Skip to content

Global Retinoblastoma Study Group. The Global Retinoblastoma Outcome Study: a prospective, cluster-based analysis of 4064 patients from 149 countries. The Lancet. Global health. 2022;10:e1128-e1140. PMID 35839812

One-paragraph summary

The prospective cluster study enrolled 4,064 treatment-naive children diagnosed in 2017 at 260 centres in 149 countries and followed them for three years.

Key findings

  • Three-year survival was 99.5% in high-income, 91.2% upper-middle-income, 80.3% lower-middle-income and 57.3% low-income countries.
  • cT4 presentation rose from 0.8% to 42.9% across high- to low-income strata; low-income residence had adjusted mortality HR 16.67 and cT4 versus cT1 HR 8.98.

Limitations

  • Country income is ecological and cannot identify which individual access mechanism caused death; centre participation may underrepresent children never reaching care.

Why it matters

The study converted global inequity from anecdote into a common prospective denominator and makes stage-at-presentation central to the research agenda.

Cited by wiki pages

  • overview
  • epidemiology and global burden
  • global access and outcome disparity