Hepatocellular carcinoma — master bibliography¶

Last curated: 2026-08-30

Every PMID below was re-retrieved from live PubMed E-utilities during the 2026-08-30 audit. Each paper appears once; cited by lists every wiki page or literature registry that uses it.

biomarkers¶

Tzartzeva K, et al. Surveillance imaging and alpha fetoprotein for early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with cirrhosis: a meta-analysis. Gastroenterology. 2018;154:1706-1718.e1. PMID 29425931 — tags: [hepatocellular-carcinoma] — cited by: biomarkers.md, guidelines.md, surveillance-and-early-detection.md
Yang JD, et al. GALAD score for hepatocellular carcinoma detection in comparison with liver ultrasound and proposal of GALADUS score. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2019;28:531-538. PMID 30464023 — tags: [hepatocellular-carcinoma] — cited by: biomarkers.md, surveillance-and-early-detection.md
Huang C, et al. Validation of the GALAD model for early diagnosis and monitoring of hepatocellular carcinoma in Chinese multicenter study. Liver Int. 2022;42:210-223. PMID 34679250 — tags: [hepatocellular-carcinoma] — cited by: biomarkers.md, surveillance-and-early-detection.md
Singal AG, et al. Comparison of a multitarget blood test to ultrasound and alpha-fetoprotein for hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance: results of a network meta-analysis. Hepatol Commun. 2022;6:2925-2936. PMID 35945907 — tags: [hepatocellular-carcinoma] — cited by: biomarkers.md, surveillance-and-early-detection.md
Zhu AX, et al. Ramucirumab after sorafenib in advanced HCC and increased AFP (REACH-2). Lancet Oncol. 2019;20:282-296. PMID 30665869 — tags: [hepatocellular-carcinoma] — cited by: biomarkers.md, systemic-therapy.md
Zhou X, et al. Evaluation of PD-L1 as a biomarker for immunotherapy for HCC: systematic review and meta-analysis. Liver Cancer. 2023. PMID 36852452 — tags: [hepatocellular-carcinoma] — cited by: biomarkers.md
Ruiz de Galarreta M, et al. β-Catenin activation promotes immune escape and resistance to anti-PD-1 therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Discov. 2019;9:1124-1141. PMID 31186238 — tags: [hepatocellular-carcinoma] — cited by: biomarkers.md, molecular-landscape.md
Galli E, et al. Circulating blood biomarkers for minimal residual disease in hepatocellular carcinoma: a systematic review. Cancer Treat Rev. 2025;135:102908. PMID 40058162 — tags: [hepatocellular-carcinoma] — cited by: biomarkers.md

cirrhosis and risk stratification¶

Singal AG, et al. AASLD Practice Guidance on prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology. 2023;78:1922-1965. PMID 37199193 — tags: [hepatocellular-carcinoma] — cited by: cirrhosis-and-risk-stratification.md, diagnosis-and-imaging.md, guidelines.md, molecular-landscape.md, overview.md, red-flags-and-safety-concerns.md, staging-and-treatment-allocation.md, surgical-resection-and-ablation.md, surveillance-and-early-detection.md
Wu S, et al. Hepatocellular carcinoma prediction models in chronic hepatitis B: a systematic review of 14 models and external validation. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2021;19:2499-2513. PMID 33667678 — tags: [hepatocellular-carcinoma] — cited by: cirrhosis-and-risk-stratification.md
Lv GJ, et al. Risk of hepatocellular carcinoma occurrence after antiviral therapy for patients with chronic hepatitis C infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hepatol Int. 2024;18:1459-1471. PMID 38965190 — tags: [hepatocellular-carcinoma] — cited by: cirrhosis-and-risk-stratification.md, epidemiology-and-etiology.md
Chhatwal J, et al. Hepatocellular carcinoma incidence threshold for surveillance in virologically cured hepatitis C individuals. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2024;22:91-101.e6. PMID 37302445 — tags: [hepatocellular-carcinoma] — cited by: cirrhosis-and-risk-stratification.md
Parikh ND, et al. Cost-effectiveness of hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance: an assessment of benefits and harms. Am J Gastroenterol. 2020;115:1642-1649. PMID 32530829 — tags: [hepatocellular-carcinoma] — cited by: cirrhosis-and-risk-stratification.md, surveillance-and-early-detection.md
Sanduzzi-Zamparelli M, et al. Liver cancer risk after HCV cure in patients with advanced liver disease without non-characterized nodules. J Hepatol. 2022;76:874-882. PMID 34856322 — tags: [hepatocellular-carcinoma] — cited by: cirrhosis-and-risk-stratification.md
Huang DQ, El-Serag HB, Loomba R. Global epidemiology of NAFLD-related HCC: trends, predictions, risk factors and prevention. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2021;18:223-238. PMID 33349658 — tags: [hepatocellular-carcinoma] — cited by: cirrhosis-and-risk-stratification.md, epidemiology-and-etiology.md, mash-masld-hcc.md, overview.md
Huang DQ, et al. Global epidemiology of alcohol-associated cirrhosis and HCC: trends, projections and risk factors. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2023;20:37-49. PMID 36258033 — tags: [hepatocellular-carcinoma] — cited by: cirrhosis-and-risk-stratification.md, epidemiology-and-etiology.md, overview.md

clinical trials landscape¶

Llovet JM, et al. Sorafenib in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. N Engl J Med. 2008;359:378-390. PMID 18650514 — tags: [hepatocellular-carcinoma] — cited by: clinical-trials-landscape.md, overview.md, systemic-therapy.md
Kudo M, et al. Lenvatinib versus sorafenib in first-line treatment of patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: a randomised phase 3 non-inferiority trial. Lancet. 2018;391:1163-1173. PMID 29433850 — tags: [hepatocellular-carcinoma] — cited by: clinical-trials-landscape.md, overview.md, systemic-therapy.md
Bruix J, et al. Regorafenib for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma who progressed on sorafenib treatment (RESORCE): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2017;389:56-66. PMID 27932229 — tags: [hepatocellular-carcinoma] — cited by: clinical-trials-landscape.md, overview.md, red-flags-and-safety-concerns.md, systemic-therapy.md
Finn RS, et al. Atezolizumab plus bevacizumab in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. N Engl J Med. 2020;382:1894-1905. PMID 32402160 — tags: [hepatocellular-carcinoma] — cited by: clinical-trials-landscape.md, molecular-landscape.md, overview.md, red-flags-and-safety-concerns.md, systemic-therapy.md
Abou-Alfa GK, et al. Tremelimumab plus durvalumab in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. NEJM Evid. 2022;1:EVIDoa2100070. PMID 38319892 — tags: [hepatocellular-carcinoma] — cited by: clinical-trials-landscape.md, overview.md, systemic-therapy.md
Yau T, et al. Nivolumab plus ipilimumab versus lenvatinib or sorafenib as first-line treatment for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (CheckMate 9DW): an open-label, randomised, phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2025;405:1851-1864. PMID 40349714 — tags: [hepatocellular-carcinoma] — cited by: clinical-trials-landscape.md, guidelines.md, overview.md, systemic-therapy.md
Qin S, et al. Atezolizumab plus bevacizumab versus active surveillance in patients with resected or ablated high-risk hepatocellular carcinoma (IMbrave050). Lancet. 2023;402:1835-1847. PMID 37871608 — tags: [hepatocellular-carcinoma] — cited by: clinical-trials-landscape.md, surgical-resection-and-ablation.md
Yopp A, et al. Updated data from IMbrave050: adjuvant atezolizumab plus bevacizumab for high-risk hepatocellular carcinoma. J Hepatol. 2026;84:1102-1111. PMID 41580093 — tags: [hepatocellular-carcinoma] — cited by: clinical-trials-landscape.md, surgical-resection-and-ablation.md
Sangro B, et al. Durvalumab with or without bevacizumab with TACE in hepatocellular carcinoma (EMERALD-1). Lancet. 2025;405:216-232. PMID 39798579 — tags: [hepatocellular-carcinoma] — cited by: clinical-trials-landscape.md, guidelines.md, locoregional-therapy.md
Kudo M, et al. TACE combined with lenvatinib plus pembrolizumab versus dual placebo for unresectable non-metastatic HCC (LEAP-012). Lancet. 2025;405:203-215. PMID 39798578 — tags: [hepatocellular-carcinoma] — cited by: clinical-trials-landscape.md, guidelines.md, locoregional-therapy.md

diagnosis and imaging¶

Lee S, et al. Diagnostic performance of CT/MRI Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System v2017 for hepatocellular carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Liver Int. 2020;40:1488-1497. PMID 32145134 — tags: [hepatocellular-carcinoma] — cited by: diagnosis-and-imaging.md
van der Pol CB, et al. CT/MRI and CEUS LI-RADS major features association with hepatocellular carcinoma: individual patient data meta-analysis. Radiology. 2022;302:326-335. PMID 34783596 — tags: [hepatocellular-carcinoma] — cited by: diagnosis-and-imaging.md
Li J, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of contrast-enhanced ultrasound LI-RADS for differentiating HCC and other hepatic malignancies in high-risk patients: a meta-analysis. Ultraschall Med. 2021;42:187-193. PMID 33307595 — tags: [hepatocellular-carcinoma] — cited by: diagnosis-and-imaging.md
Nie C, et al. Tumor seeding with needle biopsy of hepatocellular carcinoma: a systematic review. Am J Gastroenterol. 2025;120:1144-1151. PMID 39692333 — tags: [hepatocellular-carcinoma] — cited by: diagnosis-and-imaging.md
Shropshire EL, et al. LI-RADS Treatment Response Algorithm: performance and diagnostic accuracy. Radiology. 2019;292:226-234. PMID 31038409 — tags: [hepatocellular-carcinoma] — cited by: diagnosis-and-imaging.md
Reig M, et al. BCLC strategy for prognosis prediction and treatment recommendation: the 2022 update. J Hepatol. 2022;76:681-693. PMID 34801630 — tags: [hepatocellular-carcinoma] — cited by: diagnosis-and-imaging.md, guidelines.md, locoregional-therapy.md, overview.md, red-flags-and-safety-concerns.md, staging-and-treatment-allocation.md

epidemiology and etiology¶

Bray F, et al. Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2024;74:229-263. PMID 38572751 — tags: [hepatocellular-carcinoma] — cited by: epidemiology-and-etiology.md, overview.md
McGlynn KA, Petrick JL, El-Serag HB. Epidemiology of hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology. 2021;73 Suppl 1:4-13. PMID 32319693 — tags: [hepatocellular-carcinoma] — cited by: epidemiology-and-etiology.md
Singal AG, Kanwal F, Llovet JM. Global trends in hepatocellular carcinoma epidemiology: implications for screening, prevention and therapy. Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2023;20:864-884. PMID 37884736 — tags: [hepatocellular-carcinoma] — cited by: epidemiology-and-etiology.md, mash-masld-hcc.md, surveillance-and-early-detection.md
Moon AM, Singal AG, Tapper EB. Contemporary epidemiology of chronic liver disease and cirrhosis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2020;18:2650-2666. PMID 31401364 — tags: [hepatocellular-carcinoma] — cited by: epidemiology-and-etiology.md
Yang JD, et al. A global view of hepatocellular carcinoma: trends, risk, prevention and management. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2019;16:589-604. PMID 31439937 — tags: [hepatocellular-carcinoma] — cited by: epidemiology-and-etiology.md
Chang MH, et al. Decreased incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in hepatitis B vaccinees: a 20-year follow-up study. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2009;101:1348-1355. PMID 19759364 — tags: [hepatocellular-carcinoma] — cited by: epidemiology-and-etiology.md
Thiele M, et al. Antiviral therapy for prevention of hepatocellular carcinoma and mortality in chronic hepatitis B: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open. 2013;3:e003265. PMID 23945731 — tags: [hepatocellular-carcinoma] — cited by: epidemiology-and-etiology.md
Rich NE, et al. Racial and ethnic disparities in survival among patients with hepatocellular carcinoma in the United States: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2022;20:2019-2030. PMID 33387668 — tags: [hepatocellular-carcinoma] — cited by: epidemiology-and-etiology.md
Wagle NS, et al. Racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic disparities in curative treatment receipt and survival in hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatol Commun. 2022;6:1186-1197. PMID 34796703 — tags: [hepatocellular-carcinoma] — cited by: epidemiology-and-etiology.md
Flores YN, et al. Disparities in hepatocellular carcinoma incidence, stage, and survival: a large population-based study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2021;30:1193-1199. PMID 33737301 — tags: [hepatocellular-carcinoma] — cited by: epidemiology-and-etiology.md

guidelines¶

European Association for the Study of the Liver. EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines: Management of hepatocellular carcinoma. J Hepatol. 2018;69:182-236. PMID 29628281 — tags: [hepatocellular-carcinoma, guideline, superseded] — cited by: literature/guidelines/REGISTRY.md
European Association for the Study of the Liver. EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines on the management of hepatocellular carcinoma. J Hepatol. 2025;82:315-374. PMID 39690085 — tags: [hepatocellular-carcinoma] — cited by: guidelines.md, overview.md
Vogel A, et al. Hepatocellular carcinoma: ESMO Clinical Practice Guideline for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol. 2025;36:491-506. PMID 39986353 — tags: [hepatocellular-carcinoma, guideline] — cited by: guidelines.md, literature/guidelines/REGISTRY.md
Vogel A, et al. Hepatocellular carcinoma: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol. 2018;29 Suppl 4:iv238-iv255. PMID 30285213 — tags: [hepatocellular-carcinoma, guideline, superseded] — cited by: literature/guidelines/REGISTRY.md
Pentheroudakis G, et al. Recent eUpdates to the ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines on hepatocellular carcinoma and other cancers. Ann Oncol. 2019;30:1395-1397. PMID 31168599 — tags: [hepatocellular-carcinoma, guideline, superseded] — cited by: literature/guidelines/REGISTRY.md
Omata M, et al. Asia-Pacific clinical practice guidelines on the management of hepatocellular carcinoma: a 2017 update. Hepatol Int. 2017;11:317-370. PMID 28620797 — tags: [hepatocellular-carcinoma] — cited by: guidelines.md
Kudo M, et al. Management of hepatocellular carcinoma in Japan: JSH consensus statements and recommendations 2021 update. Liver Cancer. 2021;10:181-223. PMID 34239808 — tags: [hepatocellular-carcinoma] — cited by: guidelines.md
Korean Liver Cancer Association and National Cancer Center Korea. 2022 KLCA-NCC Korea practice guidelines for the management of hepatocellular carcinoma. Clin Mol Hepatol. 2022;28:583-705. PMID 36263666 — tags: [hepatocellular-carcinoma] — cited by: guidelines.md
Xie DY, et al. A review of 2022 Chinese clinical guidelines on the management of hepatocellular carcinoma: updates and insights. Hepatobiliary Surg Nutr. 2023. PMID 37124695 — tags: [hepatocellular-carcinoma] — cited by: guidelines.md
Mazzaferro V, et al. Metroticket 2.0 model for analysis of competing risks of death after liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma. Gastroenterology. 2018;154:128-139. PMID 28989060 — tags: [hepatocellular-carcinoma] — cited by: guidelines.md, liver-transplantation.md, mash-masld-hcc.md, overview.md, staging-and-treatment-allocation.md

liver transplantation¶

Mazzaferro V, et al. Liver transplantation for the treatment of small hepatocellular carcinomas in patients with cirrhosis. N Engl J Med. 1996;334:693-699. PMID 8594428 — tags: [hepatocellular-carcinoma] — cited by: liver-transplantation.md, overview.md, staging-and-treatment-allocation.md
Yao FY, et al. Liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma: validation of the UCSF-expanded criteria based on preoperative imaging. Am J Transplant. 2007;7:2587-2596. PMID 17868066 — tags: [hepatocellular-carcinoma] — cited by: liver-transplantation.md
Yao FY, et al. Liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma: comparison of the proposed UCSF criteria with the Milan criteria and the Pittsburgh modified TNM criteria. Liver Transpl. 2002;8:765-774. PMID 12200775 — tags: [hepatocellular-carcinoma, transplant-selection] — cited by: liver-transplantation.md
Mazzaferro V, et al. Liver transplantation in hepatocellular carcinoma after tumour downstaging (XXL): a randomised, controlled, phase 2b/3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2020;21:947-956. PMID 32615109 — tags: [hepatocellular-carcinoma] — cited by: liver-transplantation.md
Mehta N, et al. Downstaging outcomes for hepatocellular carcinoma: results from the MERITS-LT consortium. Gastroenterology. 2021;161:1502-1512. PMID 34331914 — tags: [hepatocellular-carcinoma] — cited by: liver-transplantation.md
Mehta N, et al. Validation of the prognostic power of the RETREAT score for hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence using the UNOS database. Am J Transplant. 2018;18:1206-1213. PMID 29068145 — tags: [hepatocellular-carcinoma] — cited by: liver-transplantation.md

locoregional therapy¶

Brown AM, et al. TACE versus TARE for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: overall and individual patient level meta-analysis. Cancer Med. 2023;12:2590-2599. PMID 35943116 — tags: [hepatocellular-carcinoma] — cited by: locoregional-therapy.md
Garin E, et al. Personalised versus standard dosimetry approach of selective internal radiation therapy in locally advanced HCC (DOSISPHERE-01). Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2021;6:17-29. PMID 33166497 — tags: [hepatocellular-carcinoma] — cited by: locoregional-therapy.md, red-flags-and-safety-concerns.md
Chow PKH, et al. SIRveNIB: selective internal radiation therapy versus sorafenib in Asia-Pacific patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. J Clin Oncol. 2018;36:1913-1921. PMID 29498924 — tags: [hepatocellular-carcinoma] — cited by: locoregional-therapy.md
Hermann AL, et al. Relationship of tumor radiation-absorbed dose to survival and response in HCC treated with yttrium-90 in SARAH. Radiology. 2020;296:673-684. PMID 32602828 — tags: [hepatocellular-carcinoma] — cited by: locoregional-therapy.md
Dawson LA, et al. Stereotactic body radiotherapy vs sorafenib alone in hepatocellular carcinoma: NRG/RTOG 1112. JAMA Oncol. 2025;11:136-144. PMID 39699905 — tags: [hepatocellular-carcinoma] — cited by: locoregional-therapy.md
Patel KR, et al. Locoregional therapies for hepatocellular carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Netw Open. 2024;7:e2447995. PMID 39602117 — tags: [hepatocellular-carcinoma] — cited by: locoregional-therapy.md

mash masld hcc¶

Lee CH, et al. Hepatocellular carcinoma risk in ICD-coded non-cirrhotic nonalcoholic fatty liver disease refined by fatty liver index: a nationwide South Korean cohort study. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol. 2025;49:102612. PMID 40345323 — tags: [hepatocellular-carcinoma] — cited by: mash-masld-hcc.md, overview.md
Vitellius C, et al. MASLD-related HCC: multicenter study comparing patients with and without cirrhosis. JHEP Rep. 2024. PMID 39411648 — tags: [hepatocellular-carcinoma] — cited by: mash-masld-hcc.md
Cholankeril G, et al. Current challenges and future direction in surveillance for hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Semin Liver Dis. 2023;43:89-99. PMID 36216350 — tags: [hepatocellular-carcinoma] — cited by: mash-masld-hcc.md
Ki Kim S, et al. TERT promoter mutations and chromosome 8p loss are characteristic of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease-related hepatocellular carcinoma. Int J Cancer. 2016;139:2512-2518. PMID 27511114 — tags: [hepatocellular-carcinoma] — cited by: mash-masld-hcc.md, molecular-landscape.md, overview.md
Pfister D, et al. NASH limits anti-tumour surveillance in immunotherapy-treated HCC. Nature. 2021;592:450-456. PMID 33762733 — tags: [hepatocellular-carcinoma] — cited by: mash-masld-hcc.md

molecular landscape¶

Schulze K, et al. Exome sequencing of hepatocellular carcinomas identifies new mutational signatures and potential therapeutic targets. Nat Genet. 2015;47:505-511. PMID 25822088 — tags: [hepatocellular-carcinoma] — cited by: molecular-landscape.md, overview.md
Désert R, Nieto N, Musso O. Dimensions of hepatocellular carcinoma phenotypic diversity. World J Gastroenterol. 2018;24:4536-4547. PMID 30386103 — tags: [hepatocellular-carcinoma] — cited by: molecular-landscape.md
Pinyol R, Sia D, Llovet JM. Immune exclusion-Wnt/CTNNB1 class predicts resistance to immunotherapies in HCC. Clin Cancer Res. 2019;25:2021-2023. PMID 30617138 — tags: [hepatocellular-carcinoma] — cited by: molecular-landscape.md
Lu Y, et al. A single-cell atlas of the multicellular ecosystem of primary and metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma. Nat Commun. 2022;13:4594. PMID 35933472 — tags: [hepatocellular-carcinoma] — cited by: molecular-landscape.md
Harding JJ, et al. Prospective genotyping of hepatocellular carcinoma: clinical implications of next-generation sequencing for matching patients to targeted and immune therapies. Clin Cancer Res. 2019;25:2116-2126. PMID 30373752 — tags: [hepatocellular-carcinoma] — cited by: molecular-landscape.md

overview¶

Shepard CW, et al. Hepatitis B virus infection: epidemiology and vaccination. Epidemiol Rev. 2006;28:112-125. PMID 16754644 — tags: [hepatocellular-carcinoma] — cited by: overview.md
Zhang BH, Yang BH, Tang ZY. Randomized controlled trial of screening for hepatocellular carcinoma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 2004;130:417-422. PMID 15042359 — tags: [hepatocellular-carcinoma] — cited by: overview.md, surveillance-and-early-detection.md
Kansagara D, et al. Screening for hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic liver disease: a systematic review. Ann Intern Med. 2014;161:261-269. PMID 24934699 — tags: [hepatocellular-carcinoma] — cited by: overview.md, surveillance-and-early-detection.md
Singal AG, et al. HCC surveillance improves early detection, curative treatment receipt, and survival in patients with cirrhosis: a meta-analysis. J Hepatol. 2022;77:128-139. PMID 35139400 — tags: [hepatocellular-carcinoma] — cited by: overview.md, surveillance-and-early-detection.md
Taylor EJ, et al. Modeling the benefits and harms of surveillance for hepatocellular carcinoma: information to support informed choices. Hepatology. 2017;66:1546-1555. PMID 28605060 — tags: [hepatocellular-carcinoma] — cited by: overview.md, surveillance-and-early-detection.md
Arvind A, Redmon K, Singal AG. Persisting challenges in the early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther. 2025:1-12. PMID 39943795 — tags: [hepatocellular-carcinoma] — cited by: overview.md
Della Corte C, Colombo M. Surveillance for hepatocellular carcinoma. Semin Oncol. 2012;39:384-398. PMID 22846857 — tags: [hepatocellular-carcinoma] — cited by: overview.md
Kulik L, et al. Potential impact of IMbrave150 results in the evolving treatment landscape of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: a multidisciplinary expert opinion. J Hepatocell Carcinoma. 2020;7:423-433. PMID 33376711 — tags: [hepatocellular-carcinoma] — cited by: overview.md
de Castria TB, et al. Tremelimumab and durvalumab in the treatment of unresectable, advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Future Oncol. 2022;18:3769-3782. PMID 36399155 — tags: [hepatocellular-carcinoma] — cited by: overview.md

patient experience and advocacy¶

Norman EML, Weil J, Philip J. Hepatocellular carcinoma and its impact on quality of life: a review of the qualitative literature. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl). 2022;31:e13672. PMID 35974658 — tags: [hepatocellular-carcinoma] — cited by: patient-experience-and-advocacy.md
Wörns MA, et al. Patient experience of hepatocellular carcinoma and their treatment goals: an international qualitative study and patient journey map. Adv Ther. 2024;41:3598-3614. PMID 39052152 — tags: [hepatocellular-carcinoma] — cited by: patient-experience-and-advocacy.md
Patel N, et al. Understanding the patient experience in hepatocellular carcinoma: a qualitative patient interview study. Qual Life Res. 2022;31:473-485. PMID 34115280 — tags: [hepatocellular-carcinoma] — cited by: patient-experience-and-advocacy.md
Hansen L, et al. Patients with hepatocellular carcinoma near the end of life: a longitudinal qualitative study. Cancer Nurs. 2015;38:E19-E27. PMID 25122134 — tags: [hepatocellular-carcinoma] — cited by: patient-experience-and-advocacy.md
Hansen L, et al. Living with hepatocellular carcinoma near the end of life: family caregivers' perspectives. Oncol Nurs Forum. 2017;44:562-570. PMID 28820518 — tags: [hepatocellular-carcinoma] — cited by: patient-experience-and-advocacy.md
Lieber SR, et al. Early survivorship after liver transplantation: a qualitative study identifying challenges in recovery. Liver Transpl. 2022;28:422-436. PMID 34529886 — tags: [hepatocellular-carcinoma] — cited by: patient-experience-and-advocacy.md
Lieber SR, et al. What survivorship means to liver transplant recipients. Liver Transpl. 2021;27:1454-1467. PMID 33942480 — tags: [hepatocellular-carcinoma] — cited by: patient-experience-and-advocacy.md
Chiba T, et al. Japanese patient preferences regarding intermediate to advanced HCC treatments. Patient Prefer Adherence. 2019;13:637-647. PMID 31118587 — tags: [hepatocellular-carcinoma] — cited by: patient-experience-and-advocacy.md
Moon AM, et al. Exploring the role of patient preferences in HCC treatment decisions: a qualitative study. MDM Policy Pract. 2025;10:23814683251340055. PMID 40453415 — tags: [hepatocellular-carcinoma] — cited by: patient-experience-and-advocacy.md
Vogel A, et al. Lenvatinib versus sorafenib: patient-reported outcomes from REFLECT. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2021;6:649-658. PMID 34087115 — tags: [hepatocellular-carcinoma] — cited by: patient-experience-and-advocacy.md
Mudumbi SK, et al. Palliative care and hospice interventions in decompensated cirrhosis and HCC: a rapid review. J Palliat Med. 2018;21:1177-1184. PMID 29698124 — tags: [hepatocellular-carcinoma] — cited by: patient-experience-and-advocacy.md

red flags and safety concerns¶

Ben Khaled N, et al. Atezolizumab/bevacizumab or lenvatinib in HCC: real-world study focused on bleeding and thromboembolic events. JHEP Rep. 2024. PMID 38798717 — tags: [hepatocellular-carcinoma] — cited by: red-flags-and-safety-concerns.md, systemic-therapy.md

staging and treatment allocation¶

Vitale A, et al. Treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma in the precision medicine era: from treatment stage migration to therapeutic hierarchy. Hepatology. 2020;72:2206-2218. PMID 32064645 — tags: [hepatocellular-carcinoma] — cited by: staging-and-treatment-allocation.md
Tellapuri S, et al. Staging systems of hepatocellular carcinoma: a review. Indian J Gastroenterol. 2018;37:481-491. PMID 30593649 — tags: [hepatocellular-carcinoma] — cited by: staging-and-treatment-allocation.md
Hiraoka A, et al. Validation of modified ALBI grade for more detailed assessment of hepatic function in hepatocellular carcinoma patients: a multicenter analysis. Liver Cancer. 2019;8:121-129. PMID 31019902 — tags: [hepatocellular-carcinoma] — cited by: staging-and-treatment-allocation.md
Yan X, et al. Validation of models in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: comparison of HKLC with BCLC in a Chinese cohort. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2015;27:1180-1186. PMID 26067223 — tags: [hepatocellular-carcinoma] — cited by: staging-and-treatment-allocation.md

surgical resection and ablation¶

Feng Q, et al. Efficacy and safety of percutaneous radiofrequency ablation versus surgical resection for small hepatocellular carcinoma: a meta-analysis of 23 studies. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 2015;141:1-9. PMID 24889505 — tags: [hepatocellular-carcinoma] — cited by: surgical-resection-and-ablation.md
Aliseda D, et al. The impact of portal hypertension assessment method on the outcomes of hepatocellular carcinoma resection: a meta-analysis of matched cohort and prospective studies. Ann Surg. 2024;280:46-55. PMID 38126757 — tags: [hepatocellular-carcinoma] — cited by: staging-and-treatment-allocation.md, surgical-resection-and-ablation.md
Yu Q, et al. Percutaneous microwave ablation versus radiofrequency ablation of hepatocellular carcinoma: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Abdom Radiol (NY). 2021;46:4467-4475. PMID 33870454 — tags: [hepatocellular-carcinoma] — cited by: surgical-resection-and-ablation.md
Kabir T, et al. Laparoscopic versus open resection of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with cirrhosis: meta-analysis. Br J Surg. 2022. PMID 34757385 — tags: [hepatocellular-carcinoma] — cited by: surgical-resection-and-ablation.md

surveillance and early detection¶

Atiq O, et al. An assessment of benefits and harms of hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance in patients with cirrhosis. Hepatology. 2017;65:1196-1205. PMID 27775821 — tags: [hepatocellular-carcinoma] — cited by: surveillance-and-early-detection.md
Singal AG, et al. Benefits and harms of hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance in a prospective cohort of patients with cirrhosis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2021;19:1925-1932.e1. PMID 32920214 — tags: [hepatocellular-carcinoma] — cited by: surveillance-and-early-detection.md
Ramai D, et al. Utilization of hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance programs in patients with cirrhosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2023;57:198-203. PMID 34999648 — tags: [hepatocellular-carcinoma] — cited by: surveillance-and-early-detection.md
Maung ST, et al. Abbreviated MRI for hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Acad Radiol. 2024;31:3142-3156. PMID 38413315 — tags: [hepatocellular-carcinoma] — cited by: surveillance-and-early-detection.md
Ioannou GN, et al. Practice changing RCT design and rationale: abbreviated MRI plus AFP vs ultrasound plus AFP for HCC surveillance in cirrhosis (PREMIUM study). JHEP Rep. 2026;8:101666. PMID 41624484 — tags: [hepatocellular-carcinoma, surveillance, trial-design] — cited by: surveillance-and-early-detection.md

systemic therapy¶

Qin S, et al. Tislelizumab vs sorafenib as first-line treatment for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. JAMA Oncol. 2023;9:1651-1659. PMID 37796513 — tags: [hepatocellular-carcinoma] — cited by: systemic-therapy.md
Qin S, et al. Camrelizumab plus rivoceranib versus sorafenib as first-line therapy for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (CARES-310). Lancet. 2023;402:1133-1146. PMID 37499670 — tags: [hepatocellular-carcinoma] — cited by: systemic-therapy.md
Abou-Alfa GK, et al. Cabozantinib in patients with advanced and progressing hepatocellular carcinoma. N Engl J Med. 2018;379:54-63. PMID 29972759 — tags: [hepatocellular-carcinoma] — cited by: systemic-therapy.md
Yau T, et al. Cabozantinib plus atezolizumab versus sorafenib for advanced HCC (COSMIC-312): final results. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2024;9:310-322. PMID 38364832 — tags: [hepatocellular-carcinoma] — cited by: systemic-therapy.md
Lombardi P, et al. Lenvatinib vs. sorafenib as second-line treatment post atezolizumab plus bevacizumab for hepatocellular carcinoma: the LEVIATHAN study. JHEP Rep. 2025;7:101595. PMID 41321927 — tags: [hepatocellular-carcinoma, post-immunotherapy, sequencing] — cited by: systemic-therapy.md
Akkus E, et al. Second-line TKI after first-line immunotherapy-based treatment in advanced HCC: reconstructed IPD meta-analysis. JHEP Rep. 2026;8:101893. PMID 42128139 — tags: [hepatocellular-carcinoma, post-immunotherapy, sequencing] — cited by: systemic-therapy.md

2026-08-30 evidence deepening¶