Perkovic et al. — FLOW¶

One-paragraph summary¶

FLOW randomised people with T2D and CKD to semaglutide or placebo and demonstrated reduced kidney-disease progression, moving GLP-1RA renal evidence from albuminuria-dominated secondary analyses to a dedicated kidney outcome trial (PMID 38785209; NCT03819153 verified live).

Key findings¶

Established clinically relevant kidney protection with semaglutide.
Supports layered SGLT2/GLP-1 cardiorenal care, though direct combination evidence remains limited.

Limitations¶

Results apply to the enrolled T2D+CKD spectrum and background treatment.
Mechanistic contribution of weight, glycaemia and direct renal effects is unresolved.

Why it matters¶

It broadened GLP-1RA positioning from cardiovascular/weight therapy to kidney protection.

Cited by wiki pages¶

Biomarkers
Clinical trials landscape
Complications
Glycaemic management and legacy trials
Guidelines
Incretin therapies
Overview
Red flags and safety
SGLT2 inhibitors
Youth-onset T2D