Stroke literature — master bibliography

Last updated: 2026-08-30

Every PMID used anywhere in the stroke condition is listed once below. All records were resolved through live PubMed E-utilities during this build; metadata in this file was regenerated from the live summaries. Entries are grouped by their first major domain, while cited by preserves every condition file that uses the record.

Definitions, diagnosis, and epidemiology

• Abdelatif N, et al. National prevalence of coronary heart disease and stroke in South Africa from 1990-2017: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cardiovasc J Afr. 2021. PMID 33769427 — tags: [stroke, definitions-diagnosis-and-epidemiology] — cited by: wiki/epidemiology-and-burden.md
• Abraham MK, et al. Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Emerg Med Clin North Am. 2016. PMID 27741994 — tags: [stroke, definitions-diagnosis-and-epidemiology] — cited by: wiki/classification-and-diagnostic-workup.md
• Adams HP Jr, et al. Classification of subtype of acute ischemic stroke. Definitions for use in a multicenter clinical trial. TOAST. Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment. Stroke. 1993. PMID 7678184 — tags: [stroke, definitions-diagnosis-and-epidemiology] — cited by: OPEN-QUESTIONS.md, wiki/classification-and-diagnostic-workup.md
• Addo J, et al. Socioeconomic status and stroke: an updated review. Stroke. 2012. PMID 22363052 — tags: [stroke, definitions-diagnosis-and-epidemiology] — cited by: wiki/epidemiology-and-burden.md
• Albers GW, et al. Thrombectomy for Stroke at 6 to 16 Hours with Selection by Perfusion Imaging. N Engl J Med. 2018. PMID 29364767 — tags: [stroke, definitions-diagnosis-and-epidemiology] — cited by: OPEN-QUESTIONS.md, wiki/acute-ischemic-stroke.md, wiki/biomarkers-and-imaging-markers.md, wiki/cerebrovascular-biology-and-penumbra.md, wiki/clinical-trials-landscape.md, wiki/overview.md
• Amarenco P, et al. Classification of stroke subtypes. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2009. PMID 19342825 — tags: [stroke, definitions-diagnosis-and-epidemiology] — cited by: wiki/classification-and-diagnostic-workup.md
• Amarenco P, et al. The ASCOD phenotyping of ischemic stroke (Updated ASCO Phenotyping). Cerebrovasc Dis. 2013. PMID 23899749 — tags: [stroke, definitions-diagnosis-and-epidemiology] — cited by: OPEN-QUESTIONS.md, wiki/classification-and-diagnostic-workup.md
• Anderson CS, et al. Rapid blood-pressure lowering in patients with acute intracerebral hemorrhage. N Engl J Med. 2013. PMID 23713578 — tags: [stroke, definitions-diagnosis-and-epidemiology] — cited by: OPEN-QUESTIONS.md, literature/notes/anderson-2013-interact2.md, wiki/clinical-trials-landscape.md, wiki/intracerebral-hemorrhage.md, wiki/overview.md — note: notes/anderson-2013-interact2.md
• Appelros P, et al. Sex differences in stroke epidemiology: a systematic review. Stroke. 2009. PMID 19211488 — tags: [stroke, definitions-diagnosis-and-epidemiology] — cited by: wiki/epidemiology-and-burden.md
• Balabanski AH, et al. Incidence of Stroke in Indigenous Populations of Countries With a Very High Human Development Index: A Systematic Review. Neurology. 2024. PMID 38354325 — tags: [stroke, definitions-diagnosis-and-epidemiology] — cited by: wiki/epidemiology-and-burden.md
• Berkhemer OA, et al. A randomized trial of intraarterial treatment for acute ischemic stroke. N Engl J Med. 2015. PMID 25517348 — tags: [stroke, definitions-diagnosis-and-epidemiology] — cited by: wiki/acute-ischemic-stroke.md, wiki/classification-and-diagnostic-workup.md, wiki/clinical-trials-landscape.md, wiki/outcomes-and-prognostication.md, wiki/overview.md
• Bernhardt J, et al. Agreed definitions and a shared vision for new standards in stroke recovery research: The Stroke Recovery and Rehabilitation Roundtable taskforce. Int J Stroke. 2017. PMID 28697708 — tags: [stroke, definitions-diagnosis-and-epidemiology] — cited by: INDEX.md, OPEN-QUESTIONS.md, wiki/biomarkers-and-imaging-markers.md, wiki/clinical-trials-landscape.md, wiki/epidemiology-and-burden.md, wiki/outcomes-and-prognostication.md, wiki/overview.md, wiki/patient-experience-and-advocacy.md, wiki/rehabilitation-and-recovery.md
• Biesbroek JM, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of CT perfusion imaging for detecting acute ischemic stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2013. PMID 23736122 — tags: [stroke, definitions-diagnosis-and-epidemiology] — cited by: OPEN-QUESTIONS.md, wiki/biomarkers-and-imaging-markers.md, wiki/classification-and-diagnostic-workup.md
• Boot E, et al. Ischaemic stroke in young adults: a global perspective. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2020. PMID 32015089 — tags: [stroke, definitions-diagnosis-and-epidemiology] — cited by: wiki/epidemiology-and-burden.md
• Brazzelli M, et al. Diffusion-weighted imaging and diagnosis of transient ischemic attack. Ann Neurol. 2014. PMID 24085376 — tags: [stroke, definitions-diagnosis-and-epidemiology] — cited by: wiki/classification-and-diagnostic-workup.md
• Chen T, et al. Long-term unmet needs after stroke: systematic review of evidence from survey studies. BMJ Open. 2019. PMID 31110106 — tags: [stroke, definitions-diagnosis-and-epidemiology] — cited by: INDEX.md, OPEN-QUESTIONS.md, literature/patient-voice/README.md, literature/patient-voice/sources.md, literature/patient-voice/themes.md, literature/statistics/STATISTICS.md, wiki/overview.md, wiki/patient-experience-and-advocacy.md
• Chojdak-Łukasiewicz J, et al. Cerebral small vessel disease: A review. Adv Clin Exp Med. 2021. PMID 33768739 — tags: [stroke, definitions-diagnosis-and-epidemiology] — cited by: wiki/overview.md
• Claassen J, et al. Spontaneous subarachnoid haemorrhage. Lancet. 2022. PMID 35985353 — tags: [stroke, definitions-diagnosis-and-epidemiology] — cited by: OPEN-QUESTIONS.md, wiki/classification-and-diagnostic-workup.md, wiki/epidemiology-and-burden.md
• Czap AL, et al. Overview of Imaging Modalities in Stroke. Neurology. 2021. PMID 34785603 — tags: [stroke, definitions-diagnosis-and-epidemiology] — cited by: wiki/classification-and-diagnostic-workup.md
• de Paiva Bezerra R, et al. Etiological Classification of Stroke in Patients with Chagas Disease Using TOAST, Causative Classification System TOAST, and ASCOD Phenotyping. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2017. PMID 28844546 — tags: [stroke, definitions-diagnosis-and-epidemiology] — cited by: wiki/classification-and-diagnostic-workup.md
• Demaerschalk BM, et al. US cost burden of ischemic stroke: a systematic literature review. Am J Manag Care. 2010. PMID 20645668 — tags: [stroke, definitions-diagnosis-and-epidemiology] — cited by: wiki/epidemiology-and-burden.md
• Edlow BL, et al. Diagnosis of DWI-negative acute ischemic stroke: A meta-analysis. Neurology. 2017. PMID 28615423 — tags: [stroke, definitions-diagnosis-and-epidemiology] — cited by: OPEN-QUESTIONS.md, wiki/biomarkers-and-imaging-markers.md, wiki/classification-and-diagnostic-workup.md
• Emberson J, et al. Effect of treatment delay, age, and stroke severity on the effects of intravenous thrombolysis with alteplase for acute ischaemic stroke: a meta-analysis of individual patient data from randomised trials. Lancet. 2014. PMID 25106063 — tags: [stroke, definitions-diagnosis-and-epidemiology] — cited by: wiki/acute-ischemic-stroke.md, wiki/cerebrovascular-biology-and-penumbra.md, wiki/classification-and-diagnostic-workup.md, wiki/overview.md
• Etminan N, et al. Worldwide Incidence of Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage According to Region, Time Period, Blood Pressure, and Smoking Prevalence in the Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Neurol. 2019. PMID 30659573 — tags: [stroke, definitions-diagnosis-and-epidemiology] — cited by: wiki/epidemiology-and-burden.md
• Feigin VL, et al. Worldwide stroke incidence and early case fatality reported in 56 population-based studies: a systematic review. Lancet Neurol. 2009. PMID 19233729 — tags: [stroke, definitions-diagnosis-and-epidemiology] — cited by: wiki/epidemiology-and-burden.md
• GBD 2016 Stroke Collaborators Global, regional, and national burden of stroke, 1990-2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. Lancet Neurol. 2019. PMID 30871944 — tags: [stroke, definitions-diagnosis-and-epidemiology] — cited by: wiki/epidemiology-and-burden.md
• GBD 2019 Diseases and Injuries Collaborators Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet. 2020. PMID 33069326 — tags: [stroke, definitions-diagnosis-and-epidemiology] — cited by: wiki/epidemiology-and-burden.md
• GBD 2019 Stroke Collaborators Global, regional, and national burden of stroke and its risk factors, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet Neurol. 2021. PMID 34487721 — tags: [stroke, definitions-diagnosis-and-epidemiology] — cited by: OPEN-QUESTIONS.md, literature/statistics/STATISTICS.md, wiki/epidemiology-and-burden.md, wiki/outcomes-and-prognostication.md, wiki/overview.md
• GBD 2021 Causes of Death Collaborators Global burden of 288 causes of death and life expectancy decomposition in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1990-2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. Lancet. 2024. PMID 38582094 — tags: [stroke, definitions-diagnosis-and-epidemiology] — cited by: wiki/epidemiology-and-burden.md
• GBD 2021 Stroke Risk Factor Collaborators Global, regional, and national burden of stroke and its risk factors, 1990-2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. Lancet Neurol. 2024. PMID 39304265 — tags: [stroke, definitions-diagnosis-and-epidemiology] — cited by: INDEX.md, wiki/epidemiology-and-burden.md
• Goyal M, et al. Endovascular thrombectomy after large-vessel ischaemic stroke: a meta-analysis of individual patient data from five randomised trials. Lancet. 2016. PMID 26898852 — tags: [stroke, definitions-diagnosis-and-epidemiology] — cited by: INDEX.md, OPEN-QUESTIONS.md, literature/notes/goyal-2016-hermes.md, wiki/acute-ischemic-stroke.md, wiki/cerebrovascular-biology-and-penumbra.md, wiki/clinical-trials-landscape.md, wiki/outcomes-and-prognostication.md, wiki/overview.md, wiki/red-flags-and-safety-concerns.md — note: notes/goyal-2016-hermes.md
• Goyal M, et al. Randomized assessment of rapid endovascular treatment of ischemic stroke. N Engl J Med. 2015. PMID 25671798 — tags: [stroke, definitions-diagnosis-and-epidemiology] — cited by: wiki/acute-ischemic-stroke.md, wiki/classification-and-diagnostic-workup.md
• Granger CB, et al. Apixaban versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med. 2011. PMID 21870978 — tags: [stroke, definitions-diagnosis-and-epidemiology] — cited by: wiki/cardioembolic-and-cryptogenic-stroke.md, wiki/overview.md
• Greenberg SM, et al. 2022 Guideline for the Management of Patients With Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage: A Guideline From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2022. PMID 35579034 — tags: [stroke, definitions-diagnosis-and-epidemiology] — cited by: INDEX.md, OPEN-QUESTIONS.md, literature/guidelines/REGISTRY.md, wiki/classification-and-diagnostic-workup.md, wiki/clinical-trials-landscape.md, wiki/guidelines.md, wiki/intracerebral-hemorrhage.md, wiki/outcomes-and-prognostication.md, wiki/overview.md, wiki/red-flags-and-safety-concerns.md
• H Buck B, et al. Stroke mimics: incidence, aetiology, clinical features and treatment. Ann Med. 2021. PMID 33678099 — tags: [stroke, definitions-diagnosis-and-epidemiology] — cited by: wiki/classification-and-diagnostic-workup.md
• Hacke W, et al. Thrombolysis with alteplase 3 to 4.5 hours after acute ischemic stroke. N Engl J Med. 2008. PMID 18815396 — tags: [stroke, definitions-diagnosis-and-epidemiology] — cited by: wiki/acute-ischemic-stroke.md, wiki/clinical-trials-landscape.md, wiki/overview.md
• Jacobs BS, et al. Stroke in the young in the northern Manhattan stroke study. Stroke. 2002. PMID 12468771 — tags: [stroke, definitions-diagnosis-and-epidemiology] — cited by: wiki/epidemiology-and-burden.md
• Johnston SC, et al. Clopidogrel and Aspirin in Acute Ischemic Stroke and High-Risk TIA. N Engl J Med. 2018. PMID 29766750 — tags: [stroke, definitions-diagnosis-and-epidemiology] — cited by: OPEN-QUESTIONS.md, wiki/clinical-trials-landscape.md, wiki/overview.md, wiki/red-flags-and-safety-concerns.md, wiki/secondary-prevention.md
• Katan M, et al. Global Burden of Stroke. Semin Neurol. 2018. PMID 29791947 — tags: [stroke, definitions-diagnosis-and-epidemiology] — cited by: wiki/epidemiology-and-burden.md
• Kleindorfer DO, et al. 2021 Guideline for the Prevention of Stroke in Patients With Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack: A Guideline From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2021. PMID 34024117 — tags: [stroke, definitions-diagnosis-and-epidemiology] — cited by: INDEX.md, literature/guidelines/REGISTRY.md, wiki/cardioembolic-and-cryptogenic-stroke.md, wiki/classification-and-diagnostic-workup.md, wiki/guidelines.md, wiki/overview.md, wiki/secondary-prevention.md
• Langhorne P, et al. Organised inpatient (stroke unit) care for stroke: network meta-analysis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020. PMID 32324916 — tags: [stroke, definitions-diagnosis-and-epidemiology] — cited by: INDEX.md, literature/notes/langhorne-2020-stroke-units.md, literature/statistics/STATISTICS.md, wiki/clinical-trials-landscape.md, wiki/outcomes-and-prognostication.md, wiki/overview.md, wiki/rehabilitation-and-recovery.md, wiki/stroke-units-and-systems-of-care.md — note: notes/langhorne-2020-stroke-units.md
• Lee PH, et al. Cryptogenic Stroke and High-Risk Patent Foramen Ovale: The DEFENSE-PFO Trial. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2018. PMID 29544871 — tags: [stroke, definitions-diagnosis-and-epidemiology] — cited by: OPEN-QUESTIONS.md, wiki/cardioembolic-and-cryptogenic-stroke.md, wiki/overview.md
• Lees KR, et al. Time to treatment with intravenous alteplase and outcome in stroke: an updated pooled analysis of ECASS, ATLANTIS, NINDS, and EPITHET trials. Lancet. 2010. PMID 20472172 — tags: [stroke, definitions-diagnosis-and-epidemiology] — cited by: wiki/overview.md
• Li L, et al. Trends in Stroke Incidence in High-Income Countries in the 21st Century: Population-Based Study and Systematic Review. Stroke. 2020. PMID 32208842 — tags: [stroke, definitions-diagnosis-and-epidemiology] — cited by: wiki/epidemiology-and-burden.md
• Liberman AL, et al. Stroke Chameleons and Stroke Mimics in the Emergency Department. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2017. PMID 28229398 — tags: [stroke, definitions-diagnosis-and-epidemiology] — cited by: wiki/classification-and-diagnostic-workup.md
• Mehndiratta P, et al. Etiologic stroke subtypes: updated definition and efficient workup strategies. Curr Treat Options Cardiovasc Med. 2015. PMID 25398425 — tags: [stroke, definitions-diagnosis-and-epidemiology] — cited by: wiki/classification-and-diagnostic-workup.md
• Menon BK, et al. Intravenous tenecteplase compared with alteplase for acute ischaemic stroke in Canada (AcT): a pragmatic, multicentre, open-label, registry-linked, randomised, controlled, non-inferiority trial. Lancet. 2022. PMID 35779553 — tags: [stroke, definitions-diagnosis-and-epidemiology] — cited by: INDEX.md, OPEN-QUESTIONS.md, wiki/acute-ischemic-stroke.md, wiki/clinical-trials-landscape.md, wiki/overview.md
• Moulin S, et al. Stroke mimics and chameleons. Curr Opin Neurol. 2019. PMID 30239360 — tags: [stroke, definitions-diagnosis-and-epidemiology] — cited by: wiki/classification-and-diagnostic-workup.md
• National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke rt-PA Stroke Study Group Tissue plasminogen activator for acute ischemic stroke. N Engl J Med. 1995. PMID 7477192 — tags: [stroke, definitions-diagnosis-and-epidemiology] — cited by: INDEX.md, literature/notes/ninds-1995-alteplase.md, wiki/acute-ischemic-stroke.md, wiki/clinical-trials-landscape.md, wiki/overview.md, wiki/red-flags-and-safety-concerns.md — note: notes/ninds-1995-alteplase.md
• Nogueira RG, et al. Thrombectomy 6 to 24 Hours after Stroke with a Mismatch between Deficit and Infarct. N Engl J Med. 2018. PMID 29129157 — tags: [stroke, definitions-diagnosis-and-epidemiology] — cited by: INDEX.md, OPEN-QUESTIONS.md, literature/notes/nogueira-2018-dawn.md, wiki/acute-ischemic-stroke.md, wiki/biomarkers-and-imaging-markers.md, wiki/cerebrovascular-biology-and-penumbra.md, wiki/clinical-trials-landscape.md, wiki/outcomes-and-prognostication.md, wiki/overview.md — note: notes/nogueira-2018-dawn.md
• O'Donnell MJ, et al. Global and regional effects of potentially modifiable risk factors associated with acute stroke in 32 countries (INTERSTROKE): a case-control study. Lancet. 2016. PMID 27431356 — tags: [stroke, definitions-diagnosis-and-epidemiology] — cited by: wiki/epidemiology-and-burden.md
• O'Donnell MJ, et al. Risk factors for ischaemic and intracerebral haemorrhagic stroke in 22 countries (the INTERSTROKE study): a case-control study. Lancet. 2010. PMID 20561675 — tags: [stroke, definitions-diagnosis-and-epidemiology] — cited by: wiki/epidemiology-and-burden.md
• Pan Y, et al. Outcomes Associated With Clopidogrel-Aspirin Use in Minor Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack: A Pooled Analysis of Clopidogrel in High-Risk Patients With Acute Non-Disabling Cerebrovascular Events (CHANCE) and Platelet-Oriented Inhibition in New TIA and Minor Ischemic Stroke (POINT) Trials. JAMA Neurol. 2019. PMID 31424481 — tags: [stroke, definitions-diagnosis-and-epidemiology] — cited by: OPEN-QUESTIONS.md, wiki/overview.md
• Pandian JD, et al. Strategies to Improve Stroke Care Services in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review. Neuroepidemiology. 2017. PMID 28848165 — tags: [stroke, definitions-diagnosis-and-epidemiology] — cited by: OPEN-QUESTIONS.md, wiki/epidemiology-and-burden.md, wiki/overview.md
• Paul S, et al. Emerging neuroprotective strategies for the treatment of ischemic stroke: An overview of clinical and preclinical studies. Exp Neurol. 2021. PMID 33144066 — tags: [stroke, definitions-diagnosis-and-epidemiology] — cited by: OPEN-QUESTIONS.md, wiki/cerebrovascular-biology-and-penumbra.md, wiki/clinical-trials-landscape.md, wiki/overview.md
• Pohl M, et al. Ischemic stroke mimics: A comprehensive review. J Clin Neurosci. 2021. PMID 34656244 — tags: [stroke, definitions-diagnosis-and-epidemiology] — cited by: wiki/classification-and-diagnostic-workup.md
• Potter TBH, et al. A Contemporary Review of Epidemiology, Risk Factors, Etiology, and Outcomes of Premature Stroke. Curr Atheroscler Rep. 2022. PMID 36374365 — tags: [stroke, definitions-diagnosis-and-epidemiology] — cited by: wiki/epidemiology-and-burden.md, wiki/overview.md
• PROGRESS Collaborative Group Randomised trial of a perindopril-based blood-pressure-lowering regimen among 6,105 individuals with previous stroke or transient ischaemic attack. Lancet. 2001. PMID 11589932 — tags: [stroke, definitions-diagnosis-and-epidemiology] — cited by: wiki/clinical-trials-landscape.md, wiki/overview.md, wiki/secondary-prevention.md
• European Carotid Surgery Trialists' Collaborative Group. Randomised trial of endarterectomy for recently symptomatic carotid stenosis: final results of the MRC European Carotid Surgery Trial (ECST). Lancet. 1998. PMID 9593407 — tags: [stroke, definitions-diagnosis-and-epidemiology] — cited by: wiki/overview.md, wiki/secondary-prevention.md
• Sacco RL, et al. An updated definition of stroke for the 21st century: a statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2013. PMID 23652265 — tags: [stroke, definitions-diagnosis-and-epidemiology] — cited by: INDEX.md, wiki/classification-and-diagnostic-workup.md, wiki/overview.md
• Schneider AM, et al. Posterior circulation ischaemic stroke diagnosis and management. Clin Med (Lond). 2023. PMID 37236792 — tags: [stroke, definitions-diagnosis-and-epidemiology] — cited by: wiki/classification-and-diagnostic-workup.md
• Siket MS, et al. Transient ischemic attack: reviewing the evolution of the definition, diagnosis, risk stratification, and management for the emergency physician. Emerg Med Clin North Am. 2012. PMID 22974647 — tags: [stroke, definitions-diagnosis-and-epidemiology] — cited by: wiki/classification-and-diagnostic-workup.md
• Sirimarco G, et al. Overlap of diseases underlying ischemic stroke: the ASCOD phenotyping. Stroke. 2013. PMID 23860300 — tags: [stroke, definitions-diagnosis-and-epidemiology] — cited by: wiki/classification-and-diagnostic-workup.md
• Sorensen AG, et al. Transient ischemic attack: definition, diagnosis, and risk stratification. Neuroimaging Clin N Am. 2011. PMID 21640301 — tags: [stroke, definitions-diagnosis-and-epidemiology] — cited by: wiki/classification-and-diagnostic-workup.md
• Tan KS, et al. Stroke in Asia. Cerebrovasc Dis Extra. 2024. PMID 38657577 — tags: [stroke, definitions-diagnosis-and-epidemiology] — cited by: wiki/epidemiology-and-burden.md
• van Gijn J, et al. Subarachnoid haemorrhage. Lancet. 2007. PMID 17258671 — tags: [stroke, definitions-diagnosis-and-epidemiology] — cited by: OPEN-QUESTIONS.md, wiki/classification-and-diagnostic-workup.md
• Vilela P, et al. Acute stroke differential diagnosis: Stroke mimics. Eur J Radiol. 2017. PMID 28551302 — tags: [stroke, definitions-diagnosis-and-epidemiology] — cited by: wiki/classification-and-diagnostic-workup.md
• Wang Y, et al. Clopidogrel with aspirin in acute minor stroke or transient ischemic attack. N Engl J Med. 2013. PMID 23803136 — tags: [stroke, definitions-diagnosis-and-epidemiology] — cited by: OPEN-QUESTIONS.md, wiki/clinical-trials-landscape.md, wiki/overview.md, wiki/red-flags-and-safety-concerns.md, wiki/secondary-prevention.md
• Wardlaw JM, et al. Small vessel disease: mechanisms and clinical implications. Lancet Neurol. 2019. PMID 31097385 — tags: [stroke, definitions-diagnosis-and-epidemiology] — cited by: OPEN-QUESTIONS.md, wiki/cerebral-small-vessel-disease.md, wiki/overview.md
• Winstein CJ, et al. Guidelines for Adult Stroke Rehabilitation and Recovery: A Guideline for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2016. PMID 27145936 — tags: [stroke, definitions-diagnosis-and-epidemiology] — cited by: literature/guidelines/REGISTRY.md, wiki/clinical-trials-landscape.md, wiki/epidemiology-and-burden.md, wiki/overview.md, wiki/rehabilitation-and-recovery.md
• Wittenberg E, et al. Disutility of illness for caregivers and families: a systematic review of the literature. Pharmacoeconomics. 2013. PMID 23572441 — tags: [stroke, definitions-diagnosis-and-epidemiology] — cited by: wiki/epidemiology-and-burden.md
• Yew KS, et al. Diagnosis of acute stroke. Am Fam Physician. 2015. PMID 25884860 — tags: [stroke, definitions-diagnosis-and-epidemiology] — cited by: wiki/classification-and-diagnostic-workup.md

Cerebrovascular biology, small vessels, imaging, and biomarkers

• Athreya S, et al. DSA-NRP: No-Reflow Prediction From Angiographic Perfusion Dynamics in Stroke EVT. IEEE Trans Med Imaging. 2026;45:4277-4286. PMID 42184179 — tags: [stroke, cerebrovascular-biology-small-vessels-imaging-and-biomarkers] — cited by: OPEN-QUESTIONS.md
• Haidegger M, et al. Plasma neurofilament light chain and glial fibrillary acidic protein in the differential diagnosis of acute vertigo in the emergency department. J Neurol. 2026;273. PMID 41961296 — tags: [stroke, cerebrovascular-biology-small-vessels-imaging-and-biomarkers] — cited by: wiki/biomarkers-and-imaging-markers.md
• Al-Shahi Salman R, et al. Effects of antiplatelet therapy on stroke risk by brain imaging features of intracerebral haemorrhage and cerebral small vessel diseases: subgroup analyses of the RESTART randomised, open-label trial. Lancet Neurol. 2019. PMID 31129065 — tags: [stroke, cerebrovascular-biology-small-vessels-imaging-and-biomarkers] — cited by: wiki/cerebral-small-vessel-disease.md
• Arheix-Parras S, et al. Electrophysiological Changes in Patients with Post-stroke Aphasia: A Systematic Review. Brain Topogr. 2023. PMID 36749552 — tags: [stroke, cerebrovascular-biology-small-vessels-imaging-and-biomarkers] — cited by: wiki/biomarkers-and-imaging-markers.md
• Arteaga DF, et al. Collateral status, hyperglycemia, and functional outcome after acute ischemic stroke. BMC Neurol. 2022. PMID 36333676 — tags: [stroke, cerebrovascular-biology-small-vessels-imaging-and-biomarkers] — cited by: wiki/cerebrovascular-biology-and-penumbra.md
• SPS3 Study Group. Blood-pressure targets in patients with recent lacunar stroke: the SPS3 randomised trial. Lancet. 2013. PMID 23726159 — tags: [stroke, cerebrovascular-biology-small-vessels-imaging-and-biomarkers] — cited by: wiki/cerebral-small-vessel-disease.md, wiki/secondary-prevention.md
• SPS3 Investigators. Effects of clopidogrel added to aspirin in patients with recent lacunar stroke. N Engl J Med. 2012. PMID 22931315 — tags: [stroke, cerebrovascular-biology-small-vessels-imaging-and-biomarkers] — cited by: wiki/cerebral-small-vessel-disease.md, wiki/secondary-prevention.md
• Best JG, et al. Development of imaging-based risk scores for prediction of intracranial haemorrhage and ischaemic stroke in patients taking antithrombotic therapy after ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack: a pooled analysis of individual patient data from cohort studies. Lancet Neurol. 2021. PMID 33743239 — tags: [stroke, cerebrovascular-biology-small-vessels-imaging-and-biomarkers] — cited by: wiki/cerebral-small-vessel-disease.md
• Candelario-Jalil E, et al. Neuroinflammation, Stroke, Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction, and Imaging Modalities. Stroke. 2022. PMID 35387495 — tags: [stroke, cerebrovascular-biology-small-vessels-imaging-and-biomarkers] — cited by: OPEN-QUESTIONS.md, wiki/biomarkers-and-imaging-markers.md, wiki/cerebrovascular-biology-and-penumbra.md
• Cannistraro RJ, et al. CNS small vessel disease: A clinical review. Neurology. 2019. PMID 31142635 — tags: [stroke, cerebrovascular-biology-small-vessels-imaging-and-biomarkers] — cited by: wiki/cerebral-small-vessel-disease.md
• Charidimou A, et al. The Boston criteria version 2.0 for cerebral amyloid angiopathy: a multicentre, retrospective, MRI-neuropathology diagnostic accuracy study. Lancet Neurol. 2022. PMID 35841910 — tags: [stroke, cerebrovascular-biology-small-vessels-imaging-and-biomarkers] — cited by: wiki/cerebral-small-vessel-disease.md
• Debette S, et al. Clinical Significance of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Markers of Vascular Brain Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Neurol. 2019. PMID 30422209 — tags: [stroke, cerebrovascular-biology-small-vessels-imaging-and-biomarkers] — cited by: wiki/cerebral-small-vessel-disease.md
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• Fang Y, et al. Cerebral Small-Vessel Disease and Risk of Incidence of Depression: A Meta-Analysis of Longitudinal Cohort Studies. J Am Heart Assoc. 2020. PMID 32715831 — tags: [stroke, cerebrovascular-biology-small-vessels-imaging-and-biomarkers] — cited by: wiki/cerebral-small-vessel-disease.md
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• Ginsberg MD, et al. Adventures in the pathophysiology of brain ischemia: penumbra, gene expression, neuroprotection: the 2002 Thomas Willis Lecture. Stroke. 2003. PMID 12511777 — tags: [stroke, cerebrovascular-biology-small-vessels-imaging-and-biomarkers] — cited by: wiki/cerebrovascular-biology-and-penumbra.md
• Greenberg SM, et al. Cerebral microbleeds: a guide to detection and interpretation. Lancet Neurol. 2009. PMID 19161908 — tags: [stroke, cerebrovascular-biology-small-vessels-imaging-and-biomarkers] — cited by: wiki/cerebral-small-vessel-disease.md
• Guadagno JV, et al. Imaging the ischaemic penumbra. Curr Opin Neurol. 2004. PMID 15090879 — tags: [stroke, cerebrovascular-biology-small-vessels-imaging-and-biomarkers] — cited by: OPEN-QUESTIONS.md, wiki/cerebrovascular-biology-and-penumbra.md
• Gupta A, et al. Silent Brain Infarction and Risk of Future Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Stroke. 2016. PMID 26888534 — tags: [stroke, cerebrovascular-biology-small-vessels-imaging-and-biomarkers] — cited by: wiki/cerebral-small-vessel-disease.md
• Hasan N, et al. Towards the identification of blood biomarkers for acute stroke in humans: a comprehensive systematic review. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2012. PMID 22320313 — tags: [stroke, cerebrovascular-biology-small-vessels-imaging-and-biomarkers] — cited by: OPEN-QUESTIONS.md, wiki/biomarkers-and-imaging-markers.md
• Hong L, et al. Neuroimaging Prediction of Hemorrhagic Transformation for Acute Ischemic Stroke. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2022. PMID 35026765 — tags: [stroke, cerebrovascular-biology-small-vessels-imaging-and-biomarkers] — cited by: wiki/biomarkers-and-imaging-markers.md
• Hossmann KA, et al. Cerebral ischemia: models, methods and outcomes. Neuropharmacology. 2008. PMID 18222496 — tags: [stroke, cerebrovascular-biology-small-vessels-imaging-and-biomarkers] — cited by: wiki/cerebrovascular-biology-and-penumbra.md
• Jayaraj RL, et al. Neuroinflammation: friend and foe for ischemic stroke. J Neuroinflammation. 2019. PMID 31291966 — tags: [stroke, cerebrovascular-biology-small-vessels-imaging-and-biomarkers] — cited by: OPEN-QUESTIONS.md, wiki/cerebrovascular-biology-and-penumbra.md
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• Jickling GC, et al. Hemorrhagic transformation after ischemic stroke in animals and humans. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2014. PMID 24281743 — tags: [stroke, cerebrovascular-biology-small-vessels-imaging-and-biomarkers] — cited by: wiki/biomarkers-and-imaging-markers.md
• Kilarski LL, et al. Prevalence of CADASIL and Fabry Disease in a Cohort of MRI Defined Younger Onset Lacunar Stroke. PLoS One. 2015. PMID 26305465 — tags: [stroke, cerebrovascular-biology-small-vessels-imaging-and-biomarkers] — cited by: wiki/cerebral-small-vessel-disease.md
• Kim B, et al. Can Neurological Biomarkers of Brain Impairment Be Used to Predict Poststroke Motor Recovery? A Systematic Review. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2017. PMID 27503908 — tags: [stroke, cerebrovascular-biology-small-vessels-imaging-and-biomarkers] — cited by: OPEN-QUESTIONS.md, wiki/biomarkers-and-imaging-markers.md
• Kovács KB, et al. Hemorrhagic Transformation of Ischemic Strokes. Int J Mol Sci. 2023. PMID 37762370 — tags: [stroke, cerebrovascular-biology-small-vessels-imaging-and-biomarkers] — cited by: wiki/biomarkers-and-imaging-markers.md
• Krishnamoorthy S, et al. Biomarkers in the Prediction of Hemorrhagic Transformation in Acute Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2022. PMID 34569521 — tags: [stroke, cerebrovascular-biology-small-vessels-imaging-and-biomarkers] — cited by: OPEN-QUESTIONS.md, wiki/biomarkers-and-imaging-markers.md
• Lee JS, et al. Collateral Status and Outcomes after Thrombectomy. Transl Stroke Res. 2023. PMID 35687300 — tags: [stroke, cerebrovascular-biology-small-vessels-imaging-and-biomarkers] — cited by: wiki/biomarkers-and-imaging-markers.md, wiki/cerebrovascular-biology-and-penumbra.md
• Leng X, et al. Impact of Collateral Status on Successful Revascularization in Endovascular Treatment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2016. PMID 26579719 — tags: [stroke, cerebrovascular-biology-small-vessels-imaging-and-biomarkers] — cited by: OPEN-QUESTIONS.md, wiki/biomarkers-and-imaging-markers.md, wiki/cerebrovascular-biology-and-penumbra.md
• Liaw N, et al. Emerging therapies in acute ischemic stroke. F1000Res. 2020. PMID 32551094 — tags: [stroke, cerebrovascular-biology-small-vessels-imaging-and-biomarkers] — cited by: wiki/cerebrovascular-biology-and-penumbra.md
• Liu C, et al. Hemorrhagic Transformation After Tissue Plasminogen Activator Treatment in Acute Ischemic Stroke. Cell Mol Neurobiol. 2022. PMID 33125600 — tags: [stroke, cerebrovascular-biology-small-vessels-imaging-and-biomarkers] — cited by: wiki/biomarkers-and-imaging-markers.md
• Liu LR, et al. Interaction of Microglia and Astrocytes in the Neurovascular Unit. Front Immunol. 2020. PMID 32733433 — tags: [stroke, cerebrovascular-biology-small-vessels-imaging-and-biomarkers] — cited by: wiki/cerebrovascular-biology-and-penumbra.md
• Lu G, et al. Potential biomarkers for predicting hemorrhagic transformation of ischemic stroke. Int J Neurosci. 2018. PMID 28726570 — tags: [stroke, cerebrovascular-biology-small-vessels-imaging-and-biomarkers] — cited by: wiki/biomarkers-and-imaging-markers.md
• Macdonald RL, et al. Pathophysiology of cerebral ischemia. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo). 1998. PMID 9540326 — tags: [stroke, cerebrovascular-biology-small-vessels-imaging-and-biomarkers] — cited by: wiki/cerebrovascular-biology-and-penumbra.md
• Markus HS, et al. Cerebral small vessel disease: Recent advances and future directions. Int J Stroke. 2023. PMID 36575578 — tags: [stroke, cerebrovascular-biology-small-vessels-imaging-and-biomarkers] — cited by: wiki/cerebral-small-vessel-disease.md
• Martin AJ, et al. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Molecular Biomarkers Associated with Early Neurological Deterioration Following Acute Stroke. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2018. PMID 30517919 — tags: [stroke, cerebrovascular-biology-small-vessels-imaging-and-biomarkers] — cited by: wiki/biomarkers-and-imaging-markers.md
• McDermott CM, et al. Discrimination of ischemic versus hemorrhagic stroke type by presenting symptoms or signs: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2025. PMID 40759192 — tags: [stroke, cerebrovascular-biology-small-vessels-imaging-and-biomarkers] — cited by: wiki/biomarkers-and-imaging-markers.md
• Mosca L, et al. NOTCH3 gene mutations in subjects clinically suspected of CADASIL. J Neurol Sci. 2011. PMID 21616505 — tags: [stroke, cerebrovascular-biology-small-vessels-imaging-and-biomarkers] — cited by: wiki/cerebral-small-vessel-disease.md
• Nasrallah IM, et al. Association of Intensive vs Standard Blood Pressure Control With Cerebral White Matter Lesions. JAMA. 2019. PMID 31408137 — tags: [stroke, cerebrovascular-biology-small-vessels-imaging-and-biomarkers] — cited by: wiki/cerebral-small-vessel-disease.md
• Petrone L, et al. Branch Atheromatous Disease: A Clinically Meaningful, Yet Unproven Concept. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2016. PMID 26671513 — tags: [stroke, cerebrovascular-biology-small-vessels-imaging-and-biomarkers] — cited by: wiki/cerebral-small-vessel-disease.md
• Qiu YM, et al. Immune Cells in the BBB Disruption After Acute Ischemic Stroke: Targets for Immune Therapy? Front Immunol. 2021. PMID 34248961 — tags: [stroke, cerebrovascular-biology-small-vessels-imaging-and-biomarkers] — cited by: wiki/biomarkers-and-imaging-markers.md
• Rabinstein AA, et al. Update on Treatment of Acute Ischemic Stroke. Continuum (Minneap Minn). 2020. PMID 32224752 — tags: [stroke, cerebrovascular-biology-small-vessels-imaging-and-biomarkers] — cited by: wiki/cerebrovascular-biology-and-penumbra.md
• Seners P, et al. Incidence and Predictors of Early Recanalization After Intravenous Thrombolysis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Stroke. 2016. PMID 27462117 — tags: [stroke, cerebrovascular-biology-small-vessels-imaging-and-biomarkers] — cited by: wiki/cerebrovascular-biology-and-penumbra.md
• Sharma B, et al. Gait and falls in cerebral small vessel disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Age Ageing. 2023. PMID 37000039 — tags: [stroke, cerebrovascular-biology-small-vessels-imaging-and-biomarkers] — cited by: wiki/cerebral-small-vessel-disease.md
• Siesjö BK, et al. Neurocytotoxicity: pharmacological implications. Fundam Clin Pharmacol. 1991. PMID 1686604 — tags: [stroke, cerebrovascular-biology-small-vessels-imaging-and-biomarkers] — cited by: wiki/cerebrovascular-biology-and-penumbra.md
• Słomka A, et al. Plasma Levels of Protein Z in Ischemic Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Thromb Haemost. 2020. PMID 32369852 — tags: [stroke, cerebrovascular-biology-small-vessels-imaging-and-biomarkers] — cited by: wiki/biomarkers-and-imaging-markers.md
• Sommer CJ, et al. Ischemic stroke: experimental models and reality. Acta Neuropathol. 2017. PMID 28064357 — tags: [stroke, cerebrovascular-biology-small-vessels-imaging-and-biomarkers] — cited by: wiki/cerebrovascular-biology-and-penumbra.md, wiki/clinical-trials-landscape.md
• Sood I, et al. Quantitative electroencephalography to assess post-stroke functional disability: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2024. PMID 39357611 — tags: [stroke, cerebrovascular-biology-small-vessels-imaging-and-biomarkers] — cited by: wiki/biomarkers-and-imaging-markers.md
• Tedesco Triccas L, et al. A systematic review investigating the relationship of electroencephalography and magnetoencephalography measurements with sensorimotor upper limb impairments after stroke. J Neurosci Methods. 2019. PMID 30118725 — tags: [stroke, cerebrovascular-biology-small-vessels-imaging-and-biomarkers] — cited by: wiki/biomarkers-and-imaging-markers.md
• Thomalla G, et al. Intravenous alteplase for stroke with unknown time of onset guided by advanced imaging: systematic review and meta-analysis of individual patient data. Lancet. 2020. PMID 33176180 — tags: [stroke, cerebrovascular-biology-small-vessels-imaging-and-biomarkers] — cited by: OPEN-QUESTIONS.md, wiki/biomarkers-and-imaging-markers.md, wiki/clinical-trials-landscape.md
• Thomas SE, et al. A Review of Risk Factors and Predictors for Hemorrhagic Transformation in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke. Int J Vasc Med. 2021. PMID 34912581 — tags: [stroke, cerebrovascular-biology-small-vessels-imaging-and-biomarkers] — cited by: wiki/biomarkers-and-imaging-markers.md
• Wang L, et al. The Accuracy of Serum Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 for Predicting Hemorrhagic Transformation After Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2018. PMID 29598905 — tags: [stroke, cerebrovascular-biology-small-vessels-imaging-and-biomarkers] — cited by: wiki/biomarkers-and-imaging-markers.md
• Wardlaw JM, et al. Mechanisms of sporadic cerebral small vessel disease: insights from neuroimaging. Lancet Neurol. 2013. PMID 23602162 — tags: [stroke, cerebrovascular-biology-small-vessels-imaging-and-biomarkers] — cited by: wiki/cerebral-small-vessel-disease.md
• Wardlaw JM, et al. Neuroimaging standards for research into small vessel disease and its contribution to ageing and neurodegeneration. Lancet Neurol. 2013. PMID 23867200 — tags: [stroke, cerebrovascular-biology-small-vessels-imaging-and-biomarkers] — cited by: wiki/cerebral-small-vessel-disease.md
• Whittaker E, et al. Systematic Review of Cerebral Phenotypes Associated With Monogenic Cerebral Small-Vessel Disease. J Am Heart Assoc. 2022. PMID 35699195 — tags: [stroke, cerebrovascular-biology-small-vessels-imaging-and-biomarkers] — cited by: wiki/cerebral-small-vessel-disease.md
• Wilson D, et al. Cerebral microbleeds and intracranial haemorrhage risk in patients anticoagulated for atrial fibrillation after acute ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack (CROMIS-2): a multicentre observational cohort study. Lancet Neurol. 2018. PMID 29778365 — tags: [stroke, cerebrovascular-biology-small-vessels-imaging-and-biomarkers] — cited by: wiki/cerebral-small-vessel-disease.md
• Xu Q, et al. Copeptin as a biomarker for prediction of prognosis of acute ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack: a meta-analysis. Hypertens Res. 2017. PMID 27904159 — tags: [stroke, cerebrovascular-biology-small-vessels-imaging-and-biomarkers] — cited by: wiki/biomarkers-and-imaging-markers.md
• Yang C, et al. Neuroinflammatory mechanisms of blood-brain barrier damage in ischemic stroke. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2019. PMID 30379577 — tags: [stroke, cerebrovascular-biology-small-vessels-imaging-and-biomarkers] — cited by: wiki/cerebrovascular-biology-and-penumbra.md
• Yang Q, et al. Potential Neuroprotective Treatment of Stroke: Targeting Excitotoxicity, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammation. Front Neurosci. 2019. PMID 31611768 — tags: [stroke, cerebrovascular-biology-small-vessels-imaging-and-biomarkers] — cited by: wiki/cerebrovascular-biology-and-penumbra.md
• Zhang M, et al. Association between uric acid and the prognosis of acute ischemic stroke: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2021. PMID 34625360 — tags: [stroke, cerebrovascular-biology-small-vessels-imaging-and-biomarkers] — cited by: wiki/biomarkers-and-imaging-markers.md
• Zhao SC, et al. Regulation of microglial activation in stroke. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2017. PMID 28260801 — tags: [stroke, cerebrovascular-biology-small-vessels-imaging-and-biomarkers] — cited by: OPEN-QUESTIONS.md, wiki/cerebrovascular-biology-and-penumbra.md

Acute ischemic stroke

• Anderson CS, et al. Intensive blood pressure reduction with intravenous thrombolysis therapy for acute ischaemic stroke (ENCHANTED): an international, randomised, open-label, blinded-endpoint, phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2019. PMID 30739745 — tags: [stroke, acute-ischemic-stroke] — cited by: wiki/acute-ischemic-stroke.md
• AVERT Trial Collaboration group. Efficacy and safety of very early mobilisation within 24 h of stroke onset (AVERT): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2015. PMID 25892679 — tags: [stroke, acute-ischemic-stroke] — cited by: wiki/acute-ischemic-stroke.md, wiki/rehabilitation-and-recovery.md
• Bendszus M, et al. Endovascular thrombectomy for acute ischaemic stroke with established large infarct: multicentre, open-label, randomised trial. Lancet. 2023. PMID 37837989 — tags: [stroke, acute-ischemic-stroke] — cited by: wiki/acute-ischemic-stroke.md
• Campbell BC, et al. Endovascular therapy for ischemic stroke with perfusion-imaging selection. N Engl J Med. 2015. PMID 25671797 — tags: [stroke, acute-ischemic-stroke] — cited by: wiki/acute-ischemic-stroke.md
• Campbell BCV, et al. Tenecteplase versus Alteplase before Thrombectomy for Ischemic Stroke. N Engl J Med. 2018. PMID 29694815 — tags: [stroke, acute-ischemic-stroke] — cited by: wiki/acute-ischemic-stroke.md
• Huo X, et al. Trial of Endovascular Therapy for Acute Ischemic Stroke with Large Infarct. N Engl J Med. 2023. PMID 36762852 — tags: [stroke, acute-ischemic-stroke] — cited by: wiki/acute-ischemic-stroke.md
• Johnston KC, et al. Intensive vs Standard Treatment of Hyperglycemia and Functional Outcome in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke: The SHINE Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2019. PMID 31334795 — tags: [stroke, acute-ischemic-stroke] — cited by: wiki/acute-ischemic-stroke.md, wiki/red-flags-and-safety-concerns.md
• Jovin TG, et al. Thrombectomy within 8 hours after symptom onset in ischemic stroke. N Engl J Med. 2015. PMID 25882510 — tags: [stroke, acute-ischemic-stroke] — cited by: wiki/acute-ischemic-stroke.md
• Jovin TG, et al. Trial of Thrombectomy 6 to 24 Hours after Stroke Due to Basilar-Artery Occlusion. N Engl J Med. 2022. PMID 36239645 — tags: [stroke, acute-ischemic-stroke] — cited by: wiki/acute-ischemic-stroke.md, wiki/red-flags-and-safety-concerns.md
• Khatri P, et al. Effect of Alteplase vs Aspirin on Functional Outcome for Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke and Minor Nondisabling Neurologic Deficits: The PRISMS Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2018. PMID 29998337 — tags: [stroke, acute-ischemic-stroke] — cited by: wiki/acute-ischemic-stroke.md
• Langezaal LCM, et al. Endovascular Therapy for Stroke Due to Basilar-Artery Occlusion. N Engl J Med. 2021. PMID 34010530 — tags: [stroke, acute-ischemic-stroke] — cited by: wiki/acute-ischemic-stroke.md
• LeCouffe NE, et al. A Randomized Trial of Intravenous Alteplase before Endovascular Treatment for Stroke. N Engl J Med. 2021. PMID 34758251 — tags: [stroke, acute-ischemic-stroke] — cited by: wiki/acute-ischemic-stroke.md
• Ma H, et al. Thrombolysis Guided by Perfusion Imaging up to 9 Hours after Onset of Stroke. N Engl J Med. 2019. PMID 31067369 — tags: [stroke, acute-ischemic-stroke] — cited by: wiki/acute-ischemic-stroke.md
• Mitchell PJ, et al. Endovascular thrombectomy versus standard bridging thrombolytic with endovascular thrombectomy within 4·5 h of stroke onset: an open-label, blinded-endpoint, randomised non-inferiority trial. Lancet. 2022. PMID 35810757 — tags: [stroke, acute-ischemic-stroke] — cited by: wiki/acute-ischemic-stroke.md
• CAST (Chinese Acute Stroke Trial) Collaborative Group. CAST: randomised placebo-controlled trial of early aspirin use in 20,000 patients with acute ischaemic stroke. Lancet. 1997. PMID 9186381 — tags: [stroke, acute-ischemic-stroke] — cited by: wiki/acute-ischemic-stroke.md
• International Stroke Trial Collaborative Group. The International Stroke Trial (IST): a randomised trial of aspirin, subcutaneous heparin, both, or neither among 19435 patients with acute ischaemic stroke. Lancet. 1997. PMID 9174558 — tags: [stroke, acute-ischemic-stroke] — cited by: wiki/acute-ischemic-stroke.md
• Roffe C, et al. Effect of Routine Low-Dose Oxygen Supplementation on Death and Disability in Adults With Acute Stroke: The Stroke Oxygen Study Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2017. PMID 28973619 — tags: [stroke, acute-ischemic-stroke] — cited by: wiki/acute-ischemic-stroke.md, wiki/red-flags-and-safety-concerns.md
• Sandercock P, et al. The benefits and harms of intravenous thrombolysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator within 6 h of acute ischaemic stroke (the third international stroke trial [IST-3]): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2012. PMID 22632908 — tags: [stroke, acute-ischemic-stroke] — cited by: wiki/acute-ischemic-stroke.md
• Sarraj A, et al. Trial of Endovascular Thrombectomy for Large Ischemic Strokes. N Engl J Med. 2023. PMID 36762865 — tags: [stroke, acute-ischemic-stroke] — cited by: wiki/acute-ischemic-stroke.md
• Saver JL, et al. Stent-retriever thrombectomy after intravenous t-PA vs. t-PA alone in stroke. N Engl J Med. 2015. PMID 25882376 — tags: [stroke, acute-ischemic-stroke] — cited by: wiki/acute-ischemic-stroke.md
• Saver JL, et al. Time to Treatment With Endovascular Thrombectomy and Outcomes From Ischemic Stroke: A Meta-analysis. JAMA. 2016. PMID 27673305 — tags: [stroke, acute-ischemic-stroke] — cited by: wiki/acute-ischemic-stroke.md
• Suzuki K, et al. Effect of Mechanical Thrombectomy Without vs With Intravenous Thrombolysis on Functional Outcome Among Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke: The SKIP Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2021. PMID 33464334 — tags: [stroke, acute-ischemic-stroke] — cited by: wiki/acute-ischemic-stroke.md
• Tao C, et al. Trial of Endovascular Treatment of Acute Basilar-Artery Occlusion. N Engl J Med. 2022. PMID 36239644 — tags: [stroke, acute-ischemic-stroke] — cited by: wiki/acute-ischemic-stroke.md, wiki/red-flags-and-safety-concerns.md
• Thomalla G, et al. MRI-Guided Thrombolysis for Stroke with Unknown Time of Onset. N Engl J Med. 2018. PMID 29766770 — tags: [stroke, acute-ischemic-stroke] — cited by: wiki/acute-ischemic-stroke.md
• Vahedi K, et al. Early decompressive surgery in malignant infarction of the middle cerebral artery: a pooled analysis of three randomised controlled trials. Lancet Neurol. 2007. PMID 17303527 — tags: [stroke, acute-ischemic-stroke] — cited by: wiki/acute-ischemic-stroke.md, wiki/red-flags-and-safety-concerns.md
• Wang Y, et al. Tenecteplase versus alteplase in acute ischaemic cerebrovascular events (TRACE-2): a phase 3, multicentre, open-label, randomised controlled, non-inferiority trial. Lancet. 2023. PMID 36774935 — tags: [stroke, acute-ischemic-stroke] — cited by: wiki/acute-ischemic-stroke.md
• Yang P, et al. Endovascular Thrombectomy with or without Intravenous Alteplase in Acute Stroke. N Engl J Med. 2020. PMID 32374959 — tags: [stroke, acute-ischemic-stroke] — cited by: wiki/acute-ischemic-stroke.md
• Yoshimura S, et al. Endovascular Therapy for Acute Stroke with a Large Ischemic Region. N Engl J Med. 2022. PMID 35138767 — tags: [stroke, acute-ischemic-stroke] — cited by: wiki/acute-ischemic-stroke.md

Intracerebral and subarachnoid hemorrhage

• Brown GW, et al. Rapid versus gradual weaning of external ventricular drains in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Neurosurg Sci. 2026;70:140-150. PMID 41949294 — tags: [stroke, intracerebral-and-subarachnoid-hemorrhage] — cited by: wiki/subarachnoid-hemorrhage.md
• Ali-Ahmed F, et al. Intravenous Tissue Plasminogen Activator in Stroke Mimics. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 2019. PMID 31412730 — tags: [stroke, intracerebral-and-subarachnoid-hemorrhage] — cited by: wiki/red-flags-and-safety-concerns.md
• Allen GS, et al. Cerebral arterial spasm--a controlled trial of nimodipine in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage. N Engl J Med. 1983. PMID 6338383 — tags: [stroke, intracerebral-and-subarachnoid-hemorrhage] — cited by: wiki/subarachnoid-hemorrhage.md
• Aroor S, et al. BE-FAST (Balance, Eyes, Face, Arm, Speech, Time): Reducing the Proportion of Strokes Missed Using the FAST Mnemonic. Stroke. 2017. PMID 28082668 — tags: [stroke, intracerebral-and-subarachnoid-hemorrhage] — cited by: wiki/red-flags-and-safety-concerns.md
• Baharoglu MI, et al. Platelet transfusion versus standard care after acute stroke due to spontaneous cerebral haemorrhage associated with antiplatelet therapy (PATCH): a randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2016. PMID 27178479 — tags: [stroke, intracerebral-and-subarachnoid-hemorrhage] — cited by: wiki/intracerebral-hemorrhage.md, wiki/red-flags-and-safety-concerns.md
• Bernier TD, et al. Treatment of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage-associated Delayed Cerebral Ischemia With Milrinone: A Review and Proposal. J Neurosurg Anesthesiol. 2021. PMID 33480639 — tags: [stroke, intracerebral-and-subarachnoid-hemorrhage] — cited by: wiki/subarachnoid-hemorrhage.md
• Connolly SJ, et al. Andexanet for Factor Xa Inhibitor-Associated Acute Intracerebral Hemorrhage. N Engl J Med. 2024. PMID 38749032 — tags: [stroke, intracerebral-and-subarachnoid-hemorrhage] — cited by: wiki/intracerebral-hemorrhage.md
• Connolly SJ, et al. Full Study Report of Andexanet Alfa for Bleeding Associated with Factor Xa Inhibitors. N Engl J Med. 2019. PMID 30730782 — tags: [stroke, intracerebral-and-subarachnoid-hemorrhage] — cited by: wiki/intracerebral-hemorrhage.md
• Demchuk AM, et al. Prediction of haematoma growth and outcome in patients with intracerebral haemorrhage using the CT-angiography spot sign (PREDICT): a prospective observational study. Lancet Neurol. 2012. PMID 22405630 — tags: [stroke, intracerebral-and-subarachnoid-hemorrhage] — cited by: wiki/intracerebral-hemorrhage.md, wiki/red-flags-and-safety-concerns.md
• Dennis M, et al. Effectiveness of intermittent pneumatic compression in reduction of risk of deep vein thrombosis in patients who have had a stroke (CLOTS 3): a multicentre randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2013. PMID 23727163 — tags: [stroke, intracerebral-and-subarachnoid-hemorrhage] — cited by: wiki/intracerebral-hemorrhage.md
• Dorhout Mees SM, et al. Calcium antagonists for aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007. PMID 17636626 — tags: [stroke, intracerebral-and-subarachnoid-hemorrhage] — cited by: wiki/subarachnoid-hemorrhage.md
• Dorhout Mees SM, et al. Magnesium for aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (MASH-2): a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2012. PMID 22633825 — tags: [stroke, intracerebral-and-subarachnoid-hemorrhage] — cited by: wiki/subarachnoid-hemorrhage.md
• Engelter ST, et al. Life-threatening orolingual angioedema during thrombolysis in acute ischemic stroke. J Neurol. 2005. PMID 16184341 — tags: [stroke, intracerebral-and-subarachnoid-hemorrhage] — cited by: wiki/red-flags-and-safety-concerns.md
• Ferro JM, et al. Safety and Efficacy of Dabigatran Etexilate vs Dose-Adjusted Warfarin in Patients With Cerebral Venous Thrombosis: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Neurol. 2019. PMID 31479105 — tags: [stroke, intracerebral-and-subarachnoid-hemorrhage] — cited by: wiki/red-flags-and-safety-concerns.md
• Fisher CM, et al. Relation of cerebral vasospasm to subarachnoid hemorrhage visualized by computerized tomographic scanning. Neurosurgery. 1980. PMID 7354892 — tags: [stroke, intracerebral-and-subarachnoid-hemorrhage] — cited by: wiki/subarachnoid-hemorrhage.md
• Frontera JA, et al. Prediction of symptomatic vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage: the modified fisher scale. Neurosurgery. 2006. PMID 16823296 — tags: [stroke, intracerebral-and-subarachnoid-hemorrhage] — cited by: wiki/subarachnoid-hemorrhage.md
• Gathier CS, et al. Induced Hypertension for Delayed Cerebral Ischemia After Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Stroke. 2018. PMID 29158449 — tags: [stroke, intracerebral-and-subarachnoid-hemorrhage] — cited by: wiki/subarachnoid-hemorrhage.md
• Hanley DF, et al. Efficacy and safety of minimally invasive surgery with thrombolysis in intracerebral haemorrhage evacuation (MISTIE III): a randomised, controlled, open-label, blinded endpoint phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2019. PMID 30739747 — tags: [stroke, intracerebral-and-subarachnoid-hemorrhage] — cited by: wiki/intracerebral-hemorrhage.md
• Hanley DF, et al. Thrombolytic removal of intraventricular haemorrhage in treatment of severe stroke: results of the randomised, multicentre, multiregion, placebo-controlled CLEAR III trial. Lancet. 2017. PMID 28081952 — tags: [stroke, intracerebral-and-subarachnoid-hemorrhage] — cited by: wiki/intracerebral-hemorrhage.md
• Harbison J, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of stroke referrals from primary care, emergency room physicians, and ambulance staff using the face arm speech test. Stroke. 2003. PMID 12511753 — tags: [stroke, intracerebral-and-subarachnoid-hemorrhage] — cited by: wiki/red-flags-and-safety-concerns.md
• Hemphill JC 3rd, et al. The ICH score: a simple, reliable grading scale for intracerebral hemorrhage. Stroke. 2001. PMID 11283388 — tags: [stroke, intracerebral-and-subarachnoid-hemorrhage] — cited by: wiki/intracerebral-hemorrhage.md, wiki/outcomes-and-prognostication.md
• Hinchey JA, et al. Formal dysphagia screening protocols prevent pneumonia. Stroke. 2005. PMID 16109909 — tags: [stroke, intracerebral-and-subarachnoid-hemorrhage] — cited by: wiki/red-flags-and-safety-concerns.md
• Hoh BL, et al. 2023 Guideline for the Management of Patients With Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Guideline From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2023. PMID 37212182 — tags: [stroke, intracerebral-and-subarachnoid-hemorrhage] — cited by: literature/guidelines/REGISTRY.md, wiki/guidelines.md, wiki/red-flags-and-safety-concerns.md, wiki/subarachnoid-hemorrhage.md
• Johnston SC, et al. Ticagrelor and Aspirin or Aspirin Alone in Acute Ischemic Stroke or TIA. N Engl J Med. 2020. PMID 32668111 — tags: [stroke, intracerebral-and-subarachnoid-hemorrhage] — cited by: wiki/red-flags-and-safety-concerns.md, wiki/secondary-prevention.md
• Johnston SC, et al. Validation and refinement of scores to predict very early stroke risk after transient ischaemic attack. Lancet. 2007. PMID 17258668 — tags: [stroke, intracerebral-and-subarachnoid-hemorrhage] — cited by: wiki/red-flags-and-safety-concerns.md
• Jüttler E, et al. Hemicraniectomy in older patients with extensive middle-cerebral-artery stroke. N Engl J Med. 2014. PMID 24645942 — tags: [stroke, intracerebral-and-subarachnoid-hemorrhage] — cited by: wiki/red-flags-and-safety-concerns.md
• Kattah JC, et al. HINTS to diagnose stroke in the acute vestibular syndrome: three-step bedside oculomotor examination more sensitive than early MRI diffusion-weighted imaging. Stroke. 2009. PMID 19762709 — tags: [stroke, intracerebral-and-subarachnoid-hemorrhage] — cited by: wiki/red-flags-and-safety-concerns.md
• Kirkpatrick PJ, et al. Simvastatin in aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (STASH): a multicentre randomised phase 3 trial. Lancet Neurol. 2014. PMID 24837690 — tags: [stroke, intracerebral-and-subarachnoid-hemorrhage] — cited by: wiki/subarachnoid-hemorrhage.md
• Kowalski RG, et al. Withdrawal of technological life support following subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurocrit Care. 2013. PMID 24166245 — tags: [stroke, intracerebral-and-subarachnoid-hemorrhage] — cited by: wiki/subarachnoid-hemorrhage.md
• Kumar G, et al. Vasospasm on transcranial Doppler is predictive of delayed cerebral ischemia in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Neurosurg. 2016. PMID 26495942 — tags: [stroke, intracerebral-and-subarachnoid-hemorrhage] — cited by: wiki/subarachnoid-hemorrhage.md
• Macdonald RL, et al. Clazosentan, an endothelin receptor antagonist, in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage undergoing surgical clipping: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial (CONSCIOUS-2). Lancet Neurol. 2011. PMID 21640651 — tags: [stroke, intracerebral-and-subarachnoid-hemorrhage] — cited by: wiki/subarachnoid-hemorrhage.md
• Markus HS, et al. Antiplatelet Therapy vs Anticoagulation Therapy in Cervical Artery Dissection: The Cervical Artery Dissection in Stroke Study (CADISS) Randomized Clinical Trial Final Results. JAMA Neurol. 2019. PMID 30801621 — tags: [stroke, intracerebral-and-subarachnoid-hemorrhage] — cited by: wiki/red-flags-and-safety-concerns.md
• Mayer SA, et al. Efficacy and safety of recombinant activated factor VII for acute intracerebral hemorrhage. N Engl J Med. 2008. PMID 18480205 — tags: [stroke, intracerebral-and-subarachnoid-hemorrhage] — cited by: wiki/intracerebral-hemorrhage.md
• Mendelow AD, et al. Early surgery versus initial conservative treatment in patients with spontaneous supratentorial intracerebral haematomas in the International Surgical Trial in Intracerebral Haemorrhage (STICH): a randomised trial. Lancet. 2005. PMID 15680453 — tags: [stroke, intracerebral-and-subarachnoid-hemorrhage] — cited by: wiki/intracerebral-hemorrhage.md
• Mendelow AD, et al. Early surgery versus initial conservative treatment in patients with spontaneous supratentorial lobar intracerebral haematomas (STICH II): a randomised trial. Lancet. 2013. PMID 23726393 — tags: [stroke, intracerebral-and-subarachnoid-hemorrhage] — cited by: wiki/intracerebral-hemorrhage.md
• Meretoja A, et al. Tranexamic acid in patients with intracerebral haemorrhage (STOP-AUST): a multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial. Lancet Neurol. 2020. PMID 33128912 — tags: [stroke, intracerebral-and-subarachnoid-hemorrhage] — cited by: wiki/intracerebral-hemorrhage.md
• Molyneux A, et al. International Subarachnoid Aneurysm Trial (ISAT) of neurosurgical clipping versus endovascular coiling in 2143 patients with ruptured intracranial aneurysms: a randomised trial. Lancet. 2002. PMID 12414200 — tags: [stroke, intracerebral-and-subarachnoid-hemorrhage] — cited by: wiki/subarachnoid-hemorrhage.md
• Molyneux AJ, et al. Risk of recurrent subarachnoid haemorrhage, death, or dependence and standardised mortality ratios after clipping or coiling of an intracranial aneurysm in the International Subarachnoid Aneurysm Trial (ISAT): long-term follow-up. Lancet Neurol. 2009. PMID 19329361 — tags: [stroke, intracerebral-and-subarachnoid-hemorrhage] — cited by: wiki/subarachnoid-hemorrhage.md
• Molyneux AJ, et al. The durability of endovascular coiling versus neurosurgical clipping of ruptured cerebral aneurysms: 18 year follow-up of the UK cohort of the International Subarachnoid Aneurysm Trial (ISAT). Lancet. 2015. PMID 25465111 — tags: [stroke, intracerebral-and-subarachnoid-hemorrhage] — cited by: wiki/subarachnoid-hemorrhage.md
• Mori T, et al. Improved efficiency of hypervolemic therapy with inhibition of natriuresis by fludrocortisone in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Neurosurg. 1999. PMID 10584839 — tags: [stroke, intracerebral-and-subarachnoid-hemorrhage] — cited by: wiki/subarachnoid-hemorrhage.md
• Nor AM, et al. The Recognition of Stroke in the Emergency Room (ROSIER) scale: development and validation of a stroke recognition instrument. Lancet Neurol. 2005. PMID 16239179 — tags: [stroke, intracerebral-and-subarachnoid-hemorrhage] — cited by: wiki/red-flags-and-safety-concerns.md
• Paul NL, et al. Population-based study of capsular warning syndrome and prognosis after early recurrent TIA. Neurology. 2012. PMID 22972645 — tags: [stroke, intracerebral-and-subarachnoid-hemorrhage] — cited by: wiki/red-flags-and-safety-concerns.md
• Perry JJ, et al. Clinical decision rules to rule out subarachnoid hemorrhage for acute headache. JAMA. 2013. PMID 24065011 — tags: [stroke, intracerebral-and-subarachnoid-hemorrhage] — cited by: wiki/red-flags-and-safety-concerns.md, wiki/subarachnoid-hemorrhage.md
• Perry JJ, et al. Sensitivity of computed tomography performed within six hours of onset of headache for diagnosis of subarachnoid haemorrhage: prospective cohort study. BMJ. 2011. PMID 21768192 — tags: [stroke, intracerebral-and-subarachnoid-hemorrhage] — cited by: wiki/red-flags-and-safety-concerns.md, wiki/subarachnoid-hemorrhage.md
• Pickard JD, et al. Effect of oral nimodipine on cerebral infarction and outcome after subarachnoid haemorrhage: British aneurysm nimodipine trial. BMJ. 1989. PMID 2496789 — tags: [stroke, intracerebral-and-subarachnoid-hemorrhage] — cited by: wiki/subarachnoid-hemorrhage.md
• Pollack CV Jr, et al. Idarucizumab for Dabigatran Reversal - Full Cohort Analysis. N Engl J Med. 2017. PMID 28693366 — tags: [stroke, intracerebral-and-subarachnoid-hemorrhage] — cited by: wiki/intracerebral-hemorrhage.md
• Post R, et al. Ultra-early tranexamic acid after subarachnoid haemorrhage (ULTRA): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2021. PMID 33357465 — tags: [stroke, intracerebral-and-subarachnoid-hemorrhage] — cited by: wiki/subarachnoid-hemorrhage.md
• Poungvarin N, et al. Effects of dexamethasone in primary supratentorial intracerebral hemorrhage. N Engl J Med. 1987. PMID 3574383 — tags: [stroke, intracerebral-and-subarachnoid-hemorrhage] — cited by: wiki/intracerebral-hemorrhage.md, wiki/red-flags-and-safety-concerns.md
• Powers WJ, et al. Guidelines for the Early Management of Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke: 2019 Update to the 2018 Guidelines for the Early Management of Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Guideline for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2019. PMID 31662037 — tags: [stroke, intracerebral-and-subarachnoid-hemorrhage] — cited by: literature/guidelines/REGISTRY.md, wiki/guidelines.md, wiki/red-flags-and-safety-concerns.md
• Pradilla G, et al. Trial of Early Minimally Invasive Removal of Intracerebral Hemorrhage. N Engl J Med. 2024. PMID 38598795 — tags: [stroke, intracerebral-and-subarachnoid-hemorrhage] — cited by: wiki/intracerebral-hemorrhage.md
• World Federation of Neurological Surgeons Committee. Report of World Federation of Neurological Surgeons Committee on a Universal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Grading Scale. J Neurosurg. 1988. PMID 3131498 — tags: [stroke, intracerebral-and-subarachnoid-hemorrhage] — cited by: wiki/subarachnoid-hemorrhage.md
• Qureshi AI, et al. Intensive Blood-Pressure Lowering in Patients with Acute Cerebral Hemorrhage. N Engl J Med. 2016. PMID 27276234 — tags: [stroke, intracerebral-and-subarachnoid-hemorrhage] — cited by: wiki/intracerebral-hemorrhage.md
• RESTART Collaboration Effects of antiplatelet therapy after stroke due to intracerebral haemorrhage (RESTART): a randomised, open-label trial. Lancet. 2019. PMID 31128924 — tags: [stroke, intracerebral-and-subarachnoid-hemorrhage] — cited by: wiki/intracerebral-hemorrhage.md, wiki/secondary-prevention.md
• Rost NS, et al. Prediction of functional outcome in patients with primary intracerebral hemorrhage: the FUNC score. Stroke. 2008. PMID 18556582 — tags: [stroke, intracerebral-and-subarachnoid-hemorrhage] — cited by: wiki/intracerebral-hemorrhage.md, wiki/outcomes-and-prognostication.md
• Rothwell PM, et al. Effect of urgent treatment of transient ischaemic attack and minor stroke on early recurrent stroke (EXPRESS study): a prospective population-based sequential comparison. Lancet. 2007. PMID 17928046 — tags: [stroke, intracerebral-and-subarachnoid-hemorrhage] — cited by: wiki/red-flags-and-safety-concerns.md
• Saposnik G, et al. Diagnosis and Management of Cerebral Venous Thrombosis: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Stroke. 2024. PMID 38284265 — tags: [stroke, intracerebral-and-subarachnoid-hemorrhage] — cited by: wiki/red-flags-and-safety-concerns.md
• Schreuder FHBM, et al. Apixaban versus no anticoagulation after anticoagulation-associated intracerebral haemorrhage in patients with atrial fibrillation in the Netherlands (APACHE-AF): a randomised, open-label, phase 2 trial. Lancet Neurol. 2021. PMID 34687635 — tags: [stroke, intracerebral-and-subarachnoid-hemorrhage] — cited by: wiki/intracerebral-hemorrhage.md
• SoSTART Collaboration Effects of oral anticoagulation for atrial fibrillation after spontaneous intracranial haemorrhage in the UK: a randomised, open-label, assessor-masked, pilot-phase, non-inferiority trial. Lancet Neurol. 2021. PMID 34487722 — tags: [stroke, intracerebral-and-subarachnoid-hemorrhage] — cited by: wiki/intracerebral-hemorrhage.md
• Spetzler RF, et al. The Barrow Ruptured Aneurysm Trial: 6-year results. J Neurosurg. 2015. PMID 26115467 — tags: [stroke, intracerebral-and-subarachnoid-hemorrhage] — cited by: wiki/subarachnoid-hemorrhage.md
• Sprigg N, et al. Tranexamic acid for hyperacute primary IntraCerebral Haemorrhage (TICH-2): an international randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 superiority trial. Lancet. 2018. PMID 29778325 — tags: [stroke, intracerebral-and-subarachnoid-hemorrhage] — cited by: wiki/intracerebral-hemorrhage.md
• Steiner T, et al. Fresh frozen plasma versus prothrombin complex concentrate in patients with intracranial haemorrhage related to vitamin K antagonists (INCH): a randomised trial. Lancet Neurol. 2016. PMID 27302126 — tags: [stroke, intracerebral-and-subarachnoid-hemorrhage] — cited by: wiki/intracerebral-hemorrhage.md
• Venkatraman A, et al. Intra-arterial vasodilators for vasospasm following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a meta-analysis. J Neurointerv Surg. 2018. PMID 28663521 — tags: [stroke, intracerebral-and-subarachnoid-hemorrhage] — cited by: wiki/subarachnoid-hemorrhage.md
• Vergouwen MD, et al. Definition of delayed cerebral ischemia after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage as an outcome event in clinical trials and observational studies: proposal of a multidisciplinary research group. Stroke. 2010. PMID 20798370 — tags: [stroke, intracerebral-and-subarachnoid-hemorrhage] — cited by: wiki/red-flags-and-safety-concerns.md, wiki/subarachnoid-hemorrhage.md
• Vergouwen MD, et al. Vasospasm versus delayed cerebral ischemia as an outcome event in clinical trials and observational studies. Neurocrit Care. 2011. PMID 21748502 — tags: [stroke, intracerebral-and-subarachnoid-hemorrhage] — cited by: wiki/subarachnoid-hemorrhage.md
• Wada R, et al. CT angiography "spot sign" predicts hematoma expansion in acute intracerebral hemorrhage. Stroke. 2007. PMID 17322083 — tags: [stroke, intracerebral-and-subarachnoid-hemorrhage] — cited by: wiki/intracerebral-hemorrhage.md, wiki/red-flags-and-safety-concerns.md

Stroke systems and clinical trials

• Cheng Y, et al. Remote Ischemic Postconditioning in Endovascular Thrombectomy for Stroke: The EnTRIPS Randomized Clinical Trial. Stroke. 2026;57:2276-2286. PMID 42267436 — tags: [stroke, stroke-systems-and-clinical-trials] — cited by: wiki/clinical-trials-landscape.md
• Li W, et al. Adjunctive Normobaric Hyperoxia With Endovascular Thrombectomy for Acute Stroke at 6 to 24 Hours: A Phase IIb Randomized Trial. Stroke. 2026;57:2265-2275. PMID 42403344 — tags: [stroke, stroke-systems-and-clinical-trials] — cited by: wiki/clinical-trials-landscape.md
• Alexandrov AV, et al. Improving Outcomes After Stroke: From Stroke Units to Mobile Stroke Units. Stroke. 2021. PMID 34384228 — tags: [stroke, stroke-systems-and-clinical-trials] — cited by: wiki/stroke-units-and-systems-of-care.md
• Bhatt N, et al. Target Stroke: Best Practice Strategies Cut Door to Thrombolysis Time to <30 Minutes in a Large Urban Academic Comprehensive Stroke Center. Neurohospitalist. 2019. PMID 30671160 — tags: [stroke, stroke-systems-and-clinical-trials] — cited by: wiki/stroke-units-and-systems-of-care.md
• Botelho A, et al. Organizational Factors Determining Access to Reperfusion Therapies in Ischemic Stroke-Systematic Literature Review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022. PMID 36498429 — tags: [stroke, stroke-systems-and-clinical-trials] — cited by: wiki/stroke-units-and-systems-of-care.md
• Bowry R, et al. Mobile Stroke Units: Current and Future Impact on Stroke Care. Semin Neurol. 2021. PMID 33511604 — tags: [stroke, stroke-systems-and-clinical-trials] — cited by: wiki/stroke-units-and-systems-of-care.md
• Brehm A, et al. Direct to angiography suite approaches for the triage of suspected acute stroke patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ther Adv Neurol Disord. 2022. PMID 35251309 — tags: [stroke, stroke-systems-and-clinical-trials] — cited by: literature/statistics/STATISTICS.md, wiki/stroke-units-and-systems-of-care.md
• Ciccone A, et al. Systematic review of organizational models for intra-arterial treatment of acute ischemic stroke. Int J Stroke. 2019. PMID 30303811 — tags: [stroke, stroke-systems-and-clinical-trials] — cited by: wiki/stroke-units-and-systems-of-care.md
• Ebinger M, et al. Association Between Dispatch of Mobile Stroke Units and Functional Outcomes Among Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke in Berlin. JAMA. 2021. PMID 33528537 — tags: [stroke, stroke-systems-and-clinical-trials] — cited by: wiki/stroke-units-and-systems-of-care.md
• Ebinger M, et al. Effects of golden hour thrombolysis: a Prehospital Acute Neurological Treatment and Optimization of Medical Care in Stroke (PHANTOM-S) substudy. JAMA Neurol. 2015. PMID 25402214 — tags: [stroke, stroke-systems-and-clinical-trials] — cited by: wiki/stroke-units-and-systems-of-care.md
• Fonarow GC, et al. Door-to-needle times for tissue plasminogen activator administration and clinical outcomes in acute ischemic stroke before and after a quality improvement initiative. JAMA. 2014. PMID 24756513 — tags: [stroke, stroke-systems-and-clinical-trials] — cited by: literature/statistics/STATISTICS.md, wiki/stroke-units-and-systems-of-care.md
• Grotta JC, et al. Prospective, Multicenter, Controlled Trial of Mobile Stroke Units. N Engl J Med. 2021. PMID 34496173 — tags: [stroke, stroke-systems-and-clinical-trials] — cited by: literature/statistics/STATISTICS.md, wiki/stroke-units-and-systems-of-care.md
• Huang Q, et al. Generalization of the right acute stroke promotive strategies in reducing delays of intravenous thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke: A meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2018. PMID 29924046 — tags: [stroke, stroke-systems-and-clinical-trials] — cited by: wiki/stroke-units-and-systems-of-care.md
• Kamal N, et al. Delays in Door-to-Needle Times and Their Impact on Treatment Time and Outcomes in Get With The Guidelines-Stroke. Stroke. 2017. PMID 28228574 — tags: [stroke, stroke-systems-and-clinical-trials] — cited by: wiki/stroke-units-and-systems-of-care.md
• Koster GT, et al. Clinical prediction of thrombectomy eligibility: A systematic review and 4-item decision tree. Int J Stroke. 2019. PMID 30209989 — tags: [stroke, stroke-systems-and-clinical-trials] — cited by: wiki/stroke-units-and-systems-of-care.md
• Krebs W, et al. Prehospital Stroke Assessment for Large Vessel Occlusions: A Systematic Review. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2018. PMID 29023166 — tags: [stroke, stroke-systems-and-clinical-trials] — cited by: wiki/stroke-units-and-systems-of-care.md
• Lichtman JH, et al. Outcomes after ischemic stroke for hospitals with and without Joint Commission-certified primary stroke centers. Neurology. 2011. PMID 21543736 — tags: [stroke, stroke-systems-and-clinical-trials] — cited by: wiki/stroke-units-and-systems-of-care.md
• Lund UH, et al. Cost-Effectiveness of Mobile Stroke Unit Care in Norway. Stroke. 2022. PMID 35862205 — tags: [stroke, stroke-systems-and-clinical-trials] — cited by: wiki/stroke-units-and-systems-of-care.md
• Man S, et al. Comparison of Acute Ischemic Stroke Care and Outcomes Between Comprehensive Stroke Centers and Primary Stroke Centers in the United States. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 2018. PMID 29794035 — tags: [stroke, stroke-systems-and-clinical-trials] — cited by: wiki/stroke-units-and-systems-of-care.md
• Mansour OY, et al. Using ESN-Smartphone Application to Maximize AIS Reperfusion Therapy in Alexandria Stroke Network: A Stroke Chain of Survival Organizational Model. Front Neurol. 2021. PMID 33708169 — tags: [stroke, stroke-systems-and-clinical-trials] — cited by: wiki/stroke-units-and-systems-of-care.md
• Mohamed A, et al. Is telestroke more effective than conventional treatment for acute ischemic stroke? A systematic review and meta-analysis of patient outcomes and thrombolysis rates. Int J Stroke. 2024. PMID 37752674 — tags: [stroke, stroke-systems-and-clinical-trials] — cited by: wiki/stroke-units-and-systems-of-care.md
• Novarro-Escudero N, et al. Organization and Implementation of a Stroke Center in Panamá, a Model for Implementation of Stroke Centers in Low and Middle Income Countries. Front Neurol. 2021. PMID 34484099 — tags: [stroke, stroke-systems-and-clinical-trials] — cited by: wiki/stroke-units-and-systems-of-care.md
• Ohannessian R, et al. Acute telestroke in France: A systematic review. Rev Neurol (Paris). 2020. PMID 32147201 — tags: [stroke, stroke-systems-and-clinical-trials] — cited by: wiki/stroke-units-and-systems-of-care.md
• Romoli M, et al. Mothership versus Drip-and-Ship Model for Mechanical Thrombectomy in Acute Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis for Clinical and Radiological Outcomes. J Stroke. 2020. PMID 33053947 — tags: [stroke, stroke-systems-and-clinical-trials] — cited by: wiki/stroke-units-and-systems-of-care.md
• Sarraj A, et al. Outcomes of Thrombectomy in Transferred Patients With Ischemic Stroke in the Late Window: A Subanalysis From the DEFUSE 3 Trial. JAMA Neurol. 2019. PMID 30734042 — tags: [stroke, stroke-systems-and-clinical-trials] — cited by: wiki/stroke-units-and-systems-of-care.md
• Saver JL, et al. Time is brain--quantified. Stroke. 2006. PMID 16339467 — tags: [stroke, stroke-systems-and-clinical-trials] — cited by: wiki/stroke-units-and-systems-of-care.md
• Turc G, et al. Comparison of Mobile Stroke Unit With Usual Care for Acute Ischemic Stroke Management: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Neurol. 2022. PMID 35129584 — tags: [stroke, stroke-systems-and-clinical-trials] — cited by: literature/statistics/STATISTICS.md, wiki/stroke-units-and-systems-of-care.md
• van Meenen LCC, et al. Pre- and Interhospital Workflow Times for Patients With Large Vessel Occlusion Stroke Transferred for Endovasvular Thrombectomy. Front Neurol. 2021. PMID 34512538 — tags: [stroke, stroke-systems-and-clinical-trials] — cited by: wiki/stroke-units-and-systems-of-care.md
• Vidale S, et al. Prehospital stroke scales and large vessel occlusion: A systematic review. Acta Neurol Scand. 2018. PMID 29430622 — tags: [stroke, stroke-systems-and-clinical-trials] — cited by: wiki/stroke-units-and-systems-of-care.md
• Wu TC, et al. Telemedicine Can Replace the Neurologist on a Mobile Stroke Unit. Stroke. 2017. PMID 28082671 — tags: [stroke, stroke-systems-and-clinical-trials] — cited by: wiki/stroke-units-and-systems-of-care.md
• Xian Y, et al. Association between stroke center hospitalization for acute ischemic stroke and mortality. JAMA. 2011. PMID 21266684 — tags: [stroke, stroke-systems-and-clinical-trials] — cited by: wiki/stroke-units-and-systems-of-care.md
• Xian Y, et al. Use of Strategies to Improve Door-to-Needle Times With Tissue-Type Plasminogen Activator in Acute Ischemic Stroke in Clinical Practice: Findings from Target: Stroke. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 2017. PMID 28096207 — tags: [stroke, stroke-systems-and-clinical-trials] — cited by: wiki/stroke-units-and-systems-of-care.md

Secondary prevention, cardioembolism, and cryptogenic stroke

• Al-Shahi Salman R, et al. Effects of Antiplatelet Therapy After Stroke Caused by Intracerebral Hemorrhage: Extended Follow-up of the RESTART Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Neurol. 2021. PMID 34477823 — tags: [stroke, secondary-prevention-cardioembolism-and-cryptogenic-stroke] — cited by: wiki/secondary-prevention.md
• Amarenco P, et al. A Comparison of Two LDL Cholesterol Targets after Ischemic Stroke. N Engl J Med. 2020. PMID 31738483 — tags: [stroke, secondary-prevention-cardioembolism-and-cryptogenic-stroke] — cited by: wiki/secondary-prevention.md
• Amarenco P, et al. High-dose atorvastatin after stroke or transient ischemic attack. N Engl J Med. 2006. PMID 16899775 — tags: [stroke, secondary-prevention-cardioembolism-and-cryptogenic-stroke] — cited by: wiki/secondary-prevention.md
• Artinian NT, et al. Interventions to promote physical activity and dietary lifestyle changes for cardiovascular risk factor reduction in adults: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2010. PMID 20625115 — tags: [stroke, secondary-prevention-cardioembolism-and-cryptogenic-stroke] — cited by: wiki/secondary-prevention.md
• North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial Collaborators. Beneficial effect of carotid endarterectomy in symptomatic patients with high-grade carotid stenosis. N Engl J Med. 1991. PMID 1852179 — tags: [stroke, secondary-prevention-cardioembolism-and-cryptogenic-stroke] — cited by: wiki/secondary-prevention.md
• Bernstein RA, et al. Effect of Long-term Continuous Cardiac Monitoring vs Usual Care on Detection of Atrial Fibrillation in Patients With Stroke Attributed to Large- or Small-Vessel Disease: The STROKE-AF Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2021. PMID 34061145 — tags: [stroke, secondary-prevention-cardioembolism-and-cryptogenic-stroke] — cited by: wiki/cardioembolic-and-cryptogenic-stroke.md
• Brachmann J, et al. Uncovering Atrial Fibrillation Beyond Short-Term Monitoring in Cryptogenic Stroke Patients: Three-Year Results From the Cryptogenic Stroke and Underlying Atrial Fibrillation Trial. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol. 2016. PMID 26763225 — tags: [stroke, secondary-prevention-cardioembolism-and-cryptogenic-stroke] — cited by: wiki/cardioembolic-and-cryptogenic-stroke.md
• Brott TG, et al. Stenting versus endarterectomy for treatment of carotid-artery stenosis. N Engl J Med. 2010. PMID 20505173 — tags: [stroke, secondary-prevention-cardioembolism-and-cryptogenic-stroke] — cited by: wiki/secondary-prevention.md
• Buck BH, et al. Effect of Implantable vs Prolonged External Electrocardiographic Monitoring on Atrial Fibrillation Detection in Patients With Ischemic Stroke: The PER DIEM Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2021. PMID 34061146 — tags: [stroke, secondary-prevention-cardioembolism-and-cryptogenic-stroke] — cited by: wiki/cardioembolic-and-cryptogenic-stroke.md
• CAPRIE Steering Committee, et al. A randomised, blinded, trial of clopidogrel versus aspirin in patients at risk of ischaemic events (CAPRIE). CAPRIE Steering Committee. Lancet. 1996. PMID 8918275 — tags: [stroke, secondary-prevention-cardioembolism-and-cryptogenic-stroke] — cited by: wiki/secondary-prevention.md
• Chimowitz MI, et al. Comparison of warfarin and aspirin for symptomatic intracranial arterial stenosis. N Engl J Med. 2005. PMID 15800226 — tags: [stroke, secondary-prevention-cardioembolism-and-cryptogenic-stroke] — cited by: wiki/secondary-prevention.md
• Chimowitz MI, et al. Stenting versus aggressive medical therapy for intracranial arterial stenosis. N Engl J Med. 2011. PMID 21899409 — tags: [stroke, secondary-prevention-cardioembolism-and-cryptogenic-stroke] — cited by: wiki/secondary-prevention.md
• Connolly SJ, et al. Apixaban in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med. 2011. PMID 21309657 — tags: [stroke, secondary-prevention-cardioembolism-and-cryptogenic-stroke] — cited by: wiki/cardioembolic-and-cryptogenic-stroke.md
• Connolly SJ, et al. Dabigatran versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med. 2009. PMID 19717844 — tags: [stroke, secondary-prevention-cardioembolism-and-cryptogenic-stroke] — cited by: wiki/cardioembolic-and-cryptogenic-stroke.md
• Derdeyn CP, et al. Aggressive medical treatment with or without stenting in high-risk patients with intracranial artery stenosis (SAMMPRIS): the final results of a randomised trial. Lancet. 2014. PMID 24168957 — tags: [stroke, secondary-prevention-cardioembolism-and-cryptogenic-stroke] — cited by: wiki/secondary-prevention.md
• Diener HC, et al. Aspirin and clopidogrel compared with clopidogrel alone after recent ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack in high-risk patients (MATCH): randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2004. PMID 15276392 — tags: [stroke, secondary-prevention-cardioembolism-and-cryptogenic-stroke] — cited by: wiki/secondary-prevention.md
• Diener HC, et al. Dabigatran for Prevention of Stroke after Embolic Stroke of Undetermined Source. N Engl J Med. 2019. PMID 31091372 — tags: [stroke, secondary-prevention-cardioembolism-and-cryptogenic-stroke] — cited by: wiki/cardioembolic-and-cryptogenic-stroke.md
• Diener HC, et al. European Stroke Prevention Study. 2. Dipyridamole and acetylsalicylic acid in the secondary prevention of stroke. J Neurol Sci. 1996. PMID 8981292 — tags: [stroke, secondary-prevention-cardioembolism-and-cryptogenic-stroke] — cited by: wiki/secondary-prevention.md
• Estruch R, et al. Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease with a Mediterranean diet. N Engl J Med. 2013. PMID 23432189 — tags: [stroke, secondary-prevention-cardioembolism-and-cryptogenic-stroke] — cited by: wiki/secondary-prevention.md
• Fischer U, et al. Early versus Later Anticoagulation for Stroke with Atrial Fibrillation. N Engl J Med. 2023. PMID 37222476 — tags: [stroke, secondary-prevention-cardioembolism-and-cryptogenic-stroke] — cited by: wiki/cardioembolic-and-cryptogenic-stroke.md
• Geisler T, et al. Apixaban versus Aspirin for Embolic Stroke of Undetermined Source. NEJM Evid. 2024. PMID 38320511 — tags: [stroke, secondary-prevention-cardioembolism-and-cryptogenic-stroke] — cited by: wiki/cardioembolic-and-cryptogenic-stroke.md
• Giugliano RP, et al. Edoxaban versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med. 2013. PMID 24251359 — tags: [stroke, secondary-prevention-cardioembolism-and-cryptogenic-stroke] — cited by: wiki/cardioembolic-and-cryptogenic-stroke.md
• Gladstone DJ, et al. Atrial fibrillation in patients with cryptogenic stroke. N Engl J Med. 2014. PMID 24963566 — tags: [stroke, secondary-prevention-cardioembolism-and-cryptogenic-stroke] — cited by: wiki/cardioembolic-and-cryptogenic-stroke.md
• Hart RG, et al. Meta-analysis: antithrombotic therapy to prevent stroke in patients who have nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. Ann Intern Med. 2007. PMID 17577005 — tags: [stroke, secondary-prevention-cardioembolism-and-cryptogenic-stroke] — cited by: wiki/cardioembolic-and-cryptogenic-stroke.md
• Hart RG, et al. Rivaroxaban for Stroke Prevention after Embolic Stroke of Undetermined Source. N Engl J Med. 2018. PMID 29766772 — tags: [stroke, secondary-prevention-cardioembolism-and-cryptogenic-stroke] — cited by: wiki/cardioembolic-and-cryptogenic-stroke.md
• Kamel H, et al. Apixaban to Prevent Recurrence After Cryptogenic Stroke in Patients With Atrial Cardiopathy: The ARCADIA Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2024. PMID 38324415 — tags: [stroke, secondary-prevention-cardioembolism-and-cryptogenic-stroke] — cited by: wiki/cardioembolic-and-cryptogenic-stroke.md
• Kernan WN, et al. Pioglitazone after Ischemic Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack. N Engl J Med. 2016. PMID 26886418 — tags: [stroke, secondary-prevention-cardioembolism-and-cryptogenic-stroke] — cited by: wiki/secondary-prevention.md
• Mant J, et al. Warfarin versus aspirin for stroke prevention in an elderly community population with atrial fibrillation (the Birmingham Atrial Fibrillation Treatment of the Aged Study, BAFTA): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2007. PMID 17693178 — tags: [stroke, secondary-prevention-cardioembolism-and-cryptogenic-stroke] — cited by: wiki/cardioembolic-and-cryptogenic-stroke.md
• Mas JL, et al. Patent Foramen Ovale Closure or Anticoagulation vs. Antiplatelets after Stroke. N Engl J Med. 2017. PMID 28902593 — tags: [stroke, secondary-prevention-cardioembolism-and-cryptogenic-stroke] — cited by: wiki/cardioembolic-and-cryptogenic-stroke.md
• Oldgren J, et al. Early Versus Delayed Non-Vitamin K Antagonist Oral Anticoagulant Therapy After Acute Ischemic Stroke in Atrial Fibrillation (TIMING): A Registry-Based Randomized Controlled Noninferiority Study. Circulation. 2022. PMID 36065821 — tags: [stroke, secondary-prevention-cardioembolism-and-cryptogenic-stroke] — cited by: wiki/cardioembolic-and-cryptogenic-stroke.md
• Patel MR, et al. Rivaroxaban versus warfarin in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med. 2011. PMID 21830957 — tags: [stroke, secondary-prevention-cardioembolism-and-cryptogenic-stroke] — cited by: wiki/cardioembolic-and-cryptogenic-stroke.md
• Powers WJ, et al. Extracranial-intracranial bypass surgery for stroke prevention in hemodynamic cerebral ischemia: the Carotid Occlusion Surgery Study randomized trial. JAMA. 2011. PMID 22068990 — tags: [stroke, secondary-prevention-cardioembolism-and-cryptogenic-stroke] — cited by: wiki/secondary-prevention.md
• Sanna T, et al. Cryptogenic stroke and underlying atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med. 2014. PMID 24963567 — tags: [stroke, secondary-prevention-cardioembolism-and-cryptogenic-stroke] — cited by: wiki/cardioembolic-and-cryptogenic-stroke.md
• Saver JL, et al. Long-Term Outcomes of Patent Foramen Ovale Closure or Medical Therapy after Stroke. N Engl J Med. 2017. PMID 28902590 — tags: [stroke, secondary-prevention-cardioembolism-and-cryptogenic-stroke] — cited by: wiki/cardioembolic-and-cryptogenic-stroke.md
• Søndergaard L, et al. Patent Foramen Ovale Closure or Antiplatelet Therapy for Cryptogenic Stroke. N Engl J Med. 2017. PMID 28902580 — tags: [stroke, secondary-prevention-cardioembolism-and-cryptogenic-stroke] — cited by: wiki/cardioembolic-and-cryptogenic-stroke.md

Rehabilitation, outcomes, and patient experience

• Muhtar MS, et al. Post-stroke insomnia and the risk of post-stroke cognitive impairment and dementia: A large retrospective cohort study. Sleep Med. 2026;143:108929. PMID 41924789 — tags: [stroke, rehabilitation-outcomes-and-patient-experience] — cited by: wiki/patient-experience-and-advocacy.md
• AFFINITY Trial Collaboration Safety and efficacy of fluoxetine on functional outcome after acute stroke (AFFINITY): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet Neurol. 2020. PMID 32702334 — tags: [stroke, rehabilitation-outcomes-and-patient-experience] — cited by: wiki/rehabilitation-and-recovery.md
• Amarenco P, et al. Five-Year Risk of Stroke after TIA or Minor Ischemic Stroke. N Engl J Med. 2018. PMID 29766771 — tags: [stroke, rehabilitation-outcomes-and-patient-experience] — cited by: wiki/outcomes-and-prognostication.md
• Auger LP, et al. Interventions used by allied health professionals in sexual rehabilitation after stroke: A systematic review. Top Stroke Rehabil. 2021. PMID 33320057 — tags: [stroke, rehabilitation-outcomes-and-patient-experience] — cited by: wiki/patient-experience-and-advocacy.md
• Banks JL, et al. Outcomes validity and reliability of the modified Rankin scale: implications for stroke clinical trials: a literature review and synthesis. Stroke. 2007. PMID 17272767 — tags: [stroke, rehabilitation-outcomes-and-patient-experience] — cited by: wiki/outcomes-and-prognostication.md
• Baylan S, et al. Incidence and prevalence of post-stroke insomnia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep Med Rev. 2020. PMID 31739180 — tags: [stroke, rehabilitation-outcomes-and-patient-experience] — cited by: wiki/patient-experience-and-advocacy.md
• Brady MC, et al. Speech and language therapy for aphasia following stroke. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016. PMID 27245310 — tags: [stroke, rehabilitation-outcomes-and-patient-experience] — cited by: wiki/rehabilitation-and-recovery.md
• Chen NYC, et al. Addressing mood and fatigue in return-to-work programmes after stroke: a systematic review. Front Neurol. 2023. PMID 37674875 — tags: [stroke, rehabilitation-outcomes-and-patient-experience] — cited by: wiki/patient-experience-and-advocacy.md
• Chollet F, et al. Fluoxetine for motor recovery after acute ischaemic stroke (FLAME): a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet Neurol. 2011. PMID 21216670 — tags: [stroke, rehabilitation-outcomes-and-patient-experience] — cited by: wiki/rehabilitation-and-recovery.md
• Counsell C, et al. Predicting functional outcome in acute stroke: comparison of a simple six variable model with other predictive systems and informal clinical prediction. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2004. PMID 14966155 — tags: [stroke, rehabilitation-outcomes-and-patient-experience] — cited by: wiki/outcomes-and-prognostication.md
• Crary MA, et al. Initial psychometric assessment of a functional oral intake scale for dysphagia in stroke patients. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2005. PMID 16084801 — tags: [stroke, rehabilitation-outcomes-and-patient-experience] — cited by: wiki/outcomes-and-prognostication.md
• das Nair R, et al. Cognitive rehabilitation for memory deficits after stroke. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016. PMID 27581994 — tags: [stroke, rehabilitation-outcomes-and-patient-experience] — cited by: wiki/rehabilitation-and-recovery.md
• Dawson J, et al. Vagus nerve stimulation paired with rehabilitation for upper limb motor function after ischaemic stroke (VNS-REHAB): a randomised, blinded, pivotal, device trial. Lancet. 2021. PMID 33894832 — tags: [stroke, rehabilitation-outcomes-and-patient-experience] — cited by: wiki/rehabilitation-and-recovery.md
• Denham AMJ, et al. The long-term unmet needs of informal carers of stroke survivors at home: a systematic review of qualitative and quantitative studies. Disabil Rehabil. 2022. PMID 32393074 — tags: [stroke, rehabilitation-outcomes-and-patient-experience] — cited by: literature/patient-voice/README.md, literature/patient-voice/sources.md, literature/patient-voice/themes.md, wiki/patient-experience-and-advocacy.md
• Duncan PW, et al. Body-weight-supported treadmill rehabilitation after stroke. N Engl J Med. 2011. PMID 21612471 — tags: [stroke, rehabilitation-outcomes-and-patient-experience] — cited by: wiki/rehabilitation-and-recovery.md
• Edwards JD, et al. Return to work after young stroke: A systematic review. Int J Stroke. 2018. PMID 29189108 — tags: [stroke, rehabilitation-outcomes-and-patient-experience] — cited by: wiki/patient-experience-and-advocacy.md
• EFFECTS Trial Collaboration Safety and efficacy of fluoxetine on functional recovery after acute stroke (EFFECTS): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet Neurol. 2020. PMID 32702335 — tags: [stroke, rehabilitation-outcomes-and-patient-experience] — cited by: wiki/rehabilitation-and-recovery.md
• FOCUS Trial Collaboration Effects of fluoxetine on functional outcomes after acute stroke (FOCUS): a pragmatic, double-blind, randomised, controlled trial. Lancet. 2019. PMID 30528472 — tags: [stroke, rehabilitation-outcomes-and-patient-experience] — cited by: wiki/rehabilitation-and-recovery.md
• French B, et al. Repetitive task training for improving functional ability after stroke. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016. PMID 27841442 — tags: [stroke, rehabilitation-outcomes-and-patient-experience] — cited by: wiki/rehabilitation-and-recovery.md
• Guo Y, et al. The Unmet Needs of Community-Dwelling Stroke Survivors: A Systematic Review of Qualitative Studies. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021. PMID 33671734 — tags: [stroke, rehabilitation-outcomes-and-patient-experience] — cited by: OPEN-QUESTIONS.md, literature/patient-voice/sources.md, literature/patient-voice/themes.md, wiki/patient-experience-and-advocacy.md
• Hwang S, et al. Driving Rehabilitation for Stroke Patients: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis. Healthcare (Basel). 2023. PMID 37297777 — tags: [stroke, rehabilitation-outcomes-and-patient-experience] — cited by: wiki/patient-experience-and-advocacy.md
• Ignacio KHD, et al. Prevalence of depression and anxiety symptoms after stroke in young adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2024. PMID 38657829 — tags: [stroke, rehabilitation-outcomes-and-patient-experience] — cited by: wiki/patient-experience-and-advocacy.md
• Jammal M, et al. A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to reduce burden, stress, and strain in informal stroke caregivers. Clin Rehabil. 2024. PMID 39194341 — tags: [stroke, rehabilitation-outcomes-and-patient-experience] — cited by: OPEN-QUESTIONS.md, wiki/patient-experience-and-advocacy.md
• Jolly AA, et al. Neuroimaging correlates of post-stroke fatigue: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Stroke. 2023. PMID 37485902 — tags: [stroke, rehabilitation-outcomes-and-patient-experience] — cited by: OPEN-QUESTIONS.md, wiki/patient-experience-and-advocacy.md
• Kasner SE, et al. Clinical interpretation and use of stroke scales. Lancet Neurol. 2006. PMID 16781990 — tags: [stroke, rehabilitation-outcomes-and-patient-experience] — cited by: wiki/outcomes-and-prognostication.md
• Kennedy C, et al. Interventions for post-stroke fatigue: A Cochrane review summary. Int J Nurs Stud. 2018. PMID 29525448 — tags: [stroke, rehabilitation-outcomes-and-patient-experience] — cited by: wiki/rehabilitation-and-recovery.md
• Kothari RU, et al. Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Scale: reproducibility and validity. Ann Emerg Med. 1999. PMID 10092713 — tags: [stroke, rehabilitation-outcomes-and-patient-experience] — cited by: wiki/outcomes-and-prognostication.md
• Langhorne P, et al. Early supported discharge services for people with acute stroke. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017. PMID 28703869 — tags: [stroke, rehabilitation-outcomes-and-patient-experience] — cited by: wiki/rehabilitation-and-recovery.md
• Laver KE, et al. Telerehabilitation services for stroke. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020. PMID 32002991 — tags: [stroke, rehabilitation-outcomes-and-patient-experience] — cited by: wiki/rehabilitation-and-recovery.md
• Legg LA, et al. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) for stroke recovery. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021. PMID 34780067 — tags: [stroke, rehabilitation-outcomes-and-patient-experience] — cited by: wiki/rehabilitation-and-recovery.md
• Loetscher T, et al. Cognitive rehabilitation for attention deficits following stroke. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019. PMID 31706263 — tags: [stroke, rehabilitation-outcomes-and-patient-experience] — cited by: wiki/rehabilitation-and-recovery.md
• Luker J, et al. Stroke Survivors' Experiences of Physical Rehabilitation: A Systematic Review of Qualitative Studies. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2015. PMID 25847387 — tags: [stroke, rehabilitation-outcomes-and-patient-experience] — cited by: wiki/patient-experience-and-advocacy.md
• Martin-Saez MM, et al. The experience of occupational identity disruption post stroke: a systematic review and meta-ethnography. Disabil Rehabil. 2021. PMID 31373246 — tags: [stroke, rehabilitation-outcomes-and-patient-experience] — cited by: wiki/patient-experience-and-advocacy.md
• McGrath M, et al. How is sexuality after stroke experienced by stroke survivors and partners of stroke survivors? A systematic review of qualitative studies. Clin Rehabil. 2019. PMID 30180769 — tags: [stroke, rehabilitation-outcomes-and-patient-experience] — cited by: wiki/patient-experience-and-advocacy.md
• Mehrholz J, et al. Electromechanical-assisted training for walking after stroke. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020. PMID 33091160 — tags: [stroke, rehabilitation-outcomes-and-patient-experience] — cited by: wiki/rehabilitation-and-recovery.md
• Mitchell AJ, et al. Prevalence and predictors of post-stroke mood disorders: A meta-analysis and meta-regression of depression, anxiety and adjustment disorder. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2017. PMID 28807138 — tags: [stroke, rehabilitation-outcomes-and-patient-experience] — cited by: wiki/patient-experience-and-advocacy.md
• Northcott S, et al. A systematic review of the impact of stroke on social support and social networks: associated factors and patterns of change. Clin Rehabil. 2016. PMID 26330297 — tags: [stroke, rehabilitation-outcomes-and-patient-experience] — cited by: wiki/patient-experience-and-advocacy.md
• Ntaios G, et al. An integer-based score to predict functional outcome in acute ischemic stroke: the ASTRAL score. Neurology. 2012. PMID 22649218 — tags: [stroke, rehabilitation-outcomes-and-patient-experience] — cited by: wiki/outcomes-and-prognostication.md
• Nuccio E, et al. The needs and difficulties during the return to work after a stroke: a systematic review and meta-synthesis of qualitative studies. Disabil Rehabil. 2024. PMID 38018092 — tags: [stroke, rehabilitation-outcomes-and-patient-experience] — cited by: literature/patient-voice/organizations.md, literature/patient-voice/sources.md, literature/patient-voice/themes.md, wiki/patient-experience-and-advocacy.md
• Orange C, et al. Determinants of Return to Work After a Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2024. PMID 37797913 — tags: [stroke, rehabilitation-outcomes-and-patient-experience] — cited by: wiki/outcomes-and-prognostication.md, wiki/patient-experience-and-advocacy.md
• Pearce G, et al. Experiences of Self-Management Support Following a Stroke: A Meta-Review of Qualitative Systematic Reviews. PLoS One. 2015. PMID 26657458 — tags: [stroke, rehabilitation-outcomes-and-patient-experience] — cited by: wiki/patient-experience-and-advocacy.md
• Pendlebury ST, et al. Prevalence, incidence, and factors associated with pre-stroke and post-stroke dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Neurol. 2009. PMID 19782001 — tags: [stroke, rehabilitation-outcomes-and-patient-experience] — cited by: wiki/outcomes-and-prognostication.md
• Rafsten L, et al. Anxiety after stroke: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Rehabil Med. 2018. PMID 30184240 — tags: [stroke, rehabilitation-outcomes-and-patient-experience] — cited by: wiki/patient-experience-and-advocacy.md
• Rodgers H, et al. Robot assisted training for the upper limb after stroke (RATULS): a multicentre randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2019. PMID 31128926 — tags: [stroke, rehabilitation-outcomes-and-patient-experience] — cited by: wiki/rehabilitation-and-recovery.md
• Saposnik G, et al. The iScore predicts poor functional outcomes early after hospitalization for an acute ischemic stroke. Stroke. 2011. PMID 21960583 — tags: [stroke, rehabilitation-outcomes-and-patient-experience] — cited by: wiki/outcomes-and-prognostication.md
• Saunders DH, et al. Physical fitness training for stroke patients. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020. PMID 32196635 — tags: [stroke, rehabilitation-outcomes-and-patient-experience] — cited by: wiki/rehabilitation-and-recovery.md
• Saver JL, et al. Standardized Nomenclature for Modified Rankin Scale Global Disability Outcomes: Consensus Recommendations From Stroke Therapy Academic Industry Roundtable XI. Stroke. 2021. PMID 34320814 — tags: [stroke, rehabilitation-outcomes-and-patient-experience] — cited by: wiki/outcomes-and-prognostication.md
• See Toh WXS, et al. The experiences of spousal and adult child caregivers of stroke survivors in transitional care: A qualitative systematic review. J Adv Nurs. 2022. PMID 35986588 — tags: [stroke, rehabilitation-outcomes-and-patient-experience] — cited by: literature/patient-voice/README.md, literature/patient-voice/sources.md, literature/patient-voice/themes.md, wiki/patient-experience-and-advocacy.md
• Stinear CM, et al. An update on predicting motor recovery after stroke. Ann Phys Rehabil Med. 2014. PMID 25200094 — tags: [stroke, rehabilitation-outcomes-and-patient-experience] — cited by: wiki/rehabilitation-and-recovery.md
• Stolwyk RJ, et al. Post-stroke Cognition is Associated with Stroke Survivor Quality of Life and Caregiver Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Neuropsychol Rev. 2024. PMID 38466357 — tags: [stroke, rehabilitation-outcomes-and-patient-experience] — cited by: wiki/patient-experience-and-advocacy.md
• Thieme H, et al. Mirror therapy for improving motor function after stroke. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018. PMID 29993119 — tags: [stroke, rehabilitation-outcomes-and-patient-experience] — cited by: wiki/rehabilitation-and-recovery.md
• Wesselhoff S, et al. Community mobility after stroke: a systematic review. Top Stroke Rehabil. 2018. PMID 29322861 — tags: [stroke, rehabilitation-outcomes-and-patient-experience] — cited by: wiki/patient-experience-and-advocacy.md
• Wolf SL, et al. Effect of constraint-induced movement therapy on upper extremity function 3 to 9 months after stroke: the EXCITE randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2006. PMID 17077374 — tags: [stroke, rehabilitation-outcomes-and-patient-experience] — cited by: wiki/rehabilitation-and-recovery.md
• Wray F, et al. Longer-term needs of stroke survivors with communication difficulties living in the community: a systematic review and thematic synthesis of qualitative studies. BMJ Open. 2017. PMID 28988185 — tags: [stroke, rehabilitation-outcomes-and-patient-experience] — cited by: OPEN-QUESTIONS.md, wiki/patient-experience-and-advocacy.md
• Wynja K, et al. Measures and Influencers of Reintegration for the Stroke Patient: A Systematic Review. J Neurosci Nurs. 2024. PMID 39177416 — tags: [stroke, rehabilitation-outcomes-and-patient-experience] — cited by: wiki/patient-experience-and-advocacy.md
• Yu T, et al. Remote interventions for informal caregivers of patients with stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open. 2023. PMID 37696638 — tags: [stroke, rehabilitation-outcomes-and-patient-experience] — cited by: OPEN-QUESTIONS.md, wiki/patient-experience-and-advocacy.md
• Zawawi NSM, et al. The Unmet Needs of Stroke Survivors and Stroke Caregivers: A Systematic Narrative Review. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2020. PMID 32689648 — tags: [stroke, rehabilitation-outcomes-and-patient-experience] — cited by: wiki/patient-experience-and-advocacy.md
• Zhu W, et al. A Meta-analytic Study of Predictors for Informal Caregiver Burden in Patients With Stroke. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2018. PMID 30268368 — tags: [stroke, rehabilitation-outcomes-and-patient-experience] — cited by: wiki/patient-experience-and-advocacy.md

Guidelines and standards

• Majidi S, et al. Endovascular Thrombectomy in Medium and Distal Vessel Occlusions: A Focused Guideline From the Society of Vascular and Interventional Neurology Guidelines and Practice Standards Committee. Stroke Vasc Interv Neurol. 2026;6:e002314. PMID 42404835 — tags: [stroke, guidelines-and-standards] — cited by: literature/guidelines/REGISTRY.md, wiki/guidelines.md
• Richards LG, et al. 2026 Guideline for Adult Stroke Rehabilitation and Recovery: A Guideline From the American Heart Association and American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2026. PMID 42657476 — tags: [stroke, guidelines-and-standards] — cited by: literature/guidelines/REGISTRY.md, wiki/guidelines.md, wiki/overview.md, wiki/patient-experience-and-advocacy.md, wiki/rehabilitation-and-recovery.md
• Berge E, et al. European Stroke Organisation (ESO) guidelines on intravenous thrombolysis for acute ischaemic stroke. Eur Stroke J. 2021. PMID 33817340 — tags: [stroke, guidelines-and-standards] — cited by: literature/guidelines/REGISTRY.md, wiki/guidelines.md
• Bersano A, et al. European Stroke Organisation (ESO) Guidelines on Moyamoya angiopathy Endorsed by Vascular European Reference Network (VASCERN). Eur Stroke J. 2023. PMID 37021176 — tags: [stroke, guidelines-and-standards] — cited by: literature/guidelines/REGISTRY.md, wiki/guidelines.md
• Bonati LH, et al. European Stroke Organisation guideline on endarterectomy and stenting for carotid artery stenosis. Eur Stroke J. 2021. PMID 34414303 — tags: [stroke, guidelines-and-standards] — cited by: literature/guidelines/REGISTRY.md, wiki/guidelines.md
• Boulanger JM, et al. Canadian Stroke Best Practice Recommendations for Acute Stroke Management: Prehospital, Emergency Department, and Acute Inpatient Stroke Care, 6th Edition, Update 2018. Int J Stroke. 2018. PMID 30021503 — tags: [stroke, guidelines-and-standards] — cited by: literature/guidelines/REGISTRY.md
• Bushnell C, et al. 2024 Guideline for the Primary Prevention of Stroke: A Guideline From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2024. PMID 39429201 — tags: [stroke, guidelines-and-standards] — cited by: literature/guidelines/REGISTRY.md, wiki/guidelines.md
• Caso V, et al. European Stroke Organisation (ESO) Guidelines on the diagnosis and management of patent foramen ovale (PFO) after stroke. Eur Stroke J. 2024. PMID 38752755 — tags: [stroke, guidelines-and-standards] — cited by: literature/guidelines/REGISTRY.md, wiki/guidelines.md
• Christensen H, et al. European Stroke Organisation Guideline on Reversal of Oral Anticoagulants in Acute Intracerebral Haemorrhage. Eur Stroke J. 2019. PMID 31903428 — tags: [stroke, guidelines-and-standards] — cited by: literature/guidelines/REGISTRY.md, wiki/guidelines.md
• Debette S, et al. ESO guideline for the management of extracranial and intracranial artery dissection. Eur Stroke J. 2021. PMID 34746432 — tags: [stroke, guidelines-and-standards] — cited by: literature/guidelines/REGISTRY.md, wiki/guidelines.md
• Ferro JM, et al. European Stroke Organization guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of cerebral venous thrombosis - endorsed by the European Academy of Neurology. Eur J Neurol. 2017. PMID 28833980 — tags: [stroke, guidelines-and-standards] — cited by: literature/guidelines/REGISTRY.md, wiki/guidelines.md
• Gladstone DJ, et al. Canadian Stroke Best Practice Recommendations: Secondary Prevention of Stroke Update 2020. Can J Neurol Sci. 2022. PMID 34140063 — tags: [stroke, guidelines-and-standards] — cited by: literature/guidelines/REGISTRY.md, wiki/guidelines.md
• Heran M, et al. Canadian Stroke Best Practice Recommendations: Acute Stroke Management, 7(th) Edition Practice Guidelines Update, 2022. Can J Neurol Sci. 2024. PMID 36529857 — tags: [stroke, guidelines-and-standards] — cited by: literature/guidelines/REGISTRY.md, wiki/guidelines.md
• Klijn CJ, et al. Antithrombotic treatment for secondary prevention of stroke and other thromboembolic events in patients with stroke or transient ischemic attack and non-valvular atrial fibrillation: A European Stroke Organisation guideline. Eur Stroke J. 2019. PMID 31984228 — tags: [stroke, guidelines-and-standards] — cited by: literature/guidelines/REGISTRY.md, wiki/guidelines.md
• Lanctôt KL, et al. Canadian Stroke Best Practice Recommendations: Mood, Cognition and Fatigue following Stroke, 6th edition update 2019. Int J Stroke. 2020. PMID 31221036 — tags: [stroke, guidelines-and-standards] — cited by: literature/guidelines/REGISTRY.md, wiki/guidelines.md
• Lindsay P, et al. World Stroke Organization global stroke services guidelines and action plan. Int J Stroke. 2014. PMID 25250836 — tags: [stroke, guidelines-and-standards] — cited by: literature/guidelines/REGISTRY.md, wiki/guidelines.md
• Prabhakaran S, et al. 2026 Guideline for the Early Management of Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Guideline From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2026. PMID 41582814 — tags: [stroke, guidelines-and-standards] — cited by: literature/guidelines/REGISTRY.md, wiki/guidelines.md
• Prabhakaran S, et al. Correction to: 2026 Guideline for the Early Management of Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Guideline From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2026. PMID 42507797 — tags: [stroke, guidelines-and-standards] — cited by: literature/guidelines/REGISTRY.md
• Sandset EC, et al. 2025 update to European Stroke Organisation (ESO) guideline on blood pressure management in acute ischaemic stroke and intracerebral haemorrhage. Eur Stroke J. 2026. PMID 42095756 — tags: [stroke, guidelines-and-standards] — cited by: literature/guidelines/REGISTRY.md, wiki/guidelines.md
• Shoamanesh A, et al. Canadian stroke best practice recommendations: Management of Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage, 7th Edition Update 2020. Int J Stroke. 2021. PMID 33174815 — tags: [stroke, guidelines-and-standards] — cited by: literature/guidelines/REGISTRY.md, wiki/guidelines.md
• Steiner T, et al. European Stroke Organisation (ESO) and European Association of Neurosurgical Societies (EANS) guideline on stroke due to spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage. Eur Stroke J. 2025. PMID 40401775 — tags: [stroke, guidelines-and-standards] — cited by: literature/guidelines/REGISTRY.md, wiki/guidelines.md
• Steiner T, et al. European Stroke Organisation (ESO) guidelines for the management of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage. Int J Stroke. 2014. PMID 25156220 — tags: [stroke, guidelines-and-standards] — cited by: literature/guidelines/REGISTRY.md, wiki/guidelines.md
• Steiner T, et al. European Stroke Organization guidelines for the management of intracranial aneurysms and subarachnoid haemorrhage. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2013. PMID 23406828 — tags: [stroke, guidelines-and-standards] — cited by: literature/guidelines/REGISTRY.md, wiki/guidelines.md
• Teasell R, et al. Canadian Stroke Best Practice Recommendations: Rehabilitation, Recovery, and Community Participation following Stroke. Part One: Rehabilitation and Recovery Following Stroke; 6th Edition Update 2019. Int J Stroke. 2020. PMID 31983296 — tags: [stroke, guidelines-and-standards] — cited by: literature/guidelines/REGISTRY.md, wiki/guidelines.md
• Turc G, et al. European Stroke Organisation (ESO) - European Society for Minimally Invasive Neurological Therapy (ESMINT) Guidelines on Mechanical Thrombectomy in Acute Ischaemic StrokeEndorsed by Stroke Alliance for Europe (SAFE). Eur Stroke J. 2019. PMID 31165090 — tags: [stroke, guidelines-and-standards] — cited by: literature/guidelines/REGISTRY.md, wiki/guidelines.md
• Vergouwen MDI, et al. European Stroke Organisation (ESO), European Association of Neurosurgical Societies (EANS) and European Society for Minimally Invasive Neurological Therapy (ESMINT) guideline on aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage. Eur Stroke J. 2026. PMID 42095754 — tags: [stroke, guidelines-and-standards] — cited by: literature/guidelines/REGISTRY.md, wiki/guidelines.md
• Wardlaw JM, et al. ESO Guideline on covert cerebral small vessel disease. Eur Stroke J. 2021. PMID 34414301 — tags: [stroke, guidelines-and-standards] — cited by: literature/guidelines/REGISTRY.md, wiki/guidelines.md

Statistics and burden tables

• Banda KJ, et al. Prevalence of dysphagia and risk of pneumonia and mortality in acute stroke patients: a meta-analysis. BMC Geriatr. 2022. PMID 35562660 — tags: [stroke, statistics-and-burden-tables] — cited by: literature/patient-voice/sources.md, literature/statistics/STATISTICS.md
• Cumming TB, et al. The prevalence of fatigue after stroke: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Stroke. 2016. PMID 27703065 — tags: [stroke, statistics-and-burden-tables] — cited by: literature/patient-voice/sources.md, literature/patient-voice/themes.md, literature/statistics/STATISTICS.md
• Delfino C, et al. Stroke in Latin America: Systematic review of incidence, prevalence, and case-fatality in 1997-2021. Int J Stroke. 2023. PMID 36428236 — tags: [stroke, statistics-and-burden-tables] — cited by: literature/statistics/STATISTICS.md
• Hackett ML, et al. Part I: frequency of depression after stroke: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Int J Stroke. 2014. PMID 25117911 — tags: [stroke, statistics-and-burden-tables] — cited by: literature/patient-voice/sources.md, literature/statistics/STATISTICS.md
• Lin BL, et al. Unmet care needs of community-dwelling stroke survivors: a systematic review of quantitative studies. BMJ Open. 2021. PMID 33879490 — tags: [stroke, statistics-and-burden-tables] — cited by: literature/patient-voice/README.md, literature/patient-voice/sources.md, literature/patient-voice/themes.md, literature/statistics/STATISTICS.md
• Loh AZ, et al. The Global Prevalence of Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms Among Caregivers of Stroke Survivors. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2017. PMID 27742585 — tags: [stroke, statistics-and-burden-tables] — cited by: literature/patient-voice/sources.md, literature/patient-voice/themes.md, literature/statistics/STATISTICS.md
• Makin SD, et al. Cognitive impairment after lacunar stroke: systematic review and meta-analysis of incidence, prevalence and comparison with other stroke subtypes. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2013. PMID 23457225 — tags: [stroke, statistics-and-burden-tables] — cited by: literature/patient-voice/sources.md, literature/statistics/STATISTICS.md
• Meng PP, et al. The Occurrence Rate of Swallowing Disorders After Stroke Patients in Asia: A PRISMA-Compliant Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2020. PMID 32912517 — tags: [stroke, statistics-and-burden-tables] — cited by: literature/statistics/STATISTICS.md
• Mohan KM, et al. Risk and cumulative risk of stroke recurrence: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Stroke. 2011. PMID 21454819 — tags: [stroke, statistics-and-burden-tables] — cited by: literature/statistics/STATISTICS.md
• Palaniappan LP, et al. 2026 Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics: A Report of US and Global Data From the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2026. PMID 41562125 — tags: [stroke, statistics-and-burden-tables] — cited by: literature/statistics/STATISTICS.md
• Pendlebury ST, et al. Stroke-related dementia: rates, risk factors and implications for future research. Maturitas. 2009. PMID 19818568 — tags: [stroke, statistics-and-burden-tables] — cited by: literature/statistics/STATISTICS.md
• Wang JZ, et al. Incidence and management of seizures after ischemic stroke: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurology. 2017. PMID 28835405 — tags: [stroke, statistics-and-burden-tables] — cited by: literature/statistics/STATISTICS.md

Patient voice and advocacy research

• Carlsson H, et al. Upper-limb sensory impairments after stroke: Self-reported experiences of daily life and rehabilitation. J Rehabil Med. 2018. PMID 29068038 — tags: [stroke, patient-voice-and-advocacy-research] — cited by: literature/patient-voice/sources.md, literature/patient-voice/themes.md
• Chen L, et al. Enablers and barriers in hospital-to-home transitional care for stroke survivors and caregivers: A systematic review. J Clin Nurs. 2021. PMID 33872424 — tags: [stroke, patient-voice-and-advocacy-research] — cited by: literature/patient-voice/sources.md, literature/patient-voice/themes.md
• Clancy L, et al. "Living in a foreign country": experiences of staff-patient communication in inpatient stroke settings for people with post-stroke aphasia and those supporting them. Disabil Rehabil. 2020. PMID 30261762 — tags: [stroke, patient-voice-and-advocacy-research] — cited by: literature/patient-voice/README.md, literature/patient-voice/sources.md, literature/patient-voice/themes.md
• Gibson JME, et al. Medication-taking after stroke: a qualitative meta-synthesis of the perspectives of stroke survivors, informal carers and health professionals. Fam Pract. 2020. PMID 31324915 — tags: [stroke, patient-voice-and-advocacy-research] — cited by: literature/patient-voice/sources.md, literature/patient-voice/themes.md
• Lanyon L, et al. ‛Until you're in the chair and executing your role, you don't know': A qualitative study of the needs and perspectives of people with stroke-related communication disabilities when returning to vocational activity. Int J Lang Commun Disord. 2024. PMID 39180389 — tags: [stroke, patient-voice-and-advocacy-research] — cited by: literature/patient-voice/sources.md, literature/patient-voice/themes.md
• Martin RA, et al. Early Opportunities to Explore Occupational Identity Change: Qualitative Study of Return-To-Work Experiences After Stroke. J Rehabil Med. 2023. PMID 36748979 — tags: [stroke, patient-voice-and-advocacy-research] — cited by: literature/patient-voice/organizations.md, literature/patient-voice/sources.md, literature/patient-voice/themes.md
• Musser B, et al. Changes in identity after aphasic stroke: implications for primary care. Int J Family Med. 2015. PMID 25685553 — tags: [stroke, patient-voice-and-advocacy-research] — cited by: literature/patient-voice/README.md, literature/patient-voice/sources.md, literature/patient-voice/themes.md
• Nicholson S, et al. A systematic review of perceived barriers and motivators to physical activity after stroke. Int J Stroke. 2013. PMID 22974010 — tags: [stroke, patient-voice-and-advocacy-research] — cited by: literature/patient-voice/sources.md, literature/patient-voice/themes.md
• Norris M, et al. Acceptability and experience of a functional training programme (ReTrain) in community-dwelling stroke survivors in South West England: a qualitative study. BMJ Open. 2018. PMID 30049699 — tags: [stroke, patient-voice-and-advocacy-research] — cited by: literature/patient-voice/sources.md, literature/patient-voice/themes.md
• Reed MC, et al. Developing stroke rehabilitation and community services: a meta-synthesis of qualitative literature. Disabil Rehabil. 2012. PMID 21985186 — tags: [stroke, patient-voice-and-advocacy-research] — cited by: literature/patient-voice/README.md, literature/patient-voice/sources.md, literature/patient-voice/themes.md
• Sarre S, et al. A systematic review of qualitative studies on adjusting after stroke: lessons for the study of resilience. Disabil Rehabil. 2014. PMID 23883420 — tags: [stroke, patient-voice-and-advocacy-research] — cited by: literature/patient-voice/README.md, literature/patient-voice/sources.md, literature/patient-voice/themes.md
• White JH, et al. Exploring the experience of post-stroke fatigue in community dwelling stroke survivors: a prospective qualitative study. Disabil Rehabil. 2012. PMID 22256799 — tags: [stroke, patient-voice-and-advocacy-research] — cited by: literature/patient-voice/sources.md, literature/patient-voice/themes.md

Coverage note

This is a citation inventory, not a claim-level audit. Multi-domain papers are stored once and retain every current use in cited by. New PMID-bearing content should update this file; promotion from draft to curated still requires the separate audit session defined by the build playbook.