmacotherapy.md
Attia E, et al. Olanzapine versus placebo for out-patients with anorexia nervosa. Psychol Med. 2011. PMID 21426603 — tags: [olanzapine, RCT] — cited by: pharmacotherapy.md
Attia E, et al. Olanzapine versus placebo in adult outpatients with anorexia nervosa. Am J Psychiatry. 2019. PMID 30654643 — tags: [olanzapine, RCT] — cited by: overview.md, pharmacotherapy.md, clinical-trials-landscape.md
Cassioli E, et al. Pharmacological treatment of acute-phase anorexia nervosa. J Psychopharmacol. 2020. PMID 32448045 — tags: [pharmacotherapy, meta-analysis] — cited by: pharmacotherapy.md, guidelines.md
Fornaro M, et al. Psychopharmacology of eating disorders: systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs. J Affect Disord. 2023. PMID 37393954 — tags: [pharmacotherapy] — cited by: pharmacotherapy.md
Himmerich H, et al. Pharmacological treatment of eating disorders and comorbid problems. Pharmacol Ther. 2021. PMID 32858054 — tags: [pharmacotherapy] — cited by: pharmacotherapy.md
Muratore AF, Attia E. Psychopharmacologic management of eating disorders. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2022. PMID 35576089 — tags: [pharmacotherapy] — cited by: pharmacotherapy.md
Maguire S, et al. A phase II randomised controlled trial of intranasal oxytocin in anorexia nervosa. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2024;164:107032. PMID 38520886 — tags: [oxytocin, RCT, negative] — cited by: pharmacotherapy.md, clinical-trials-landscape.md [audit 2026-09-02]
Filiz ES, et al. Olanzapine for young people with anorexia nervosa: a synopsis of the main results from the OPEN open-label feasibility study. Health Technol Assess. 2026;30:1-17. PMID 42116676 — tags: [olanzapine, adolescent, feasibility] — cited by: pharmacotherapy.md, clinical-trials-landscape.md [audit 2026-09-02]
Peck SK, et al. Psilocybin therapy for females with anorexia nervosa: a phase 1, open-label feasibility study. Nat Med. 2023;29:1947-1953. PMID 37488291 — tags: [psilocybin, phase-1] — cited by: overview.md, neuromodulation-and-experimental-therapy.md, clinical-trials-landscape.md [audit 2026-09-02 — replaces the commentary PMID 37488290 as the source for the psilocybin data]
McClelland J, et al. Randomised controlled feasibility trial of real versus sham repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation treatment in adults with severe and enduring anorexia nervosa: the TIARA study. BMJ Open. 2018;8:e021531. PMID 30012789 — tags: [rTMS, RCT, feasibility] — cited by: overview.md, neuromodulation-and-experimental-therapy.md [audit 2026-09-02]
McClelland J, et al. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation treatment in enduring anorexia nervosa: a case series. Eur Eat Disord Rev. 2016;24:157-163. PMID 26537308 — tags: [rTMS, case-series] — cited by: neuromodulation-and-experimental-therapy.md [audit 2026-09-02]
Lipsman N, et al. Subcallosal cingulate deep brain stimulation for treatment-refractory anorexia nervosa: a phase 1 pilot trial. Lancet. 2013;381:1361-1370. PMID 23473846 — tags: [DBS, phase-1] — cited by: neuromodulation-and-experimental-therapy.md, clinical-trials-landscape.md [audit 2026-09-02]
Lipsman N, et al. Deep brain stimulation of the subcallosal cingulate for treatment-refractory anorexia nervosa: 1 year follow-up of an open-label trial. Lancet Psychiatry. 2017;4:285-294. PMID 28238701 — tags: [DBS, open-label] — cited by: neuromodulation-and-experimental-therapy.md, clinical-trials-landscape.md [audit 2026-09-02]
Villalba Martínez G, et al. A randomized trial of deep brain stimulation to the subcallosal cingulate and nucleus accumbens in patients with treatment-refractory, chronic, and severe anorexia nervosa: initial results at 6 months of follow up. J Clin Med. 2020;9:1946. PMID 32580399 — tags: [DBS, randomized] — cited by: neuromodulation-and-experimental-therapy.md [audit 2026-09-02]
Shaffer A, et al. Efficacy of deep brain stimulation for the treatment of anorexia nervosa: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of patient-level data. Neurosurg Focus. 2023;54:E5. PMID 36724522 — tags: [DBS, network-meta-analysis] — cited by: neuromodulation-and-experimental-therapy.md, clinical-trials-landscape.md [audit 2026-09-02]
Gallop L, et al. Neuromodulation and eating disorders. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2022. PMID 35179712 — tags: [neuromodulation] — cited by: overview.md, neuromodulation-and-experimental-therapy.md
Bainbridge K, et al. rTMS as a treatment for anorexia nervosa. Brain Stimul. 2014;7:149-150. PMID 24269202 — tags: [rTMS, letter] — cited by: neuromodulation-and-experimental-therapy.md — publication type: Letter/Review, two pages; not a trial report
De Vloo P, et al. Long-term follow-up of deep brain stimulation for anorexia nervosa. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2021;92:1135-1136. PMID 33687970 — tags: [DBS, letter] — cited by: neuromodulation-and-experimental-therapy.md — publication type: research Letter
Majić T, et al. Psilocybin for the treatment of anorexia nervosa. Nat Med. 2023;29:1906-1907. PMID 37488290 — tags: [psilocybin, commentary] — cited by: neuromodulation-and-experimental-therapy.md, clinical-trials-landscape.md — publication type: Comment on Peck 2023 (PMID 37488291); not a study
McAdams CJ, et al. Changing the brain to treat anorexia nervosa. Lancet Psychiatry. 2017;4:262-263. PMID 28238702 — tags: [neuromodulation, commentary] — cited by: neuromodulation-and-experimental-therapy.md — publication type: Comment on Lipsman 2017 (PMID 28238701)
Bryson C, et al. Established and emerging treatments for eating disorders. Trends Mol Med. 2024. PMID 38503683 — tags: [experimental] — cited by: neuromodulation-and-experimental-therapy.md
Alserihi AR, et al. Effect of cognitive remediation therapy in anorexia nervosa: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Psychiatry. 2024;15:1484457. PMID 39540007 — tags: [meta-analysis, systematic-review] — cited by: neuromodulation-and-experimental-therapy.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
Andries A, et al. Dronabinol in severe, enduring anorexia nervosa: a randomized controlled trial. Int J Eat Disord. 2014;47:18-23. PMID 24105610 — tags: [randomized-trial] — cited by: pharmacotherapy.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
Brewerton TD, et al. MDMA-assisted therapy significantly reduces eating disorder symptoms in a randomized placebo-controlled trial of adults with severe PTSD. J Psychiatr Res. 2022;149:128-135. PMID 35272210 — tags: [randomized-trial] — cited by: neuromodulation-and-experimental-therapy.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
Calabrese L, et al. Ketogenic diet and ketamine infusion treatment to target chronic persistent eating disorder psychopathology in anorexia nervosa: a pilot study. Eat Weight Disord. 2022;27:3751-3757. PMID 35997954 — tags: [anorexia-nervosa] — cited by: neuromodulation-and-experimental-therapy.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
Clausen L, et al. Pharmacotherapy in anorexia nervosa: a Danish nation-wide register-based study. J Psychosom Res. 2023;164:111077. PMID 36379077 — tags: [register] — cited by: pharmacotherapy.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
Hagan KE, et al. A preliminary systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized-controlled trials of cognitive remediation therapy for anorexia nervosa. Eat Behav. 2020;37:101391. PMID 32408265 — tags: [meta-analysis, systematic-review, randomized-trial] — cited by: neuromodulation-and-experimental-therapy.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
Hagman J, et al. A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of risperidone for the treatment of adolescents and young adults with anorexia nervosa: a pilot study. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2011;50:915-924. PMID 21871373. (NCT00140426) — tags: [anorexia-nervosa] — cited by: pharmacotherapy.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
Halmi KA, et al. Anorexia nervosa: treatment efficacy of cyproheptadine and amitriptyline. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1986;43:177-181. PMID 3511877 — tags: [anorexia-nervosa] — cited by: pharmacotherapy.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
Kafantaris V, et al. A placebo-controlled pilot study of adjunctive olanzapine for adolescents with anorexia nervosa. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 2011;21:207-212. PMID 21663423. (NCT00592930) — tags: [olanzapine] — cited by: pharmacotherapy.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
Keegan E, et al. An exploratory examination of executive functioning as an outcome, moderator, and predictor in outpatient treatment for adults with anorexia nervosa. J Eat Disord. 2022;10:83. PMID 35715854 — tags: [anorexia-nervosa] — cited by: neuromodulation-and-experimental-therapy.md, treatment-in-adults.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
LLoyd EC, et al. Fluoxetine for anorexia nervosa after weight restoration: moderation of effect by depression. Psychol Med. 2025;55:e290. PMID 41022691 — tags: [antidepressant] — cited by: pharmacotherapy.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
Phillipou A, et al. High-definition transcranial direct current stimulation in anorexia nervosa: a pilot study. Int J Eat Disord. 2019;52:1274-1280. PMID 31433523 — tags: [neuromodulation] — cited by: neuromodulation-and-experimental-therapy.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
Porras-Garcia B, et al. AN-VR-BE: a randomized controlled trial for reducing fear of gaining weight and other eating disorder symptoms in anorexia nervosa through virtual reality-based body exposure. J Clin Med. 2021;10:682. PMID 33578767 — tags: [randomized-trial] — cited by: neuromodulation-and-experimental-therapy.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
Rząd Z, et al. Efficacy of transcranial direct current stimulation in the treatment of anorexia nervosa — interim results from an ongoing, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. J Clin Med. 2025;14:5063. Interim analysis. PMID 40725729 — tags: [randomized-trial, neuromodulation] — cited by: neuromodulation-and-experimental-therapy.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
Rząd Z, et al. The efficacy of transcranial direct current stimulation in the treatment of anorexia nervosa: a randomized double-blind clinical trial. Front Psychiatry. 2024;15:1284675. Protocol. PMID 38757134. (NCT05814458) — tags: [randomized-trial, neuromodulation, protocol] — cited by: neuromodulation-and-experimental-therapy.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
Thorey S, et al. Efficacy and tolerance of second-generation antipsychotics in anorexia nervosa: a systematic scoping review. PLoS One. 2023;18:e0278189. PMID 36928656 — tags: [anorexia-nervosa] — cited by: pharmacotherapy.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
Walsh BT, et al. Fluoxetine after weight restoration in anorexia nervosa: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2006;295:2605-2612. PMID 16772623. (NCT00288574) — tags: [randomized-trial, antidepressant] — cited by: pharmacotherapy.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
Walsh BT, et al. Time course of relapse following acute treatment for anorexia nervosa. Am J Psychiatry. 2021;178:848-853. PMID 34154394 — tags: [anorexia-nervosa] — cited by: pharmacotherapy.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
Zhang ZP, et al. Medication use in severe anorexia nervosa: a Danish register-based study. BMJ Ment Health. 2026;29:e301894. PMID 41688100 — tags: [register] — cited by: pharmacotherapy.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]

Severe enduring illness, ethics and lived experience¶

Ward A, et al. Follow-up mortality study of compulsorily treated patients with anorexia nervosa. Int J Eat Disord. 2015;48:860-865. PMID 25545619 — tags: [compulsory-treatment, mortality] — cited by: severe-enduring-illness-and-compulsory-treatment.md, OPEN-QUESTIONS.md [audit 2026-09-02]
Dalle Grave R, et al. Severe and enduring anorexia nervosa: no easy solutions. Int J Eat Disord. 2020. PMID 32400903 — tags: [severe-enduring] — cited by: treatment-in-adults.md, severe-enduring-illness-and-compulsory-treatment.md — publication type: Comment
Zhu J, et al. Psychological treatments for severe and enduring anorexia nervosa. Front Psychiatry. 2020. PMID 32265758 — tags: [severe-enduring] — cited by: treatment-in-adults.md, severe-enduring-illness-and-compulsory-treatment.md
Smith S, et al. Characterizing treatment-resistant anorexia nervosa. Front Psychiatry. 2020. PMID 33488410 — tags: [treatment-resistance] — cited by: severe-enduring-illness-and-compulsory-treatment.md
Westmoreland P, et al. Severe and enduring anorexia nervosa and futility. Psychiatr Clin North Am. 2021. PMID 34763793 — tags: [futility, palliative] — cited by: severe-enduring-illness-and-compulsory-treatment.md
Crow SJ, et al. Terminal anorexia nervosa cannot currently be identified. Int J Eat Disord. 2023. PMID 37057340 — tags: [terminal-anorexia, critique] — cited by: mortality-and-long-term-outcome.md, severe-enduring-illness-and-compulsory-treatment.md, patient-experience-and-advocacy.md
Carney T, et al. Involuntary treatment and quality of life. Psychiatr Clin North Am. 2019. PMID 31046931 — tags: [involuntary-treatment] — cited by: severe-enduring-illness-and-compulsory-treatment.md
Ramasamy RS, et al. Involuntary treatment of minors with severe and enduring anorexia nervosa. J Am Acad Psychiatry Law. 2021. PMID 34187872 — tags: [minors, involuntary] — cited by: severe-enduring-illness-and-compulsory-treatment.md
Jefferson A. “Terminal anorexia,” treatment refusal and decision-making capacity. Camb Q Healthc Ethics. 2024. PMID 39463268 — tags: [capacity, terminal-anorexia] — cited by: severe-enduring-illness-and-compulsory-treatment.md
Asaria A. “Terminal anorexia”: a lived experience perspective. J Eat Disord. 2023. PMID 37400874 — tags: [lived-experience, terminal-anorexia, critique] — cited by: severe-enduring-illness-and-compulsory-treatment.md, patient-experience-and-advocacy.md, patient-voice/themes.md — publication type: Letter. Argues against the terminal-AN label; the build cited it among arguments in favour, corrected in the 2026-09-02 audit
Asaria A. “Terminal anorexia”: a lived experience perspective on the proposed criteria. J Eat Disord. 2023. PMID 38082348 — tags: [lived-experience, terminal-anorexia, critique] — cited by: severe-enduring-illness-and-compulsory-treatment.md, patient-experience-and-advocacy.md, patient-voice/themes.md, patient-voice/sources.md — publication type: Letter; same author as PMID 37400874, same direction of argument
Bauschka M, et al. From disavowal to dialogue: forging collaborative ethical, clinical, and medical approaches to severe and enduring anorexia nervosa. J Eat Disord. 2025. PMID 40760030 — tags: [ethics, severe-enduring] — cited by: severe-enduring-illness-and-compulsory-treatment.md, patient-experience-and-advocacy.md, patient-voice/themes.md — publication type: Letter
Gaudiani JL, et al. Terminal anorexia nervosa: three cases and proposed clinical characteristics. J Eat Disord. 2022;10:23. PMID 35168671 — tags: [terminal-anorexia, proposal] — cited by: severe-enduring-illness-and-compulsory-treatment.md [audit 2026-09-02 — the primary proposal, previously uncited on a page devoted to the dispute]
Robison M, et al. "Terminal anorexia nervosa" may not be terminal: an empirical evaluation. J Psychopathol Clin Sci. 2024;133:285-296. PMID 38619462 — tags: [terminal-anorexia, empirical] — cited by: severe-enduring-illness-and-compulsory-treatment.md [audit 2026-09-02]
Gaudiani JL. Listening and learning: the need for a compassionate and patient-centered approach for longstanding AN. J Eat Disord. 2025;13:81. PMID 40361218 — tags: [terminal-anorexia, disavowal] — cited by: severe-enduring-illness-and-compulsory-treatment.md, patient-experience-and-advocacy.md, patient-voice/themes.md, patient-voice/sources.md [audit 2026-09-02] — publication type: Letter; formal disavowal of the term by the original proposal's lead author
Riddle M, O'Melia AM. First, do no harm: the proposed definition of "terminal anorexia" is fraught with danger for vulnerable individuals. J Eat Disord. 2022;10:81. PMID 35710504 — tags: [terminal-anorexia, critique] — cited by: severe-enduring-illness-and-compulsory-treatment.md [audit 2026-09-02] — publication type: Letter
Connor C, Kim S. What are the arguments for and against recognizing 'terminal' anorexia nervosa? A narrative review. Int Rev Psychiatry. 2026:1-13. PMID 42312722 — tags: [terminal-anorexia, review] — cited by: severe-enduring-illness-and-compulsory-treatment.md [audit 2026-09-02]
Robb S, et al. Stakeholder views on the proposed criteria for 'terminal anorexia': a mixed-methods study. Eat Disord. 2026:1-19. PMID 42410953 — tags: [terminal-anorexia, lived-experience, stakeholder] — cited by: severe-enduring-illness-and-compulsory-treatment.md, patient-experience-and-advocacy.md, patient-voice/themes.md, patient-voice/sources.md [audit 2026-09-02]
Espíndola CR, Blay SL. Anorexia nervosa's meaning to patients: a qualitative synthesis. Psychopathology. 2009. PMID 19225241 — tags: [qualitative, identity] — cited by: patient-experience-and-advocacy.md
Harrop EN, et al. Lived experience and classification of atypical anorexia nervosa. Int J Eat Disord. 2023. PMID 36577133 — tags: [atypical-anorexia, lived-experience] — cited by: diagnosis-and-classification.md, patient-experience-and-advocacy.md
Verma S, et al. A case for re-conceptualizing the “atypical.” Int J Eat Disord. 2024. PMID 37897094 — tags: [atypical-anorexia, lived-experience] — cited by: diagnosis-and-classification.md, patient-experience-and-advocacy.md
Varnado-Sullivan PJ, et al. Stigmatization and knowledge of anorexia nervosa. Eat Weight Disord. 2020. PMID 30784020 — tags: [stigma] — cited by: patient-experience-and-advocacy.md
Puhl R, Suh Y. Stigma and eating and weight disorders. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2015. PMID 25652251 — tags: [stigma] — cited by: patient-experience-and-advocacy.md
Abry F, et al. Longitudinal investigation of patients receiving involuntary treatment for extremely severe anorexia nervosa. Eur Eat Disord Rev. 2024;32:179-187. PMID 37690079 — tags: [anorexia-nervosa] — cited by: severe-enduring-illness-and-compulsory-treatment.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
Ali K, et al. Perceived barriers and facilitators towards help-seeking for eating disorders: a systematic review. Int J Eat Disord. 2017;50:9-21. PMID 27526643 — tags: [systematic-review] — cited by: patient-experience-and-advocacy.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
Brinchmann BS, et al. Nurses' experience of nasogastric tube feeding under restraint for anorexia nervosa in a psychiatric hospital. BMC Med Ethics. 2024;25:111. PMID 39385159 — tags: [anorexia-nervosa] — cited by: patient-experience-and-advocacy.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
Broomfield C, et al. Labeling and defining severe and enduring anorexia nervosa: a systematic review and critical analysis. Int J Eat Disord. 2017;50:611-623. PMID 28444828 — tags: [systematic-review] — cited by: severe-enduring-illness-and-compulsory-treatment.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
Eddy KT, et al. Recovery from anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa at 22-year follow-up. J Clin Psychiatry. 2017;78:184-189. PMID 28002660 — tags: [anorexia-nervosa] — cited by: mortality-and-long-term-outcome.md, severe-enduring-illness-and-compulsory-treatment.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
Hibbs R, et al. Clinical effectiveness of a skills training intervention for caregivers in improving patient and caregiver health following in-patient treatment for severe anorexia nervosa: pragmatic randomised controlled trial. BJPsych Open. 2015;1:56-66. PMID 27703724. (ISRCTN06149665) — tags: [randomized-trial, carers] — cited by: patient-experience-and-advocacy.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
Hodsoll J, et al. A pilot, multicentre pragmatic randomised trial to explore the impact of carer skills training on carer and patient behaviours. Eur Eat Disord Rev. 2017;25:551-561. PMID 28948663 — tags: [randomized-trial, carers] — cited by: patient-experience-and-advocacy.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
Johns G, et al. Current eating disorder healthcare services — the perspectives and experiences of individuals with eating disorders, their families and health professionals: systematic review and thematic synthesis. BJPsych Open. 2019;5:e59. PMID 31530301 — tags: [systematic-review] — cited by: patient-experience-and-advocacy.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
Offringa TM, et al. Clinicians' experiences of providing compulsory care for youth with anorexia nervosa: a qualitative study. Int J Eat Disord. 2026;59:346-361. PMID 41185403 — tags: [qualitative] — cited by: patient-experience-and-advocacy.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
Richmond TK, et al. How do you define recovery? A qualitative study of patients with eating disorders, their parents, and clinicians. Int J Eat Disord. 2020;53:1209-1218. PMID 32453448 — tags: [qualitative] — cited by: patient-experience-and-advocacy.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
Rienecke RD. Clinicians' experiences with providing compulsory nasogastric tube feeding: a commentary on Offringa et al. Int J Eat Disord. 2026;59:700-703. Commentary. PMID 41481023 — tags: [anorexia-nervosa] — cited by: patient-experience-and-advocacy.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
Roff C, Cook-Cottone C. Assisted death in eating disorders: a systematic review of cases and clinical rationales. Front Psychiatry. 2024;15:1431771. PMID 39143961 — tags: [systematic-review] — cited by: severe-enduring-illness-and-compulsory-treatment.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
Touyz S, et al. Treating severe and enduring anorexia nervosa: a randomized controlled trial. Psychol Med. 2013;43:2501-2511. PMID 23642330 — tags: [randomized-trial] — cited by: severe-enduring-illness-and-compulsory-treatment.md, treatment-in-adults.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]

Guidelines and position papers¶

Society for Adolescent Health and Medicine. Medical management of restrictive eating disorders in adolescents and young adults. J Adolesc Health. 2022. PMID 36058805 — tags: [guideline, medical-management] — cited by: overview.md, diagnosis-and-classification.md, medical-complications.md, treatment-in-adolescents.md, service-models-and-setting.md, guidelines.md, red-flags-and-safety-concerns.md
Couturier J, et al. Canadian practice guidelines for the treatment of children and adolescents with eating disorders. J Eat Disord. 2020;8:4. PMID 32021688 — tags: [guideline] — cited by: guidelines.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
Crone C, et al. The American Psychiatric Association practice guideline for the treatment of patients with eating disorders. Am J Psychiatry. 2023;180:167-171. Summary article; no abstract indexed. PMID 36722117 — tags: [guideline] — cited by: guidelines.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
Dimitropoulos G, et al. Transitions for youth and young adults with eating disorders and/or other mental health conditions: a Canadian guideline. J Eat Disord. 2025;13:158. PMID 40722124 — tags: [guideline] — cited by: guidelines.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
Hay P, et al. Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of eating disorders. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2014;48:977-1008. PMID 25351912 — tags: [guideline] — cited by: guidelines.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
Heruc G, et al. ANZAED eating disorder treatment principles and general clinical practice and training standards. J Eat Disord. 2020;8:63. PMID 33292546 — tags: [anorexia-nervosa] — cited by: guidelines.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
Heruc G, et al. ANZAED practice and training standards for dietitians providing eating disorder treatment. J Eat Disord. 2020;8:77. PMID 33317617 — tags: [anorexia-nervosa] — cited by: guidelines.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
Hilbert A, et al. Evidence-based clinical guidelines for eating disorders: international comparison. Curr Opin Psychiatry. 2017;30:423-437. PMID 28777107 — tags: [guideline] — cited by: guidelines.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
Hurst K, et al. ANZAED practice and training standards for mental health professionals providing eating disorder treatment. J Eat Disord. 2020;8:58. PMID 33292542 — tags: [anorexia-nervosa] — cited by: guidelines.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
Resmark G, et al. Treatment of anorexia nervosa — new evidence-based guidelines. J Clin Med. 2019;8:153. PMID 30700054 — tags: [guideline] — cited by: guidelines.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]
Schaumberg K, et al. The science behind the Academy for Eating Disorders' Nine Truths About Eating Disorders. Eur Eat Disord Rev. 2017;25:432-450. PMID 28967161 — tags: [anorexia-nervosa] — cited by: guidelines.md [deepening pass 2026-09-02]