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Bibliography — Chronic kidney disease

Last curated: 2026-09-02 (independent audit of the deepening pass). Every PMID was retrieved from PubMed E-utilities during the session that wrote the claim citing it, and all 310 records were re-resolved live against PubMed on 2026-09-02. “Cited by” lists the wiki pages whose reference sections contain the record.

Definition, epidemiology and prognosis

  • Hostetter et al. Hyperfiltration in remnant nephrons: a potentially adverse response to renal ablation. Am J Physiol. 1981;241(1):F85-F93. PMID 7246778 — tags: [definition, epidemiology, prognosis] — cited by: causes-and-aetiology.md, definition-staging-and-measurement.md, epidemiology-and-burden.md, guidelines.md, overview.md, pathophysiology-and-progression.md, race-and-the-egfr-equation.md, risk-prediction-and-prognosis.md
  • Nangaku M, et al. Chronic hypoxia and tubulointerstitial injury: a final common pathway to end-stage renal failure. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2006;17(1):17-25. PMID 16291837 — tags: [definition, epidemiology, prognosis] — cited by: pathophysiology-and-progression.md
  • Chen HM, et al. Obesity-related glomerulopathy in China: a case series of 90 patients. Am J Kidney Dis. 2008;52(1):58-65. PMID 18423814 — tags: [definition, epidemiology, prognosis] — cited by: causes-and-aetiology.md
  • Wynn et al. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of fibrosis. J Pathol. 2008;214(2):199-210. PMID 18161745 — tags: [definition, epidemiology, prognosis] — cited by: causes-and-aetiology.md, definition-staging-and-measurement.md, epidemiology-and-burden.md, guidelines.md, overview.md, pathophysiology-and-progression.md, race-and-the-egfr-equation.md, risk-prediction-and-prognosis.md
  • Genovese G, et al. Association of trypanolytic ApoL1 variants with kidney disease in African Americans. Science. 2010;329(5993):841-845. PMID 20647424 — tags: [definition, epidemiology, prognosis] — cited by: causes-and-aetiology.md, overview.md, race-and-the-egfr-equation.md
  • Friedman DJ, et al. Population-based risk assessment of APOL1 on renal disease. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2011;22(11):2098-2105. PMID 21997396 — tags: [definition, epidemiology, prognosis] — cited by: causes-and-aetiology.md, overview.md
  • White SL, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of urine dipsticks for detection of albuminuria in the general community. Am J Kidney Dis. 2011;58(1):19-28. PMID 21411199 — tags: [definition, epidemiology, prognosis] — cited by: definition-staging-and-measurement.md
  • Cirillo et al. A population-based approach for the definition of chronic kidney disease: CKD Prognosis Consortium. J Nephrol. 2012;25(1):7-12. PMID 22038337 — tags: [definition, epidemiology, prognosis] — cited by: anaemia-of-ckd.md, cardiovascular-risk-in-ckd.md, causes-and-aetiology.md, conservative-and-supportive-care.md, definition-staging-and-measurement.md, diet-and-nutrition.md, epidemiology-and-burden.md, guidelines.md, inherited-and-glomerular-disease.md, kidney-replacement-therapy-decisions.md, mineral-and-bone-disorder.md, overview.md, pathophysiology-and-progression.md, potassium-acidosis-and-metabolic.md, race-and-the-egfr-equation.md, red-flags-and-safety-concerns.md, risk-prediction-and-prognosis.md, symptom-burden-and-patient-experience.md
  • Coca SG, et al. Chronic kidney disease after acute kidney injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Kidney Int. 2012;81(5):442-448. PMID 22113526 — tags: [definition, epidemiology, prognosis] — cited by: pathophysiology-and-progression.md
  • Matsushita et al. Cohort profile: the chronic kidney disease prognosis consortium. Int J Epidemiol. 2013;42(6):1660-1668. PMID 23243116 — tags: [definition, epidemiology, prognosis] — cited by: anaemia-of-ckd.md, cardiovascular-risk-in-ckd.md, causes-and-aetiology.md, conservative-and-supportive-care.md, definition-staging-and-measurement.md, diet-and-nutrition.md, epidemiology-and-burden.md, guidelines.md, inherited-and-glomerular-disease.md, kidney-replacement-therapy-decisions.md, mineral-and-bone-disorder.md, overview.md, pathophysiology-and-progression.md, potassium-acidosis-and-metabolic.md, race-and-the-egfr-equation.md, red-flags-and-safety-concerns.md, risk-prediction-and-prognosis.md, symptom-burden-and-patient-experience.md
  • Lamb EJ, et al. The eGFR-C study: accuracy of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) estimation using creatinine and cystatin C and albuminuria for monitoring disease progression in patients with stage 3 chronic kidney disease--prospective longitudinal study in a multiethnic population. BMC Nephrol. 2014;15:13. PMID 24423077 — tags: [definition, epidemiology, prognosis] — cited by: definition-staging-and-measurement.md
  • Wen et al. Relative risks of CKD for mortality and end-stage renal disease across races are similar. Kidney Int. 2014;86(4):819-827. PMID 24522492 — tags: [definition, epidemiology, prognosis] — cited by: causes-and-aetiology.md, definition-staging-and-measurement.md, epidemiology-and-burden.md, guidelines.md, overview.md, pathophysiology-and-progression.md, race-and-the-egfr-equation.md, risk-prediction-and-prognosis.md
  • Bridoux F, et al. Diagnosis of monoclonal gammopathy of renal significance. Kidney Int. 2015;87(4):698-711. PMID 25607108 — tags: [definition, epidemiology, prognosis] — cited by: causes-and-aetiology.md
  • Matsushita et al. eGFR and albuminuria for prediction of cardiovascular outcomes: individual-participant meta-analysis. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2015;3(7):514-525. PMID 26028594 — tags: [definition, epidemiology, prognosis] — cited by: cardiovascular-risk-in-ckd.md, causes-and-aetiology.md, definition-staging-and-measurement.md, epidemiology-and-burden.md, guidelines.md, mineral-and-bone-disorder.md, overview.md, pathophysiology-and-progression.md, race-and-the-egfr-equation.md, risk-prediction-and-prognosis.md
  • Hill NR, et al. Global Prevalence of Chronic Kidney Disease - A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. PLoS One. 2016;11(7):e0158765. PMID 27383068 — tags: [definition, epidemiology, prognosis] — cited by: epidemiology-and-burden.md
  • Laws RL, et al. Biomarkers of Kidney Injury Among Nicaraguan Sugarcane Workers. Am J Kidney Dis. 2016;67(2):209-217. PMID 26454687 — tags: [definition, epidemiology, prognosis] — cited by: causes-and-aetiology.md
  • Lazarus B, et al. Proton Pump Inhibitor Use and the Risk of Chronic Kidney Disease. JAMA Intern Med. 2016;176(2):238-246. PMID 26752337 — tags: [definition, epidemiology, prognosis] — cited by: causes-and-aetiology.md
  • Lennartz CS, et al. External Validation of the Kidney Failure Risk Equation and Re-Calibration with Addition of Ultrasound Parameters. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2016;11(4):609-615. PMID 26787778 — tags: [definition, epidemiology, prognosis] — cited by: risk-prediction-and-prognosis.md
  • Tangri et al. Multinational assessment of equations predicting kidney failure. JAMA. 2016;315(2):164-174. PMID 26757465 — tags: [definition, epidemiology, prognosis] — cited by: anaemia-of-ckd.md, cardiovascular-risk-in-ckd.md, causes-and-aetiology.md, conservative-and-supportive-care.md, definition-staging-and-measurement.md, epidemiology-and-burden.md, guidelines.md, inherited-and-glomerular-disease.md, kidney-replacement-therapy-decisions.md, mineral-and-bone-disorder.md, overview.md, pathophysiology-and-progression.md, race-and-the-egfr-equation.md, red-flags-and-safety-concerns.md, risk-prediction-and-prognosis.md, symptom-burden-and-patient-experience.md
  • Denic A, et al. Single-Nephron Glomerular Filtration Rate in Healthy Adults. N Engl J Med. 2017;376(24):2349-2357. PMID 28614683 — tags: [definition, epidemiology, prognosis] — cited by: pathophysiology-and-progression.md
  • Naik RP, et al. Sickle Cell Trait and the Risk of ESRD in Blacks. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2017;28(7):2180-2187. PMID 28280138 — tags: [definition, epidemiology, prognosis] — cited by: causes-and-aetiology.md
  • Carrero JJ, et al. Sex and gender disparities in the epidemiology and outcomes of chronic kidney disease. Nat Rev Nephrol. 2018;14(3):151-164. PMID 29355169 — tags: [definition, epidemiology, prognosis] — cited by: epidemiology-and-burden.md
  • Ridker PM, et al. Inhibition of Interleukin-1beta by Canakinumab and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2018;71(21):2405-2414. PMID 29793629 — tags: [definition, epidemiology, prognosis] — cited by: pathophysiology-and-progression.md
  • Waikar SS, et al. Biological Variability of Estimated GFR and Albuminuria in CKD. Am J Kidney Dis. 2018;72(4):538-546. PMID 30031564 — tags: [definition, epidemiology, prognosis] — cited by: definition-staging-and-measurement.md
  • Anand S, et al. Prospective Biopsy-Based Study of CKD of Unknown Etiology in Sri Lanka. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2019;14(2):224-232. PMID 30659059 — tags: [definition, epidemiology, prognosis] — cited by: causes-and-aetiology.md
  • Canaud G, et al. Cyclin G1 and TASCC regulate kidney epithelial cell G2-M arrest and fibrotic maladaptive repair. Sci Transl Med. 2019;11(476):eaav4754. PMID 30674655 — tags: [definition, epidemiology, prognosis] — cited by: pathophysiology-and-progression.md
  • Chang AR, et al. Adiposity and risk of decline in glomerular filtration rate: meta-analysis of individual participant data in a global consortium. BMJ. 2019;364:k5301. PMID 30630856 — tags: [definition, epidemiology, prognosis] — cited by: risk-prediction-and-prognosis.md
  • Coresh J, et al. Change in albuminuria and subsequent risk of end-stage kidney disease: an individual participant-level consortium meta-analysis of observational studies. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2019;7(2):115-127. PMID 30635225 — tags: [definition, epidemiology, prognosis] — cited by: definition-staging-and-measurement.md
  • Grams ME, et al. Evaluating Glomerular Filtration Rate Slope as a Surrogate End Point for ESKD in Clinical Trials: An Individual Participant Meta-Analysis of Observational Data. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2019;30(9):1746-1755. PMID 31292199 — tags: [definition, epidemiology, prognosis] — cited by: definition-staging-and-measurement.md
  • Groopman EE, et al. Diagnostic Utility of Exome Sequencing for Kidney Disease. N Engl J Med. 2019;380(2):142-151. PMID 30586318 — tags: [definition, epidemiology, prognosis] — cited by: causes-and-aetiology.md
  • Heerspink HJL, et al. Change in albuminuria as a surrogate endpoint for progression of kidney disease: a meta-analysis of treatment effects in randomised clinical trials. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2019;7(2):128-139. PMID 30635226 — tags: [definition, epidemiology, prognosis] — cited by: definition-staging-and-measurement.md
  • Inker et al. Relationship of Estimated GFR and Albuminuria to Concurrent Laboratory Abnormalities. Am J Kidney Dis. 2019;73(2):206-217. PMID 30348535 — tags: [definition, epidemiology, prognosis] — cited by: anaemia-of-ckd.md, cardiovascular-risk-in-ckd.md, causes-and-aetiology.md, conservative-and-supportive-care.md, definition-staging-and-measurement.md, diet-and-nutrition.md, epidemiology-and-burden.md, guidelines.md, inherited-and-glomerular-disease.md, kidney-replacement-therapy-decisions.md, mineral-and-bone-disorder.md, overview.md, pathophysiology-and-progression.md, potassium-acidosis-and-metabolic.md, race-and-the-egfr-equation.md, red-flags-and-safety-concerns.md, risk-prediction-and-prognosis.md, symptom-burden-and-patient-experience.md
  • Jelakovic B, et al. Balkan Endemic Nephropathy and the Causative Role of Aristolochic Acid. Semin Nephrol. 2019;39(3):284-296. PMID 31054628 — tags: [definition, epidemiology, prognosis] — cited by: causes-and-aetiology.md
  • Nelson RG, et al. Development of Risk Prediction Equations for Incident Chronic Kidney Disease. JAMA. 2019;322(21):2104-2114. PMID 31703124 — tags: [definition, epidemiology, prognosis] — cited by: risk-prediction-and-prognosis.md
  • See EJ, et al. Long-term risk of adverse outcomes after acute kidney injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies using consensus definitions of exposure. Kidney Int. 2019;95(1):160-172. PMID 30473140 — tags: [definition, epidemiology, prognosis] — cited by: pathophysiology-and-progression.md
  • Badve SV, et al. Effects of Allopurinol on the Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(26):2504-2513. PMID 32579811 — tags: [definition, epidemiology, prognosis] — cited by: pathophysiology-and-progression.md
  • Doria A, et al. Serum Urate Lowering with Allopurinol and Kidney Function in Type 1 Diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(26):2493-2503. PMID 32579810 — tags: [definition, epidemiology, prognosis] — cited by: pathophysiology-and-progression.md
  • GBD CKD Collaboration et al. Global, regional, and national burden of chronic kidney disease, 1990-2017. Lancet. 2020;395(10225):709-733. PMID 32061315 — tags: [definition, epidemiology, prognosis] — cited by: anaemia-of-ckd.md, cardiovascular-risk-in-ckd.md, causes-and-aetiology.md, conservative-and-supportive-care.md, definition-staging-and-measurement.md, diabetic-kidney-disease.md, diet-and-nutrition.md, epidemiology-and-burden.md, guidelines.md, inherited-and-glomerular-disease.md, kidney-replacement-therapy-decisions.md, mineral-and-bone-disorder.md, mineralocorticoid-receptor-antagonists.md, overview.md, pathophysiology-and-progression.md, potassium-acidosis-and-metabolic.md, race-and-the-egfr-equation.md, ras-blockade-and-blood-pressure.md, red-flags-and-safety-concerns.md, risk-prediction-and-prognosis.md, sglt2-inhibitors.md, symptom-burden-and-patient-experience.md
  • Sanchez Polo et al. Mesoamerican Nephropathy: What We Know so Far. Int J Nephrol Renovasc Dis. 2020;13:261-272. PMID 33116757 — tags: [definition, epidemiology, prognosis] — cited by: causes-and-aetiology.md, definition-staging-and-measurement.md, epidemiology-and-burden.md, guidelines.md, overview.md, pathophysiology-and-progression.md, race-and-the-egfr-equation.md, risk-prediction-and-prognosis.md
  • Sumida K, et al. Conversion of Urine Protein-Creatinine Ratio or Urine Dipstick Protein to Urine Albumin-Creatinine Ratio for Use in Chronic Kidney Disease Screening and Prognosis: An Individual Participant-Based Meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med. 2020;173(6):426-435. PMID 32658569 — tags: [definition, epidemiology, prognosis] — cited by: definition-staging-and-measurement.md
  • Wakasugi M, et al. Lifetime and age-conditional risk estimates of end-stage kidney disease requiring maintenance dialysis in Japan. Clin Exp Nephrol. 2020;24(6):518-525. PMID 32040656 — tags: [definition, epidemiology, prognosis] — cited by: epidemiology-and-burden.md, overview.md
  • Inker et al. New Creatinine- and Cystatin C-Based Equations to Estimate GFR without Race. N Engl J Med. 2021;385(19):1737-1749. PMID 34554658 — tags: [definition, epidemiology, prognosis] — cited by: anaemia-of-ckd.md, cardiovascular-risk-in-ckd.md, causes-and-aetiology.md, conservative-and-supportive-care.md, definition-staging-and-measurement.md, diet-and-nutrition.md, epidemiology-and-burden.md, guidelines.md, inherited-and-glomerular-disease.md, kidney-replacement-therapy-decisions.md, mineral-and-bone-disorder.md, overview.md, pathophysiology-and-progression.md, potassium-acidosis-and-metabolic.md, race-and-the-egfr-equation.md, red-flags-and-safety-concerns.md, risk-prediction-and-prognosis.md, symptom-burden-and-patient-experience.md
  • Lameire NH, et al. Harmonizing acute and chronic kidney disease definition and classification: report of a KDIGO Consensus Conference. Kidney Int. 2021;100(3):516-526. PMID 34252450 — tags: [definition, epidemiology, prognosis] — cited by: definition-staging-and-measurement.md
  • Liu P, et al. Accounting for Age in the Definition of Chronic Kidney Disease. JAMA Intern Med. 2021;181(10):1359-1366. PMID 34459844 — tags: [definition, epidemiology, prognosis] — cited by: definition-staging-and-measurement.md, overview.md
  • Mei F, et al. Frailty as a Predictor of Negative Health Outcomes in Chronic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2021;22(3):535-543.e7. PMID 33218914 — tags: [definition, epidemiology, prognosis] — cited by: risk-prediction-and-prognosis.md
  • Oguejiofor F, et al. International Society of Nephrology Global Kidney Health Atlas: structures, organization, and services for the management of kidney failure in Africa. Kidney Int Suppl (2011). 2021;11(2):e11-e23. PMID 33981467 — tags: [definition, epidemiology, prognosis] — cited by: epidemiology-and-burden.md
  • Pottel H, et al. Development and Validation of a Modified Full Age Spectrum Creatinine-Based Equation to Estimate Glomerular Filtration Rate. Ann Intern Med. 2021;174(2):183-191. PMID 33166224 — tags: [definition, epidemiology, prognosis] — cited by: definition-staging-and-measurement.md
  • Van Alphen AM, et al. Chronic kidney disease in lithium-treated patients, incidence and rate of decline. Int J Bipolar Disord. 2021;9(1):1. PMID 33392830 — tags: [definition, epidemiology, prognosis] — cited by: causes-and-aetiology.md
  • Wiles K, et al. The impact of chronic kidney disease Stages 3-5 on pregnancy outcomes. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2021;36(11):2008-2017. PMID 33313680 — tags: [definition, epidemiology, prognosis] — cited by: risk-prediction-and-prognosis.md
  • Delgado et al. A Unifying Approach for GFR Estimation: Recommendations of the NKF-ASN Task Force on Reassessing the Inclusion of Race in Diagnosing Kidney Disease. Am J Kidney Dis. 2022;79(2):268-288.e1. PMID 34563581 — tags: [definition, epidemiology, prognosis] — cited by: anaemia-of-ckd.md, cardiovascular-risk-in-ckd.md, causes-and-aetiology.md, conservative-and-supportive-care.md, definition-staging-and-measurement.md, epidemiology-and-burden.md, guidelines.md, inherited-and-glomerular-disease.md, kidney-replacement-therapy-decisions.md, mineral-and-bone-disorder.md, overview.md, pathophysiology-and-progression.md, race-and-the-egfr-equation.md, red-flags-and-safety-concerns.md, risk-prediction-and-prognosis.md, symptom-burden-and-patient-experience.md
  • Ng DK, et al. Self-reported Race, Serum Creatinine, Cystatin C, and GFR in Children and Young Adults With Pediatric Kidney Diseases: A Report From the Chronic Kidney Disease in Children (CKiD) Study. Am J Kidney Dis. 2022;80(2):174-185.e1. PMID 34974031 — tags: [definition, epidemiology, prognosis] — cited by: race-and-the-egfr-equation.md
  • CKD Prognosis Consortium et al. Estimated GFR, Albuminuria, and Adverse Outcomes: individual-participant data meta-analysis. JAMA. 2023;330(13):1266-1277. PMID 37787795 — tags: [definition, epidemiology, prognosis] — cited by: anaemia-of-ckd.md, cardiovascular-risk-in-ckd.md, causes-and-aetiology.md, conservative-and-supportive-care.md, definition-staging-and-measurement.md, diet-and-nutrition.md, epidemiology-and-burden.md, guidelines.md, inherited-and-glomerular-disease.md, kidney-replacement-therapy-decisions.md, mineral-and-bone-disorder.md, overview.md, pathophysiology-and-progression.md, potassium-acidosis-and-metabolic.md, race-and-the-egfr-equation.md, red-flags-and-safety-concerns.md, risk-prediction-and-prognosis.md, symptom-burden-and-patient-experience.md
  • Fu EL, et al. Removing race from the CKD-EPI equation and its impact on prognosis in a predominantly White European population. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2023;38(1):119-128. PMID 35689668 — tags: [definition, epidemiology, prognosis] — cited by: race-and-the-egfr-equation.md
  • Grams et al. Kidney Failure Risk Equation evaluation with novel inputs in 59 cohorts. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2023;34(3):482-494. PMID 36857500 — tags: [definition, epidemiology, prognosis] — cited by: cardiovascular-risk-in-ckd.md, causes-and-aetiology.md, definition-staging-and-measurement.md, epidemiology-and-burden.md, guidelines.md, inherited-and-glomerular-disease.md, mineral-and-bone-disorder.md, overview.md, pathophysiology-and-progression.md, race-and-the-egfr-equation.md, risk-prediction-and-prognosis.md
  • Lake BB, et al. An atlas of healthy and injured cell states and niches in the human kidney. Nature. 2023;619(7970):585-594. PMID 37468583 — tags: [definition, epidemiology, prognosis] — cited by: pathophysiology-and-progression.md
  • Muiru AN, et al. Effect of Adopting the New Race-Free 2021 CKD-EPI eGFR Creatinine Equation on Racial Differences in Kidney Disease Progression Among People With HIV: An Observational Study. Clin Infect Dis. 2023;76(3):461-468. PMID 36069064 — tags: [definition, epidemiology, prognosis] — cited by: overview.md, race-and-the-egfr-equation.md
  • Pavlakis M, et al. A Restorative Justice Project in Kidney Allocation-The Wait Time Modification for Black and African American Candidates Affected by the Race-Based eGFR Equation. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2023;34(10):1618-1620. PMID 37488677 — tags: [definition, epidemiology, prognosis] — cited by: race-and-the-egfr-equation.md
  • Pottel H, et al. Cystatin C-Based Equation to Estimate GFR without the Inclusion of Race and Sex. N Engl J Med. 2023;388(4):333-343. PMID 36720134 — tags: [definition, epidemiology, prognosis] — cited by: definition-staging-and-measurement.md
  • Rao et al. Chronic kidney disease of unknown aetiology: a global review. Trop Med Int Health. 2023;28(8):588-600. PMID 37403003 — tags: [definition, epidemiology, prognosis] — cited by: causes-and-aetiology.md, definition-staging-and-measurement.md, epidemiology-and-burden.md, guidelines.md, overview.md, pathophysiology-and-progression.md, race-and-the-egfr-equation.md, risk-prediction-and-prognosis.md
  • Schmeusser BN, et al. Race-free renal function estimation equations and potential impact on Black patients: Implications for cancer clinical trial enrollment. Cancer. 2023;129(6):920-924. PMID 36606692 — tags: [definition, epidemiology, prognosis] — cited by: overview.md, race-and-the-egfr-equation.md
  • Srialluri N, et al. Preeclampsia and Long-term Kidney Outcomes: An Observational Cohort Study. Am J Kidney Dis. 2023;82(6):698-705. PMID 37516302 — tags: [definition, epidemiology, prognosis] — cited by: risk-prediction-and-prognosis.md
  • Bravo-Zuniga J, et al. Multicentre external validation of the prognostic model kidney failure risk equation in patients with CKD stages 3 and 4 in Peru: a retrospective cohort study. BMJ Open. 2024;14(1):e076217. PMID 38184316 — tags: [definition, epidemiology, prognosis] — cited by: risk-prediction-and-prognosis.md
  • Chesnaye NC, et al. Differences in the epidemiology, management and outcomes of kidney disease in men and women. Nat Rev Nephrol. 2024;20(1):7-20. PMID 37985869 — tags: [definition, epidemiology, prognosis] — cited by: epidemiology-and-burden.md
  • Delanaye P, et al. Performance of the European Kidney Function Consortium (EKFC) creatinine-based equation in United States cohorts. Kidney Int. 2024;105(3):629-637. PMID 38101514 — tags: [definition, epidemiology, prognosis] — cited by: definition-staging-and-measurement.md
  • Edmonston D, et al. Klotho and Clinical Outcomes in CKD: Findings From the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) Study. Am J Kidney Dis. 2024;84(3):349-360.e1. PMID 38583756 — tags: [definition, epidemiology, prognosis] — cited by: pathophysiology-and-progression.md
  • Hundemer GL, et al. Has the time come for age-adapted glomerular filtration rate criteria to define chronic kidney disease: how soon is now? Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens. 2024;33(3):318-324. PMID 38411155 — tags: [definition, epidemiology, prognosis] — cited by: definition-staging-and-measurement.md
  • KDIGO CKD Work Group et al. KDIGO 2024 Clinical Practice Guideline for the Evaluation and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease. Kidney Int. 2024;105(4S):S117-S314. PMID 38490803 — tags: [definition, epidemiology, prognosis] — cited by: anaemia-of-ckd.md, cardiovascular-risk-in-ckd.md, causes-and-aetiology.md, clinical-trials-landscape.md, conservative-and-supportive-care.md, definition-staging-and-measurement.md, diabetic-kidney-disease.md, diet-and-nutrition.md, epidemiology-and-burden.md, glp1-and-emerging-therapy.md, guidelines.md, inherited-and-glomerular-disease.md, kidney-replacement-therapy-decisions.md, mineral-and-bone-disorder.md, mineralocorticoid-receptor-antagonists.md, overview.md, pathophysiology-and-progression.md, potassium-acidosis-and-metabolic.md, race-and-the-egfr-equation.md, ras-blockade-and-blood-pressure.md, red-flags-and-safety-concerns.md, risk-prediction-and-prognosis.md, sglt2-inhibitors.md, symptom-burden-and-patient-experience.md
  • Lamb EJ, et al. Accuracy of glomerular filtration rate estimation using creatinine and cystatin C for identifying and monitoring moderate chronic kidney disease: the eGFR-C study. Health Technol Assess. 2024;28(35):1-169. PMID 39056437 — tags: [definition, epidemiology, prognosis] — cited by: definition-staging-and-measurement.md
  • Levin et al. Executive summary of the KDIGO 2024 Clinical Practice Guideline for the Evaluation and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease: known knowns and known unknowns. Kidney Int. 2024;105(4):684-701. PMID 38519239 — tags: [definition, epidemiology, prognosis] — cited by: anaemia-of-ckd.md, cardiovascular-risk-in-ckd.md, causes-and-aetiology.md, clinical-trials-landscape.md, conservative-and-supportive-care.md, definition-staging-and-measurement.md, diabetic-kidney-disease.md, diet-and-nutrition.md, epidemiology-and-burden.md, glp1-and-emerging-therapy.md, guidelines.md, inherited-and-glomerular-disease.md, kidney-replacement-therapy-decisions.md, mineral-and-bone-disorder.md, mineralocorticoid-receptor-antagonists.md, overview.md, pathophysiology-and-progression.md, potassium-acidosis-and-metabolic.md, race-and-the-egfr-equation.md, ras-blockade-and-blood-pressure.md, red-flags-and-safety-concerns.md, risk-prediction-and-prognosis.md, sglt2-inhibitors.md, symptom-burden-and-patient-experience.md
  • Okpechi IG, et al. A global assessment of kidney care workforce. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2024;39(Supplement_2):ii43-ii48. PMID 39235198 — tags: [definition, epidemiology, prognosis] — cited by: epidemiology-and-burden.md, overview.md
  • Oliver JD, et al. Impact of Race-Free Glomerular Filtration Rate Estimations on CKD Prevalence in the US Military Health System: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Kidney Med. 2024;6(8):100861. PMID 39100866 — tags: [definition, epidemiology, prognosis] — cited by: overview.md, race-and-the-egfr-equation.md
  • Pan L, et al. External Validation of the Kidney Failure Risk Equation Among Urban Community-Based Chinese Patients With CKD. Kidney Med. 2024;6(5):100817. PMID 38689834 — tags: [definition, epidemiology, prognosis] — cited by: risk-prediction-and-prognosis.md
  • Tangri N, et al. Machine learning for prediction of chronic kidney disease progression: Validation of the Klinrisk model in the CANVAS Program and CREDENCE trial. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2024;26(8):3371-3380. PMID 38807510 — tags: [definition, epidemiology, prognosis] — cited by: risk-prediction-and-prognosis.md
  • Yeo et al. Cost-effectiveness of screening for CKD in the general adult population: systematic review. Clin Kidney J. 2024;17(1):sfad137. PMID 38186904 — tags: [definition, epidemiology, prognosis] — cited by: causes-and-aetiology.md, definition-staging-and-measurement.md, epidemiology-and-burden.md, guidelines.md, overview.md, pathophysiology-and-progression.md, race-and-the-egfr-equation.md, risk-prediction-and-prognosis.md
  • Zhang Z, et al. Ambient heat exposure and kidney function in patients with chronic kidney disease: a post-hoc analysis of the DAPA-CKD trial. Lancet Planet Health. 2024;8(4):e225-e233. PMID 38580424 — tags: [definition, epidemiology, prognosis] — cited by: epidemiology-and-burden.md
  • van Mil et al. Cost-effectiveness of screening for chronic kidney disease: evidence and gaps. Clin Kidney J. 2024;17(1):sfad254. PMID 38213490 — tags: [definition, epidemiology, prognosis] — cited by: causes-and-aetiology.md, definition-staging-and-measurement.md, epidemiology-and-burden.md, guidelines.md, overview.md, pathophysiology-and-progression.md, race-and-the-egfr-equation.md, risk-prediction-and-prognosis.md
  • van Mil et al. Screening for chronic kidney disease: change of perspective and novel developments. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens. 2024;33(6):583-592. PMID 39137037 — tags: [definition, epidemiology, prognosis] — cited by: causes-and-aetiology.md, definition-staging-and-measurement.md, epidemiology-and-burden.md, guidelines.md, overview.md, pathophysiology-and-progression.md, race-and-the-egfr-equation.md, risk-prediction-and-prognosis.md
  • McCoy IE, et al. Complex Etiologies of the Discordance Between Cystatin C- and Creatinine-Based Estimated GFR and Its Adverse Associations: Findings From the CRIC Study. Am J Kidney Dis. 2025;86(2):192-201. PMID 40373998 — tags: [definition, epidemiology, prognosis] — cited by: definition-staging-and-measurement.md
  • Cusick et al. Balancing Efficiency and Equity in Population-Wide CKD Screening. JAMA Netw Open. 2025;8(4):e254740. PMID 40227684 — tags: [definition, epidemiology, prognosis] — cited by: causes-and-aetiology.md, definition-staging-and-measurement.md, epidemiology-and-burden.md, guidelines.md, overview.md, pathophysiology-and-progression.md, race-and-the-egfr-equation.md, risk-prediction-and-prognosis.md
  • Estrella MM, et al. Discordance in Creatinine- and Cystatin C-Based eGFR and Clinical Outcomes: A Meta-Analysis. JAMA. 2025;334(21):1915-1926. PMID 41202182 — tags: [definition, epidemiology, prognosis] — cited by: definition-staging-and-measurement.md
  • GBD 2023 Chronic Kidney Disease Collaborators. Global, regional, and national burden of chronic kidney disease in adults, 1990-2023, and its attributable risk factors: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023. Lancet. 2025;406(10518):2461-2482. PMID 41213283 — tags: [definition, epidemiology, prognosis] — cited by: epidemiology-and-burden.md, overview.md
  • GBD 2023 Kidney Failure with Replacement Therapy Collaborators et al. Global, regional, and national prevalence of kidney failure with replacement therapy and associated aetiologies, 1990-2023: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023. Lancet Glob Health. 2025;13(8):e1378-e1395. PMID 40712611 — tags: [definition, epidemiology, prognosis] — cited by: epidemiology-and-burden.md, kidney-replacement-therapy-decisions.md
  • Portilla D, et al. Role of local complement activation in kidney fibrosis and repair. J Clin Invest. 2025;135(12):e188345. PMID 40519169 — tags: [definition, epidemiology, prognosis] — cited by: pathophysiology-and-progression.md
  • Schold JD, et al. Variation of eGFR Wait Time Modifications for Black Kidney Transplant Candidates in the United States. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2025;36(10):2019-2029. PMID 40327843 — tags: [definition, epidemiology, prognosis] — cited by: race-and-the-egfr-equation.md
  • Wish J, et al. "Inside CKD" Multinational-Microsimulation Modelling Insights Into the Increasing CKD Burden. Kidney Int Rep. 2025;10(10):3356-3368. PMID 41141496 — tags: [definition, epidemiology, prognosis] — cited by: epidemiology-and-burden.md
  • Gong et al. Chronic Kidney Disease Prevalence and Awareness Among US Adults. JAMA Cardiol. 2026;11(1):77-81. PMID 41205219 — tags: [definition, epidemiology, prognosis] — cited by: causes-and-aetiology.md, definition-staging-and-measurement.md, epidemiology-and-burden.md, guidelines.md, overview.md, pathophysiology-and-progression.md, race-and-the-egfr-equation.md, risk-prediction-and-prognosis.md
  • Hsu CY, et al. Apolipoprotein L1 Gene Genotype and Kidney Outcomes After Living Kidney Donation. JAMA Intern Med. 2026;186(8):943-950. PMID 42329639 — tags: [definition, epidemiology, prognosis] — cited by: race-and-the-egfr-equation.md

RAS, SGLT2, MRA and GLP-1 therapy

  • Mann et al. Effect of semaglutide on kidney outcomes in the SELECT, FLOW, and SOUL trials: a prespecified pooled analysis. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2026 Aug 7. PMID 42567173 — tags: [ras, sglt2, mra, glp-1-therapy] — cited by: clinical-trials-landscape.md, glp1-and-emerging-therapy.md
  • GISEN Group. Randomised placebo-controlled trial of effect of ramipril on decline in glomerular filtration rate and risk of terminal renal failure in proteinuric, non-diabetic nephropathy. Lancet. 1997;349(9069):1857-1863. PMID 9217756 — tags: [ras, sglt2, mra, glp-1-therapy] — cited by: ras-blockade-and-blood-pressure.md
  • Ruggenenti P, et al. Renal function and requirement for dialysis in chronic nephropathy patients on long-term ramipril: REIN follow-up trial. Lancet. 1998;352(9136):1252-1256. PMID 9788454 — tags: [ras, sglt2, mra, glp-1-therapy] — cited by: ras-blockade-and-blood-pressure.md
  • Brenner et al. Effects of losartan on renal and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and nephropathy. N Engl J Med. 2001;345(12):861-869. PMID 11565518 — tags: [ras, sglt2, mra, glp-1-therapy] — cited by: clinical-trials-landscape.md, diabetic-kidney-disease.md, glp1-and-emerging-therapy.md, mineralocorticoid-receptor-antagonists.md, ras-blockade-and-blood-pressure.md, sglt2-inhibitors.md
  • Lewis et al. Renoprotective effect of the angiotensin-receptor antagonist irbesartan in patients with nephropathy due to type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2001;345(12):851-860. PMID 11565517 — tags: [ras, sglt2, mra, glp-1-therapy] — cited by: clinical-trials-landscape.md, diabetic-kidney-disease.md, glp1-and-emerging-therapy.md, mineralocorticoid-receptor-antagonists.md, ras-blockade-and-blood-pressure.md, sglt2-inhibitors.md
  • Parving et al. The effect of irbesartan on the development of diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2001;345(12):870-878. PMID 11565519 — tags: [ras, sglt2, mra, glp-1-therapy] — cited by: clinical-trials-landscape.md, diabetic-kidney-disease.md, glp1-and-emerging-therapy.md, mineralocorticoid-receptor-antagonists.md, ras-blockade-and-blood-pressure.md, sglt2-inhibitors.md
  • Hou FF, et al. Efficacy and safety of benazepril for advanced chronic renal insufficiency. N Engl J Med. 2006;354(2):131-140. PMID 16407508 — tags: [ras, sglt2, mra, glp-1-therapy] — cited by: ras-blockade-and-blood-pressure.md
  • Mann et al. Renal outcomes with telmisartan, ramipril, or both, in people at high vascular risk: the ONTARGET study. Lancet. 2008;372(9638):547-553. PMID 18707986 — tags: [ras, sglt2, mra, glp-1-therapy] — cited by: clinical-trials-landscape.md, diabetic-kidney-disease.md, glp1-and-emerging-therapy.md, mineralocorticoid-receptor-antagonists.md, ras-blockade-and-blood-pressure.md, red-flags-and-safety-concerns.md, sglt2-inhibitors.md
  • Fried et al. Combined angiotensin inhibition for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy. N Engl J Med. 2013;369(20):1892-1903. PMID 24206457 — tags: [ras, sglt2, mra, glp-1-therapy] — cited by: clinical-trials-landscape.md, diabetic-kidney-disease.md, glp1-and-emerging-therapy.md, mineralocorticoid-receptor-antagonists.md, ras-blockade-and-blood-pressure.md, red-flags-and-safety-concerns.md, sglt2-inhibitors.md
  • DCCT/EDIC Research Group. Effect of intensive diabetes treatment on albuminuria in type 1 diabetes: long-term follow-up of the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial and Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications study. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2014;2(10):793-800. PMID 25043685 — tags: [ras, sglt2, mra, glp-1-therapy] — cited by: diabetic-kidney-disease.md
  • Chang AR, et al. Bariatric surgery is associated with improvement in kidney outcomes. Kidney Int. 2016;90(1):164-171. PMID 27181999 — tags: [ras, sglt2, mra, glp-1-therapy] — cited by: diabetic-kidney-disease.md
  • Cheung AK, et al. Effects of Intensive BP Control in CKD. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2017;28(9):2812-2823. PMID 28642330 — tags: [ras, sglt2, mra, glp-1-therapy] — cited by: ras-blockade-and-blood-pressure.md
  • Zoungas S, et al. Effects of intensive glucose control on microvascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of individual participant data from randomised controlled trials. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2017;5(6):431-437. PMID 28365411 — tags: [ras, sglt2, mra, glp-1-therapy] — cited by: diabetic-kidney-disease.md
  • Penno G, et al. Non-albuminuric renal impairment is a strong predictor of mortality in individuals with type 2 diabetes: the Renal Insufficiency And Cardiovascular Events (RIACE) Italian multicentre study. Diabetologia. 2018;61(11):2277-2289. PMID 30032426 — tags: [ras, sglt2, mra, glp-1-therapy] — cited by: diabetic-kidney-disease.md
  • Agarwal et al. Patiromer to enable spironolactone in resistant hypertension and CKD: AMBER. Lancet. 2019;394(10208):1540-1550. PMID 31533906 — tags: [ras, sglt2, mra, glp-1-therapy] — cited by: clinical-trials-landscape.md, diabetic-kidney-disease.md, diet-and-nutrition.md, glp1-and-emerging-therapy.md, mineralocorticoid-receptor-antagonists.md, potassium-acidosis-and-metabolic.md, ras-blockade-and-blood-pressure.md, red-flags-and-safety-concerns.md, sglt2-inhibitors.md
  • Aggarwal R, et al. Mortality Outcomes With Intensive Blood Pressure Targets in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients. Hypertension. 2019;73(6):1275-1282. PMID 31067189 — tags: [ras, sglt2, mra, glp-1-therapy] — cited by: ras-blockade-and-blood-pressure.md
  • Perkovic et al. Canagliflozin and Renal Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes and Nephropathy. N Engl J Med. 2019;380(24):2295-2306. PMID 30990260 — tags: [ras, sglt2, mra, glp-1-therapy] — cited by: causes-and-aetiology.md, clinical-trials-landscape.md, definition-staging-and-measurement.md, diabetic-kidney-disease.md, epidemiology-and-burden.md, glp1-and-emerging-therapy.md, guidelines.md, inherited-and-glomerular-disease.md, mineralocorticoid-receptor-antagonists.md, overview.md, pathophysiology-and-progression.md, race-and-the-egfr-equation.md, ras-blockade-and-blood-pressure.md, risk-prediction-and-prognosis.md, sglt2-inhibitors.md
  • Toyama et al. SGLT2 inhibitors and cardiovascular, renal and safety outcomes in T2D and CKD: meta-analysis. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2019;21(5):1237-1250. PMID 30697905 — tags: [ras, sglt2, mra, glp-1-therapy] — cited by: clinical-trials-landscape.md, diabetic-kidney-disease.md, glp1-and-emerging-therapy.md, mineralocorticoid-receptor-antagonists.md, ras-blockade-and-blood-pressure.md, sglt2-inhibitors.md
  • Bakris et al. Effect of Finerenone on Chronic Kidney Disease Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2020;383(23):2219-2229. PMID 33264825 — tags: [ras, sglt2, mra, glp-1-therapy] — cited by: clinical-trials-landscape.md, diabetic-kidney-disease.md, glp1-and-emerging-therapy.md, inherited-and-glomerular-disease.md, mineralocorticoid-receptor-antagonists.md, overview.md, ras-blockade-and-blood-pressure.md, sglt2-inhibitors.md
  • Heerspink et al. Dapagliflozin in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease. N Engl J Med. 2020;383(15):1436-1446. PMID 32970396 — tags: [ras, sglt2, mra, glp-1-therapy] — cited by: causes-and-aetiology.md, clinical-trials-landscape.md, definition-staging-and-measurement.md, diabetic-kidney-disease.md, epidemiology-and-burden.md, glp1-and-emerging-therapy.md, guidelines.md, inherited-and-glomerular-disease.md, mineralocorticoid-receptor-antagonists.md, overview.md, pathophysiology-and-progression.md, race-and-the-egfr-equation.md, ras-blockade-and-blood-pressure.md, risk-prediction-and-prognosis.md, sglt2-inhibitors.md
  • Zelnick LR, et al. Continuous Glucose Monitoring and Use of Alternative Markers To Assess Glycemia in Chronic Kidney Disease. Diabetes Care. 2020;43(10):2379-2387. PMID 32788282 — tags: [ras, sglt2, mra, glp-1-therapy] — cited by: diabetic-kidney-disease.md
  • Zhao M, et al. Network Meta-Analysis of Novel Glucose-Lowering Drugs on Risk of Acute Kidney Injury. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2020;16(1):70-78. PMID 33376101 — tags: [ras, sglt2, mra, glp-1-therapy] — cited by: sglt2-inhibitors.md
  • Agarwal R, et al. Chlorthalidone for Hypertension in Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease. N Engl J Med. 2021;385(27):2507-2519. PMID 34739197 — tags: [ras, sglt2, mra, glp-1-therapy] — cited by: ras-blockade-and-blood-pressure.md
  • Cheung et al. Executive summary of KDIGO 2021 Blood Pressure in CKD guideline. Kidney Int. 2021;99(3):559-569. PMID 33637203 — tags: [ras, sglt2, mra, glp-1-therapy] — cited by: clinical-trials-landscape.md, diabetic-kidney-disease.md, glp1-and-emerging-therapy.md, guidelines.md, mineralocorticoid-receptor-antagonists.md, ras-blockade-and-blood-pressure.md, sglt2-inhibitors.md
  • Heerspink et al. Effect of dapagliflozin on the rate of decline in kidney function in patients with chronic kidney disease with and without type 2 diabetes: a prespecified analysis from the DAPA-CKD trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2021;9(11):743-754. PMID 34619108 — tags: [ras, sglt2, mra, glp-1-therapy] — cited by: clinical-trials-landscape.md, diabetic-kidney-disease.md, glp1-and-emerging-therapy.md, mineralocorticoid-receptor-antagonists.md, pathophysiology-and-progression.md, ras-blockade-and-blood-pressure.md, red-flags-and-safety-concerns.md, sglt2-inhibitors.md
  • Pitt B, et al. Cardiovascular Events with Finerenone in Kidney Disease and Type 2 Diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2021;385(24):2252-2263. PMID 34449181 — tags: [ras, sglt2, mra, glp-1-therapy] — cited by: mineralocorticoid-receptor-antagonists.md
  • Agarwal R, et al. Hyperkalemia Risk with Finerenone: Results from the FIDELIO-DKD Trial. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2022;33(1):225-237. PMID 34732509 — tags: [ras, sglt2, mra, glp-1-therapy] — cited by: mineralocorticoid-receptor-antagonists.md
  • Agarwal et al. Cardiovascular and kidney outcomes with finerenone in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease: the FIDELITY pooled analysis. Eur Heart J. 2022;43(6):474-484. PMID 35023547 — tags: [ras, sglt2, mra, glp-1-therapy] — cited by: cardiovascular-risk-in-ckd.md, clinical-trials-landscape.md, diabetic-kidney-disease.md, glp1-and-emerging-therapy.md, mineralocorticoid-receptor-antagonists.md, ras-blockade-and-blood-pressure.md, sglt2-inhibitors.md
  • Bhandari S, et al. Renin-Angiotensin System Inhibition in Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease. N Engl J Med. 2022;387(22):2021-2032. PMID 36326117 — tags: [ras, sglt2, mra, glp-1-therapy] — cited by: ras-blockade-and-blood-pressure.md
  • McEwan P, et al. Cost-Effectiveness of Dapagliflozin as a Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease: A Health-Economic Analysis of DAPA-CKD. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2022;17(12):1730-1741. PMID 36323444 — tags: [ras, sglt2, mra, glp-1-therapy] — cited by: sglt2-inhibitors.md
  • Nuffield Department of Population Health Renal Studies Group. Impact of diabetes on the effects of sodium glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors on kidney outcomes: collaborative meta-analysis of large placebo-controlled trials. Lancet. 2022;400(10365):1788-1801. PMID 36351458 — tags: [ras, sglt2, mra, glp-1-therapy] — cited by: overview.md, sglt2-inhibitors.md
  • Rossing et al. Executive summary of KDIGO 2022 Diabetes Management in CKD guideline. Kidney Int. 2022;102(5):990-999. PMID 36272755 — tags: [ras, sglt2, mra, glp-1-therapy] — cited by: clinical-trials-landscape.md, diabetic-kidney-disease.md, glp1-and-emerging-therapy.md, guidelines.md, inherited-and-glomerular-disease.md, mineralocorticoid-receptor-antagonists.md, ras-blockade-and-blood-pressure.md, sglt2-inhibitors.md
  • Vart P, et al. Estimated Lifetime Benefit of Combined RAAS and SGLT2 Inhibitor Therapy in Patients with Albuminuric CKD without Diabetes. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2022;17(12):1754-1762. PMID 36414316 — tags: [ras, sglt2, mra, glp-1-therapy] — cited by: ras-blockade-and-blood-pressure.md
  • Agarwal R, et al. Impact of Finerenone-Induced Albuminuria Reduction on Chronic Kidney Disease Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes: A Mediation Analysis. Ann Intern Med. 2023;176(12):1606-1616. PMID 38048573 — tags: [ras, sglt2, mra, glp-1-therapy] — cited by: mineralocorticoid-receptor-antagonists.md
  • Cao H, et al. Effects of sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors on kidney, cardiovascular, and safety outcomes in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Acta Diabetol. 2023;60(3):325-335. PMID 36316605 — tags: [ras, sglt2, mra, glp-1-therapy] — cited by: clinical-trials-landscape.md, diabetic-kidney-disease.md, glp1-and-emerging-therapy.md, mineralocorticoid-receptor-antagonists.md, ras-blockade-and-blood-pressure.md, sglt2-inhibitors.md
  • EMPA-KIDNEY Collaborative Group et al. Empagliflozin in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease. N Engl J Med. 2023;388(2):117-127. PMID 36331190 — tags: [ras, sglt2, mra, glp-1-therapy] — cited by: cardiovascular-risk-in-ckd.md, causes-and-aetiology.md, clinical-trials-landscape.md, definition-staging-and-measurement.md, diabetic-kidney-disease.md, epidemiology-and-burden.md, glp1-and-emerging-therapy.md, guidelines.md, inherited-and-glomerular-disease.md, mineralocorticoid-receptor-antagonists.md, overview.md, pathophysiology-and-progression.md, race-and-the-egfr-equation.md, ras-blockade-and-blood-pressure.md, risk-prediction-and-prognosis.md, sglt2-inhibitors.md
  • Heerspink HJL, et al. Zibotentan in combination with dapagliflozin compared with dapagliflozin in patients with chronic kidney disease (ZENITH-CKD): a multicentre, randomised, active-controlled, phase 2b clinical trial. Lancet. 2023;402(10416):2004-2017. PMID 37931629 — tags: [ras, sglt2, mra, glp-1-therapy] — cited by: glp1-and-emerging-therapy.md
  • Sarafidis et al. Finerenone outcomes in stage 4 CKD and type 2 diabetes. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2023;18(5):602-612. PMID 36927680 — tags: [ras, sglt2, mra, glp-1-therapy] — cited by: clinical-trials-landscape.md, diabetic-kidney-disease.md, glp1-and-emerging-therapy.md, mineralocorticoid-receptor-antagonists.md, ras-blockade-and-blood-pressure.md, sglt2-inhibitors.md
  • Smeijer JD, et al. Effects of Zibotentan Alone and in Combination with Dapagliflozin on Fluid Retention in Patients with CKD. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2024;35(10):1381-1390. PMID 39352861 — tags: [ras, sglt2, mra, glp-1-therapy] — cited by: glp1-and-emerging-therapy.md
  • Colhoun HM, et al. Long-term kidney outcomes of semaglutide in obesity and cardiovascular disease in the SELECT trial. Nat Med. 2024;30(7):2058-2066. PMID 38796653 — tags: [ras, sglt2, mra, glp-1-therapy] — cited by: glp1-and-emerging-therapy.md
  • EMPA-KIDNEY Collaborative Group et al. Effects of empagliflozin on progression of chronic kidney disease: a prespecified secondary analysis from the EMPA-KIDNEY trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2024;12(1):39-50. PMID 38061371 — tags: [ras, sglt2, mra, glp-1-therapy] — cited by: clinical-trials-landscape.md, diabetic-kidney-disease.md, glp1-and-emerging-therapy.md, mineralocorticoid-receptor-antagonists.md, pathophysiology-and-progression.md, ras-blockade-and-blood-pressure.md, red-flags-and-safety-concerns.md, risk-prediction-and-prognosis.md, sglt2-inhibitors.md
  • Hobbs FDR, et al. Low-dose spironolactone and cardiovascular outcomes in moderate stage chronic kidney disease: a randomized controlled trial. Nat Med. 2024;30(12):3634-3645. PMID 39349629 — tags: [ras, sglt2, mra, glp-1-therapy] — cited by: mineralocorticoid-receptor-antagonists.md, overview.md
  • Mann et al. Effects of semaglutide with and without concomitant SGLT2 inhibitor use in participants with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease in the FLOW trial. Nat Med. 2024;30(10):2849-2856. PMID 38914124 — tags: [ras, sglt2, mra, glp-1-therapy] — cited by: clinical-trials-landscape.md, diabetic-kidney-disease.md, glp1-and-emerging-therapy.md, mineralocorticoid-receptor-antagonists.md, ras-blockade-and-blood-pressure.md, sglt2-inhibitors.md
  • Neuen BL, et al. Cardiovascular, Kidney, and Safety Outcomes With GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Alone and in Combination With SGLT2 Inhibitors in Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Circulation. 2024;150(22):1781-1790. PMID 39210781 — tags: [ras, sglt2, mra, glp-1-therapy] — cited by: glp1-and-emerging-therapy.md
  • Neuen et al. Estimated Lifetime Cardiovascular, Kidney, and Mortality Benefits of Combination Treatment With SGLT2 Inhibitors, GLP-1 Receptor Agonists, and Nonsteroidal MRA Compared With Conventional Care in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Albuminuria. Circulation. 2024;149(6):450-462. PMID 37952217 — tags: [ras, sglt2, mra, glp-1-therapy] — cited by: clinical-trials-landscape.md, diabetic-kidney-disease.md, glp1-and-emerging-therapy.md, mineralocorticoid-receptor-antagonists.md, overview.md, ras-blockade-and-blood-pressure.md, sglt2-inhibitors.md
  • Perkovic et al. Effects of Semaglutide on Chronic Kidney Disease in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2024;391(2):109-121. PMID 38785209 — tags: [ras, sglt2, mra, glp-1-therapy] — cited by: clinical-trials-landscape.md, diabetic-kidney-disease.md, glp1-and-emerging-therapy.md, guidelines.md, mineralocorticoid-receptor-antagonists.md, overview.md, ras-blockade-and-blood-pressure.md, sglt2-inhibitors.md
  • Sridhar VS, et al. Sotagliflozin and Kidney Outcomes, Kidney Function, and Albuminuria in Type 2 Diabetes and CKD: A Secondary Analysis of the SCORED Trial. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2024;19(5):557-564. PMID 38277468 — tags: [ras, sglt2, mra, glp-1-therapy] — cited by: sglt2-inhibitors.md
  • Wanner C, et al. Safety of Empagliflozin: An Individual Participant-Level Data Meta-Analysis from Four Large Trials. Adv Ther. 2024;41(7):2826-2844. PMID 38771475 — tags: [ras, sglt2, mra, glp-1-therapy] — cited by: sglt2-inhibitors.md
  • Agarwal et al. Finerenone with Empagliflozin in Chronic Kidney Disease and Type 2 Diabetes (CONFIDENCE). N Engl J Med. 2025;393(6):533-543. PMID 40470996 — tags: [ras, sglt2, mra, glp-1-therapy] — cited by: clinical-trials-landscape.md, diabetic-kidney-disease.md, glp1-and-emerging-therapy.md, guidelines.md, mineralocorticoid-receptor-antagonists.md, overview.md, ras-blockade-and-blood-pressure.md
  • Huang et al. Novel potassium binders, hyperkalemia and RAAS inhibitor optimization: meta-analysis. Drugs. 2025;85(8):1013-1031. PMID 40542996 — tags: [ras, sglt2, mra, glp-1-therapy] — cited by: clinical-trials-landscape.md, diabetic-kidney-disease.md, diet-and-nutrition.md, glp1-and-emerging-therapy.md, mineralocorticoid-receptor-antagonists.md, potassium-acidosis-and-metabolic.md, ras-blockade-and-blood-pressure.md, red-flags-and-safety-concerns.md, sglt2-inhibitors.md
  • Mayne KJ, et al. Empagliflozin lowers serum uric acid in chronic kidney disease: exploratory analyses from the EMPA-KIDNEY trial. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2025;40(4):720-730. PMID 39277784 — tags: [ras, sglt2, mra, glp-1-therapy] — cited by: sglt2-inhibitors.md
  • Mc Causland FR, et al. Finerenone and Kidney Outcomes in Patients With Heart Failure: The FINEARTS-HF Trial. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2025;85(2):159-168. PMID 39490700 — tags: [ras, sglt2, mra, glp-1-therapy] — cited by: mineralocorticoid-receptor-antagonists.md
  • Natale P, et al. Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists for people with chronic kidney disease and diabetes. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2025;2(2):CD015849. PMID 39963952 — tags: [ras, sglt2, mra, glp-1-therapy] — cited by: glp1-and-emerging-therapy.md
  • Shin H, et al. Comparative Effectiveness of Individual Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors. JAMA Intern Med. 2025;185(3):302-313. PMID 39836397 — tags: [ras, sglt2, mra, glp-1-therapy] — cited by: sglt2-inhibitors.md
  • Walsh M, et al. Spironolactone versus placebo in patients undergoing maintenance dialysis (ACHIEVE): an international, parallel-group, randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2025;406(10504):695-704. PMID 40818850 — tags: [ras, sglt2, mra, glp-1-therapy] — cited by: mineralocorticoid-receptor-antagonists.md, overview.md
  • Xu X, et al. Effects of Intensive Systolic Blood Pressure Control on Kidney Outcomes in Patients With and Without CKD: A Post Hoc Analysis of SPRINT and ACCORD-BP Trials. J Diabetes. 2025;17(10):e70162. PMID 41117098 — tags: [ras, sglt2, mra, glp-1-therapy] — cited by: ras-blockade-and-blood-pressure.md
  • Agarwal et al. Risk of Hyperkalemia With Empagliflozin, Finerenone, or Both: Secondary Analysis of the CONFIDENCE Randomized Trial. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2026;87(7):772-784. PMID 41493296 — tags: [ras, sglt2, mra, glp-1-therapy] — cited by: diabetic-kidney-disease.md, mineralocorticoid-receptor-antagonists.md, potassium-acidosis-and-metabolic.md
  • Caza TN, et al. Clinical and histologic predictors of non-diabetic kidney disease in patients with diabetes mellitus. Kidney Int. 2026;110(2):426-437. PMID 42034202 — tags: [ras, sglt2, mra, glp-1-therapy] — cited by: diabetic-kidney-disease.md
  • Heerspink et al. Finerenone in Persons with Chronic Kidney Disease without Diabetes (FIND-CKD). N Engl J Med. 2026;395(6):533-545. PMID 42246672 — tags: [ras, sglt2, mra, glp-1-therapy] — cited by: clinical-trials-landscape.md, diabetic-kidney-disease.md, guidelines.md, mineralocorticoid-receptor-antagonists.md
  • Heerspink et al. Finerenone in Type 1 Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease (FINE-ONE). N Engl J Med. 2026;394(10):947-957. PMID 41780000 — tags: [ras, sglt2, mra, glp-1-therapy] — cited by: clinical-trials-landscape.md, diabetic-kidney-disease.md, guidelines.md, mineralocorticoid-receptor-antagonists.md
  • Neuen et al. Efficacy and safety of finerenone in patients with chronic kidney disease: an individual participant data pooled analysis (INFINITY). Lancet. 2026;407(10546):2375-2386. PMID 42248158 — tags: [ras, sglt2, mra, glp-1-therapy] — cited by: guidelines.md, mineralocorticoid-receptor-antagonists.md
  • Ridker PM, et al. Rationale, Design, and Baseline Clinical Characteristics of the Ziltivekimab Cardiovascular Outcomes Trial: Interleukin-6 Inhibition and Atherosclerotic Event Rate Reduction. JAMA Cardiol. 2026;11(1):89-97. PMID 41369941 — tags: [ras, sglt2, mra, glp-1-therapy] — cited by: mineralocorticoid-receptor-antagonists.md
  • Sridhar VS, et al. Efficacy, Mechanisms, and Safety of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors in Kidney Transplant Recipients: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2026;21(4):664-679. PMID 41385300 — tags: [ras, sglt2, mra, glp-1-therapy] — cited by: clinical-trials-landscape.md, sglt2-inhibitors.md
  • David-Neto E, et al. The Effect of Adding Dapagliflozin on Chronic Renal Allograft Dysfunction: A Randomized, Prospective, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Trial. Transplantation. 2026;110(7):e1527-e1538. PMID 42102257 — tags: [sglt2, transplant] — cited by: clinical-trials-landscape.md, sglt2-inhibitors.md
  • Kongerud IC, et al. Can sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibition preserve renal structure and function in de novo kidney transplant recipients? Protocol for a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial assessing the efficacy of dapagliflozin on kidney structure, function and safety in kidney transplant recipients in Norway-the DEAK study. BMJ Open. 2026;16(6):e117263. PMID 42315275 — tags: [sglt2, transplant, trial-protocol] — cited by: clinical-trials-landscape.md, sglt2-inhibitors.md
  • Staplin N, et al. Effects of Sodium Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors by Diabetes Status and Level of Albuminuria: A Meta-Analysis. JAMA. 2026;335(3):220-232. PMID 41202026 — tags: [ras, sglt2, mra, glp-1-therapy] — cited by: overview.md, sglt2-inhibitors.md
  • Zeng G, et al. Pharmacological blood-pressure lowering for the prevention of cardiovascular disease and death across the full spectrum of chronic kidney disease severity: an individual-participant data meta-analysis. Lancet. 2026;407(10539):1626-1638. PMID 42035778 — tags: [ras, sglt2, mra, glp-1-therapy] — cited by: ras-blockade-and-blood-pressure.md
  • Zoungas S, et al. A comparison of the effects of tirzepatide and dulaglutide on major kidney events in people with type 2 diabetes: pre-specified exploratory analyses of the SURPASS-CVOT trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2026;14(7):544-557. PMID 42114520 — tags: [ras, sglt2, mra, glp-1-therapy] — cited by: glp1-and-emerging-therapy.md

Anaemia

  • Drüeke et al. Normalization of hemoglobin level in patients with chronic kidney disease and anemia. N Engl J Med. 2006;355(20):2071-2084. PMID 17108342 — tags: [anaemia] — cited by: anaemia-of-ckd.md, red-flags-and-safety-concerns.md
  • Singh et al. Correction of anemia with epoetin alfa in chronic kidney disease. N Engl J Med. 2006;355(20):2085-2098. PMID 17108343 — tags: [anaemia] — cited by: anaemia-of-ckd.md, red-flags-and-safety-concerns.md
  • Foley et al. Target hemoglobin trials in chronic kidney disease: design and interpretation issues. Pediatr Nephrol. 2009;24(12):2279-2285. PMID 19221807 — tags: [anaemia] — cited by: anaemia-of-ckd.md
  • Pfeffer et al. A trial of darbepoetin alfa in type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease. N Engl J Med. 2009;361(21):2019-2032. PMID 19880844 — tags: [anaemia] — cited by: anaemia-of-ckd.md, overview.md, red-flags-and-safety-concerns.md
  • Fishbane et al. Anemia treatment in chronic kidney disease accompanied by diabetes mellitus or congestive heart failure. Kidney Int. 2010;77(3):175-177. PMID 20075952 — tags: [anaemia] — cited by: anaemia-of-ckd.md
  • Inrig et al. Effect of hemoglobin target on progression of kidney disease: a secondary analysis of CHOIR. Am J Kidney Dis. 2012;60(3):390-401. PMID 22537421 — tags: [anaemia] — cited by: anaemia-of-ckd.md
  • McCullough et al. Cardiovascular toxicity of epoetin-alfa in patients with chronic kidney disease. Am J Nephrol. 2013;37(6):549-558. PMID 23735819 — tags: [anaemia] — cited by: anaemia-of-ckd.md
  • Macdougall IC, et al. FIND-CKD: a randomized trial of intravenous ferric carboxymaltose versus oral iron in patients with chronic kidney disease and iron deficiency anaemia. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2014;29(11):2075-2084. PMID 24891437 — tags: [anaemia] — cited by: anaemia-of-ckd.md
  • Palmer et al. Darbepoetin for the anaemia of chronic kidney disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014;2014(3):CD009297. PMID 24683046 — tags: [anaemia] — cited by: anaemia-of-ckd.md
  • Yarnoff et al. The Cost-Effectiveness of Anemia Treatment for Persons with Chronic Kidney Disease. PLoS One. 2016;11(7):e0157323. PMID 27404556 — tags: [anaemia] — cited by: anaemia-of-ckd.md
  • Macdougall IC, et al. Intravenous Iron in Patients Undergoing Maintenance Hemodialysis. N Engl J Med. 2019;380(5):447-458. PMID 30365356 — tags: [anaemia] — cited by: anaemia-of-ckd.md
  • Macdougall IC, et al. Intravenous Iron Dosing and Infection Risk in Patients on Hemodialysis: A Prespecified Secondary Analysis of the PIVOTAL Trial. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2020;31(5):1118-1127. PMID 32253271 — tags: [anaemia] — cited by: anaemia-of-ckd.md
  • Singh et al. Daprodustat for the Treatment of Anemia in Patients Undergoing Dialysis. N Engl J Med. 2021;385(25):2325-2335. PMID 34739194 — tags: [anaemia] — cited by: anaemia-of-ckd.md
  • Chung et al. Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents for anaemia in adults with chronic kidney disease: a network meta-analysis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2023;2(2):CD010590. PMID 36791280 — tags: [anaemia] — cited by: anaemia-of-ckd.md
  • Singh et al. Analysis of on-treatment cancer safety events with daprodustat versus conventional erythropoiesis-stimulating agents. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2023;38(8):1890-1897. PMID 36565721 — tags: [anaemia] — cited by: anaemia-of-ckd.md
  • Cunningham et al. Daprodustat and Heart Failure in CKD. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2024;35(5):607-617. PMID 38383961 — tags: [anaemia] — cited by: anaemia-of-ckd.md
  • Ha JT, et al. Hypoxia-Inducible Factor Prolyl Hydroxylase Inhibitors in Kidney Disease. NEJM Evid. 2024;3(9):EVIDoa2300189. PMID 39186635 — tags: [anaemia] — cited by: anaemia-of-ckd.md, glp1-and-emerging-therapy.md
  • Dasgupta et al. Efficacy and safety of daprodustat in patients on peritoneal dialysis in ASCEND-D. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2025;40(7):1332-1341. PMID 39817409 — tags: [anaemia] — cited by: anaemia-of-ckd.md
  • Babitt et al. Executive Summary of the KDIGO 2026 Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Anemia in Chronic Kidney Disease. Kidney Int. 2026;109(1):44-56. PMID 41485807 — tags: [anaemia] — cited by: anaemia-of-ckd.md, guidelines.md
  • Del Vecchio L, et al. KDIGO 2026 Clinical Practice Guideline for Anemia in Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): a commentary from the European Renal Best Practice (ERBP). Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2026;41(8):1554-1572. PMID 41604211 — tags: [anaemia] — cited by: anaemia-of-ckd.md

Mineral, bone and cardiovascular disease

  • Wanner et al. Atorvastatin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus undergoing hemodialysis. N Engl J Med. 2005;353(3):238-248. PMID 16034009 — tags: [ckd-mbd, cardiovascular] — cited by: cardiovascular-risk-in-ckd.md, red-flags-and-safety-concerns.md
  • Fellstrom et al. Rosuvastatin and cardiovascular events in patients undergoing hemodialysis. N Engl J Med. 2009;360(14):1395-1407. PMID 19332456 — tags: [ckd-mbd, cardiovascular] — cited by: cardiovascular-risk-in-ckd.md, overview.md, red-flags-and-safety-concerns.md
  • Baigent et al. The effects of lowering LDL cholesterol with simvastatin plus ezetimibe in patients with chronic kidney disease: SHARP. Lancet. 2011;377(9784):2181-2192. PMID 21663949 — tags: [ckd-mbd, cardiovascular] — cited by: cardiovascular-risk-in-ckd.md, overview.md
  • EVOLVE Trial Investigators et al. Effect of cinacalcet on cardiovascular disease in patients undergoing dialysis. N Engl J Med. 2012;367(26):2482-2494. PMID 23121374 — tags: [ckd-mbd, cardiovascular] — cited by: cardiovascular-risk-in-ckd.md, mineral-and-bone-disorder.md, overview.md, red-flags-and-safety-concerns.md
  • Thadhani R, et al. Vitamin D therapy and cardiac structure and function in patients with chronic kidney disease: the PRIMO randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2012;307(7):674-684. PMID 22337679 — tags: [ckd-mbd, cardiovascular] — cited by: mineral-and-bone-disorder.md, overview.md
  • Tonelli et al. Lipid management in chronic kidney disease: synopsis of the KDIGO 2013 clinical practice guideline. Ann Intern Med. 2014;160(3):182. PMID 24323134 — tags: [ckd-mbd, cardiovascular] — cited by: guidelines.md
  • Belozeroff et al. Economic Evaluation of Cinacalcet in the United States: The EVOLVE Trial. Value Health. 2015;18(8):1079-1087. PMID 26686794 — tags: [ckd-mbd, cardiovascular] — cited by: cardiovascular-risk-in-ckd.md, mineral-and-bone-disorder.md
  • Komaba et al. Cinacalcet and Clinical Outcomes in Dialysis. Semin Dial. 2015;28(6):594-603. PMID 26265359 — tags: [ckd-mbd, cardiovascular] — cited by: cardiovascular-risk-in-ckd.md, mineral-and-bone-disorder.md
  • Nigwekar SU, et al. Calciphylaxis: risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment. Am J Kidney Dis. 2015;66(1):133-146. PMID 25960299 — tags: [ckd-mbd, cardiovascular] — cited by: mineral-and-bone-disorder.md
  • Pun et al. Cinacalcet, dialysate calcium concentration, and cardiovascular events in the EVOLVE trial. Hemodial Int. 2016;20(3):421-431. PMID 26564024 — tags: [ckd-mbd, cardiovascular] — cited by: cardiovascular-risk-in-ckd.md, mineral-and-bone-disorder.md
  • Isakova et al. KDOQI US Commentary on the 2017 KDIGO CKD-MBD Guideline Update. Am J Kidney Dis. 2017;70(6):737-751. PMID 28941764 — tags: [ckd-mbd, cardiovascular] — cited by: cardiovascular-risk-in-ckd.md, mineral-and-bone-disorder.md
  • KDIGO CKD-MBD Update Work Group et al. KDIGO 2017 Clinical Practice Guideline Update for CKD-MBD. Kidney Int Suppl (2011). 2017;7(1):1-59. PMID 30675420 — tags: [ckd-mbd, cardiovascular] — cited by: cardiovascular-risk-in-ckd.md, mineral-and-bone-disorder.md
  • Ketteler et al. Executive summary of the 2017 KDIGO Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral and Bone Disorder Guideline Update. Kidney Int. 2017;92(1):26-36. PMID 28646995 — tags: [ckd-mbd, cardiovascular] — cited by: cardiovascular-risk-in-ckd.md, guidelines.md, mineral-and-bone-disorder.md
  • Burton et al. Renal Association commentary on the KDIGO 2017 CKD-MBD guideline update. BMC Nephrol. 2018;19(1):240. PMID 30236082 — tags: [ckd-mbd, cardiovascular] — cited by: cardiovascular-risk-in-ckd.md, mineral-and-bone-disorder.md
  • Beto et al. Overview of the 2017 KDIGO CKD-MBD Update: Practice Implications for Adult Hemodialysis Patients. J Ren Nutr. 2019;29(1):2-15. PMID 30150095 — tags: [ckd-mbd, cardiovascular] — cited by: cardiovascular-risk-in-ckd.md, mineral-and-bone-disorder.md
  • Wang et al. KDIGO CKD-MBD Guideline Update Implementation: Asia Summit Conference Report. Kidney Int Rep. 2019;4(11):1523-1537. PMID 31890994 — tags: [ckd-mbd, cardiovascular] — cited by: cardiovascular-risk-in-ckd.md, mineral-and-bone-disorder.md
  • Bangalore S, et al. Management of Coronary Disease in Patients with Advanced Kidney Disease. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(17):1608-1618. PMID 32227756 — tags: [ckd-mbd, cardiovascular] — cited by: cardiovascular-risk-in-ckd.md
  • Liu et al. Cost-effectiveness analysis of cinacalcet for haemodialysis patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism based on EVOLVE. BMJ Open. 2020;10(8):e034123. PMID 32753447 — tags: [ckd-mbd, cardiovascular] — cited by: cardiovascular-risk-in-ckd.md, mineral-and-bone-disorder.md
  • Ogata H, et al. Effect of Treating Hyperphosphatemia With Lanthanum Carbonate vs Calcium Carbonate on Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease Undergoing Hemodialysis: The LANDMARK Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2021;325(19):1946-1954. PMID 34003226 — tags: [ckd-mbd, cardiovascular] — cited by: mineral-and-bone-disorder.md, overview.md
  • Pokorney SD, et al. Apixaban for Patients With Atrial Fibrillation on Hemodialysis: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial. Circulation. 2022;146(23):1735-1745. PMID 36335914 — tags: [ckd-mbd, cardiovascular] — cited by: cardiovascular-risk-in-ckd.md
  • Xu et al. Interventions To Attenuate Vascular Calcification Progression in Chronic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review of Clinical Trials. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2022;33(5):1011-1032. PMID 35232774 — tags: [ckd-mbd, cardiovascular] — cited by: cardiovascular-risk-in-ckd.md, mineral-and-bone-disorder.md
  • Ndumele CE, et al. Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Health: A Presidential Advisory From the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2023;148(20):1606-1635. PMID 37807924 — tags: [ckd-mbd, cardiovascular] — cited by: cardiovascular-risk-in-ckd.md, guidelines.md
  • Fu EL, et al. Comparative Safety and Effectiveness of Warfarin or Rivaroxaban Versus Apixaban in Patients With Advanced CKD and Atrial Fibrillation: Nationwide US Cohort Study. Am J Kidney Dis. 2024;83(3):293-305.e1. PMID 37839687 — tags: [ckd-mbd, cardiovascular] — cited by: cardiovascular-risk-in-ckd.md
  • Ketteler et al. Chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder: conclusions from a KDIGO Controversies Conference. Kidney Int. 2025;107(3):405-423. PMID 39864017 — tags: [ckd-mbd, cardiovascular] — cited by: cardiovascular-risk-in-ckd.md, mineral-and-bone-disorder.md
  • Natale P, et al. Phosphate binders for preventing and treating chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD). Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2025;6(6):CD006023. PMID 40576086 — tags: [ckd-mbd, cardiovascular] — cited by: mineral-and-bone-disorder.md
  • Tian L, et al. Progression of Coronary Artery Calcification and Risk of Clinical Events in CKD: The Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort Study. Am J Kidney Dis. 2025;85(1):67-77.e1. PMID 39154888 — tags: [ckd-mbd, cardiovascular] — cited by: cardiovascular-risk-in-ckd.md

Nutrition, potassium and acidosis

  • Klahr et al. The effects of dietary protein restriction and blood-pressure control on the progression of chronic renal disease: MDRD. N Engl J Med. 1994;330(13):877-884. PMID 8114857 — tags: [nutrition, potassium, acidosis] — cited by: diet-and-nutrition.md, potassium-acidosis-and-metabolic.md
  • Levey AS, et al. Effects of dietary protein restriction on the progression of advanced renal disease in the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study. Am J Kidney Dis. 1996;27(5):652-663. PMID 8629624 — tags: [nutrition, potassium, acidosis] — cited by: diet-and-nutrition.md
  • Levey et al. Dietary protein restriction and the progression of chronic renal disease: what have all of the results of the MDRD study shown? J Am Soc Nephrol. 1999;10(11):2426-2439. PMID 10541304 — tags: [nutrition, potassium, acidosis] — cited by: diet-and-nutrition.md, potassium-acidosis-and-metabolic.md
  • Levey AS, et al. Effect of dietary protein restriction on the progression of kidney disease: long-term follow-up of the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) Study. Am J Kidney Dis. 2006;48(6):879-888. PMID 17162142 — tags: [nutrition, potassium, acidosis] — cited by: diet-and-nutrition.md
  • Clark WF, et al. Effect of Coaching to Increase Water Intake on Kidney Function Decline in Adults With Chronic Kidney Disease: The CKD WIT Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2018;319(18):1870-1879. PMID 29801012 — tags: [nutrition, potassium, acidosis] — cited by: diet-and-nutrition.md
  • Garofalo C, et al. Dietary Salt Restriction in Chronic Kidney Disease: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials. Nutrients. 2018;10(6):732. PMID 29882800 — tags: [nutrition, potassium, acidosis] — cited by: diet-and-nutrition.md
  • Yan et al. Effect of diet protein restriction on progression of chronic kidney disease: systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2018;13(11):e0206134. PMID 30403710 — tags: [nutrition, potassium, acidosis] — cited by: diet-and-nutrition.md, potassium-acidosis-and-metabolic.md
  • Di Iorio BR, et al. Treatment of metabolic acidosis with sodium bicarbonate delays progression of chronic kidney disease: the UBI Study. J Nephrol. 2019;32(6):989-1001. PMID 31598912 — tags: [nutrition, potassium, acidosis] — cited by: overview.md, potassium-acidosis-and-metabolic.md
  • Goraya N, et al. Fruit and Vegetable Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease-Related Metabolic Acidosis Reduces Cardiovascular Risk Better than Sodium Bicarbonate. Am J Nephrol. 2019;49(6):438-448. PMID 30995657 — tags: [nutrition, potassium, acidosis] — cited by: potassium-acidosis-and-metabolic.md
  • Carrero et al. Plant-based diets to manage the risks and complications of chronic kidney disease. Nat Rev Nephrol. 2020;16(9):525-542. PMID 32528189 — tags: [nutrition, potassium, acidosis] — cited by: diet-and-nutrition.md, potassium-acidosis-and-metabolic.md
  • Clase CM, et al. Potassium homeostasis and management of dyskalemia in kidney diseases: conclusions from a Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Controversies Conference. Kidney Int. 2020;97(1):42-61. PMID 31706619 — tags: [nutrition, potassium, acidosis] — cited by: diet-and-nutrition.md
  • Moest WT, et al. Liberal fruit and vegetable intake in patients with advanced CKD with or without Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate. J Ren Nutr. 2026. PMID 42636918 — tags: [nutrition, potassium, randomized-trial] — cited by: diet-and-nutrition.md
  • Clegg et al. Impact of Dietary Potassium Restrictions in CKD on Clinical Outcomes: Benefits of a Plant-Based Diet. Kidney Med. 2020;2(4):476-487. PMID 32775988 — tags: [nutrition, potassium, acidosis] — cited by: diet-and-nutrition.md, potassium-acidosis-and-metabolic.md
  • Ikizler et al. KDOQI Clinical Practice Guideline for Nutrition in CKD: 2020 Update. Am J Kidney Dis. 2020;76(3 Suppl 1):S1-S107. PMID 32829751 — tags: [nutrition, potassium, acidosis] — cited by: diet-and-nutrition.md, guidelines.md, potassium-acidosis-and-metabolic.md
  • Natale et al. Potassium binders for chronic hyperkalaemia in people with CKD. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020;6(6):CD013165. PMID 32588430 — tags: [nutrition, potassium, acidosis] — cited by: diet-and-nutrition.md, potassium-acidosis-and-metabolic.md, red-flags-and-safety-concerns.md
  • Ikizler et al. The 2020 Updated KDOQI Clinical Practice Guidelines for Nutrition in Chronic Kidney Disease. Blood Purif. 2021;50(4-5):667-671. PMID 33652433 — tags: [nutrition, potassium, acidosis] — cited by: diet-and-nutrition.md, potassium-acidosis-and-metabolic.md
  • Kistler et al. ISRNM commentary on the KDOQI Clinical Practice Guideline for Nutrition in CKD. J Ren Nutr. 2021;31(2):116-120.e1. PMID 32737016 — tags: [nutrition, potassium, acidosis] — cited by: diet-and-nutrition.md, potassium-acidosis-and-metabolic.md
  • Butler J, et al. Patiromer for the management of hyperkalemia in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: the DIAMOND trial. Eur Heart J. 2022;43(41):4362-4373. PMID 35900838 — tags: [nutrition, potassium, acidosis] — cited by: potassium-acidosis-and-metabolic.md
  • Du S, et al. Association Between Ultraprocessed Food Consumption and Risk of Incident CKD: A Prospective Cohort Study. Am J Kidney Dis. 2022;80(5):589-598.e1. PMID 35679994 — tags: [nutrition, potassium, acidosis] — cited by: diet-and-nutrition.md
  • Leon SJ, et al. Hyperkalemia-Related Discontinuation of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Inhibitors and Clinical Outcomes in CKD: A Population-Based Cohort Study. Am J Kidney Dis. 2022;80(2):164-173.e1. PMID 35085685 — tags: [nutrition, potassium, acidosis] — cited by: potassium-acidosis-and-metabolic.md
  • Jiang et al. Protein restriction for diabetic kidney disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2023;1(1):CD014906. PMID 36594428 — tags: [nutrition, potassium, acidosis] — cited by: diet-and-nutrition.md, potassium-acidosis-and-metabolic.md
  • Sullivan VK, et al. Ultraprocessed Foods and Kidney Disease Progression, Mortality, and Cardiovascular Disease Risk in the CRIC Study. Am J Kidney Dis. 2023;82(2):202-212. PMID 37028638 — tags: [nutrition, potassium, acidosis] — cited by: diet-and-nutrition.md
  • Sumida et al. New Insights Into Dietary Approaches to Potassium Management in Chronic Kidney Disease. J Ren Nutr. 2023;33(6S):S6-S12. PMID 37610407 — tags: [nutrition, potassium, acidosis] — cited by: diet-and-nutrition.md, potassium-acidosis-and-metabolic.md
  • Amir S, et al. Adherence to Plant-Based Diets and Risk of CKD Progression and All-Cause Mortality: Findings From the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) Study. Am J Kidney Dis. 2024;83(5):624-635. PMID 38103719 — tags: [nutrition, potassium, acidosis] — cited by: diet-and-nutrition.md
  • Ash et al. Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate in CKD, hyperkalemia, and metabolic acidosis: NEUTRALIZE. Kidney360. 2024;5(6):812-820. PMID 38622759 — tags: [nutrition, potassium, acidosis] — cited by: diet-and-nutrition.md, potassium-acidosis-and-metabolic.md, red-flags-and-safety-concerns.md
  • Chen et al. Ketoanalogue supplementation combined with protein-restricted diets in advanced chronic kidney disease: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Nephrol. 2024;37(8):2113-2125. PMID 39340710 — tags: [nutrition, potassium, acidosis] — cited by: diet-and-nutrition.md, potassium-acidosis-and-metabolic.md
  • Sorohan et al. Sodium citrate versus sodium bicarbonate for metabolic acidosis in CKD. Medicine (Baltimore). 2024;103(10):e37475. PMID 38457574 — tags: [nutrition, potassium, acidosis] — cited by: diet-and-nutrition.md, potassium-acidosis-and-metabolic.md
  • Tangri et al. VALOR-CKD trial of veverimer in CKD with metabolic acidosis. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2024;35(3):311-320. PMID 38261535 — tags: [nutrition, potassium, acidosis] — cited by: diet-and-nutrition.md, overview.md, potassium-acidosis-and-metabolic.md, red-flags-and-safety-concerns.md
  • Fishbane S, et al. The randomized DIALIZE-Outcomes trial evaluated sodium zirconium cyclosilicate in hemodialysis. Kidney Int. 2025;108(4):686-694. PMID 40618849 — tags: [nutrition, potassium, acidosis] — cited by: overview.md, potassium-acidosis-and-metabolic.md

Inherited and glomerular disease

  • Torres et al. Tolvaptan in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. N Engl J Med. 2012;367(25):2407-2418. PMID 23121377 — tags: [inherited, glomerular] — cited by: inherited-and-glomerular-disease.md
  • Schrier et al. Blood pressure in early autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. N Engl J Med. 2014;371(24):2255-2266. PMID 25399733 — tags: [inherited, glomerular] — cited by: inherited-and-glomerular-disease.md
  • Torres et al. Tolvaptan in Later-Stage Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease. N Engl J Med. 2017;377(20):1930-1942. PMID 29105594 — tags: [inherited, glomerular] — cited by: inherited-and-glomerular-disease.md
  • Fervenza FC, et al. Rituximab or Cyclosporine in the Treatment of Membranous Nephropathy. N Engl J Med. 2019;381(1):36-46. PMID 31269364 — tags: [inherited, glomerular] — cited by: inherited-and-glomerular-disease.md
  • Benson et al. Diagnostic utility of genetic testing in patients undergoing renal biopsy. Cold Spring Harb Mol Case Stud. 2020;6(5). PMID 32723786 — tags: [inherited, glomerular] — cited by: causes-and-aetiology.md, inherited-and-glomerular-disease.md
  • Pinto E Vairo et al. Genomics Integration Into Nephrology Practice. Kidney Med. 2021;3(5):785-798. PMID 34746741 — tags: [inherited, glomerular] — cited by: inherited-and-glomerular-disease.md
  • Rovin BH, et al. Efficacy and safety of voclosporin versus placebo for lupus nephritis (AURORA 1): a double-blind, randomised, multicentre, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2021;397(10289):2070-2080. PMID 33971155 — tags: [inherited, glomerular] — cited by: inherited-and-glomerular-disease.md
  • Granhoj et al. Family History is Important to Identify Patients with Monogenic Causes of Adult-Onset CKD. Nephron. 2022;146(1):49-57. PMID 34515170 — tags: [inherited, glomerular] — cited by: causes-and-aetiology.md, inherited-and-glomerular-disease.md
  • Rovin BH, et al. A secondary analysis of the Belimumab International Study in Lupus Nephritis trial examined effects of belimumab on kidney outcomes and preservation of kidney function in patients with lupus nephritis. Kidney Int. 2022;101(2):403-413. PMID 34560137 — tags: [inherited, glomerular] — cited by: inherited-and-glomerular-disease.md
  • Lafayette et al. Targeted-release budesonide in primary IgA nephropathy: NefIgArd 2-year results. Lancet. 2023;402(10405):859-870. PMID 37591292 — tags: [inherited, glomerular] — cited by: causes-and-aetiology.md, clinical-trials-landscape.md, inherited-and-glomerular-disease.md
  • Rheault et al. Sparsentan versus Irbesartan in Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis. N Engl J Med. 2023;389(26):2436-2445. PMID 37921461 — tags: [inherited, glomerular] — cited by: clinical-trials-landscape.md, inherited-and-glomerular-disease.md, overview.md, pathophysiology-and-progression.md, red-flags-and-safety-concerns.md
  • Rovin et al. Sparsentan versus irbesartan in IgA nephropathy: PROTECT 2-year results. Lancet. 2023;402(10417):2077-2090. PMID 37931634 — tags: [inherited, glomerular] — cited by: causes-and-aetiology.md, clinical-trials-landscape.md, inherited-and-glomerular-disease.md
  • Geetha D, et al. Treatment With Avacopan in ANCA-Associated Vasculitis With Kidney Involvement. Kidney Int Rep. 2025;10(8):2751-2765. PMID 40814647 — tags: [inherited, glomerular] — cited by: inherited-and-glomerular-disease.md
  • Lafayette R, et al. Efficacy and Safety of Ravulizumab in IgA Nephropathy: A Phase 2 Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2025;36(4):645-656. PMID 39455063 — tags: [inherited, glomerular] — cited by: inherited-and-glomerular-disease.md
  • Perkovic V, et al. Alternative Complement Pathway Inhibition with Iptacopan in IgA Nephropathy. N Engl J Med. 2025;392(6):531-543. PMID 39453772 — tags: [inherited, glomerular] — cited by: inherited-and-glomerular-disease.md
  • Barratt J, et al. Iptacopan in IgA Nephropathy - Final 24-Month Data. N Engl J Med. 2026;395(5):465-477. PMID 41910396 — tags: [inherited, glomerular] — cited by: clinical-trials-landscape.md, inherited-and-glomerular-disease.md
  • Chen Q, et al. Endothelin Receptor Antagonist Ambrisentan, Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitor Henagliflozin, and Their Combination in IgA Nephropathy: A Randomized Crossover Trial. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2026;37(9):2016-2026. PMID 41949916 — tags: [glomerular, iga-nephropathy, randomized-trial] — cited by: clinical-trials-landscape.md, inherited-and-glomerular-disease.md
  • Heerspink HJL, et al. A meta-analysis of albuminuria as a surrogate endpoint for kidney failure. Nat Med. 2026;32(1):281-287. PMID 41198855 — tags: [inherited, glomerular] — cited by: definition-staging-and-measurement.md, inherited-and-glomerular-disease.md, overview.md
  • Heerspink HJL, et al. Atrasentan in patients with IgA nephropathy (ALIGN): final 2.5-year results from a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2026;407(10546):2387-2401. PMID 42242268 — tags: [inherited, glomerular] — cited by: clinical-trials-landscape.md, glp1-and-emerging-therapy.md, inherited-and-glomerular-disease.md
  • Neuen et al. Finerenone in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease Due to Glomerular Diseases: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2026;336(3):224-235. PMID 42246414 — tags: [inherited, glomerular] — cited by: clinical-trials-landscape.md, inherited-and-glomerular-disease.md

Kidney replacement and conservative care

  • Cooper et al. A randomized, controlled trial of early versus late initiation of dialysis. N Engl J Med. 2010;363(7):609-619. PMID 20581422 — tags: [krt, conservative-care] — cited by: conservative-and-supportive-care.md, kidney-replacement-therapy-decisions.md, symptom-burden-and-patient-experience.md
  • Weinhandl ED, et al. Propensity-matched mortality comparison of incident hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis patients. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2010;21(3):499-506. PMID 20133483 — tags: [krt, conservative-care] — cited by: kidney-replacement-therapy-decisions.md
  • Rocco MV, et al. The effects of frequent nocturnal home hemodialysis: the Frequent Hemodialysis Network Nocturnal Trial. Kidney Int. 2011;80(10):1080-1091. PMID 21775973 — tags: [krt, conservative-care] — cited by: kidney-replacement-therapy-decisions.md
  • Rocco MV, et al. Long-term Effects of Frequent Nocturnal Hemodialysis on Mortality: The Frequent Hemodialysis Network (FHN) Nocturnal Trial. Am J Kidney Dis. 2015;66(3):459-468. PMID 25863828 — tags: [krt, conservative-care] — cited by: kidney-replacement-therapy-decisions.md
  • Wongrakpanich et al. Dialysis Therapy and Conservative Management of Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease in the Elderly: A Systematic Review. Nephron. 2017;137(3):178-189. PMID 28538218 — tags: [krt, conservative-care] — cited by: conservative-and-supportive-care.md, kidney-replacement-therapy-decisions.md, symptom-burden-and-patient-experience.md
  • Chen JC, et al. End of Life, Withdrawal, and Palliative Care Utilization among Patients Receiving Maintenance Hemodialysis Therapy. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2018;13(8):1172-1179. PMID 30026285 — tags: [krt, conservative-care] — cited by: conservative-and-supportive-care.md
  • Mathew et al. Mortality and Hospitalizations in Intensive Dialysis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Can J Kidney Health Dis. 2018;5:2054358117749531. PMID 29348924 — tags: [krt, conservative-care] — cited by: kidney-replacement-therapy-decisions.md
  • Verberne WR, et al. Value-based evaluation of dialysis versus conservative care in older patients with advanced chronic kidney disease: a cohort study. BMC Nephrol. 2018;19(1):205. PMID 30115028 — tags: [krt, conservative-care] — cited by: conservative-and-supportive-care.md
  • Ravichandran et al. Survival benefit of renal transplantation in octogenarians. Clin Transplant. 2020;34(11):e14074. PMID 32882090 — tags: [krt, conservative-care] — cited by: kidney-replacement-therapy-decisions.md
  • Buur et al. Does conservative kidney management offer a quantity or quality of life benefit compared to dialysis? A systematic review. BMC Nephrol. 2021;22(1):307. PMID 34507554 — tags: [krt, conservative-care] — cited by: conservative-and-supportive-care.md, kidney-replacement-therapy-decisions.md, symptom-burden-and-patient-experience.md
  • Chaudhry D, et al. Survival for waitlisted kidney failure patients receiving transplantation versus remaining on waiting list: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 2022;376:e068769. PMID 35232772 — tags: [krt, conservative-care] — cited by: kidney-replacement-therapy-decisions.md
  • MyTEMP writing committee. Personalised cooler dialysate for patients receiving maintenance haemodialysis (MyTEMP): a pragmatic, cluster-randomised trial. Lancet. 2022;400(10364):1693-1703. PMID 36343653 — tags: [krt, conservative-care] — cited by: kidney-replacement-therapy-decisions.md
  • Vilar E, et al. A multicenter feasibility randomized controlled trial to assess the impact of incremental versus conventional initiation of hemodialysis on residual kidney function. Kidney Int. 2022;101(3):615-625. PMID 34418414 — tags: [krt, conservative-care] — cited by: kidney-replacement-therapy-decisions.md
  • Wong et al. Long-term Outcomes Among Patients With Advanced Kidney Disease Who Forgo Maintenance Dialysis: A Systematic Review. JAMA Netw Open. 2022;5(3):e222255. PMID 35285915 — tags: [krt, conservative-care] — cited by: conservative-and-supportive-care.md, kidney-replacement-therapy-decisions.md, symptom-burden-and-patient-experience.md
  • Geroldinger et al. Sex differences in the survival benefit of kidney transplantation: target trial emulation. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2023;39(1):36-44. PMID 37403325 — tags: [krt, conservative-care] — cited by: kidney-replacement-therapy-decisions.md
  • Vernooij RWM, et al. Haemodiafiltration versus haemodialysis for kidney failure: an individual patient data meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Lancet. 2024. PMID 39489903 — tags: [krt, conservative-care] — cited by: kidney-replacement-therapy-decisions.md
  • Chaudhry et al. Survival of patients with kidney failure awaiting transplantation stratified by age and ethnicity. Br J Surg. 2024;111(1). PMID 38291006 — tags: [krt, conservative-care] — cited by: kidney-replacement-therapy-decisions.md
  • Cheetham MS, et al. Home versus in-centre haemodialysis for people with kidney failure. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2024;4(4):CD009535. PMID 38588450 — tags: [krt, conservative-care] — cited by: kidney-replacement-therapy-decisions.md
  • Ethier I, et al. Peritoneal dialysis versus haemodialysis for people commencing dialysis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2024;6(6):CD013800. PMID 38899545 — tags: [krt, conservative-care] — cited by: kidney-replacement-therapy-decisions.md
  • Song MK, et al. Effectiveness of an Advance Care Planning Intervention in Adults Receiving Dialysis and Their Families: A Cluster Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Netw Open. 2024;7(1):e2351511. PMID 38289604 — tags: [krt, conservative-care] — cited by: conservative-and-supportive-care.md
  • Song MK, et al. Implementation of An Advance Care Planning Intervention in Dialysis Clinics. Am J Kidney Dis. 2025;85(6):679-686. PMID 39863263 — tags: [krt, conservative-care] — cited by: conservative-and-supportive-care.md
  • Yang et al. Conservative kidney management versus dialysis for stage 5 chronic kidney disease in older people. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2025;12(12):CD015151. PMID 41363177 — tags: [krt, conservative-care] — cited by: conservative-and-supportive-care.md, kidney-replacement-therapy-decisions.md, symptom-burden-and-patient-experience.md

Symptoms, outcomes and patient priorities

  • Evangelidis et al. Developing a Set of Core Outcomes for Trials in Hemodialysis: International Delphi Survey. Am J Kidney Dis. 2017;70(4):464-475. PMID 28238554 — tags: [symptoms, outcomes, patient-priorities] — cited by: conservative-and-supportive-care.md, kidney-replacement-therapy-decisions.md, symptom-burden-and-patient-experience.md
  • Tong et al. Establishing Core Outcome Domains in Hemodialysis: SONG-HD consensus workshop. Am J Kidney Dis. 2017;69(1):97-107. PMID 27497527 — tags: [symptoms, outcomes, patient-priorities] — cited by: conservative-and-supportive-care.md, kidney-replacement-therapy-decisions.md, symptom-burden-and-patient-experience.md
  • Ju et al. Establishing a Core Outcome Measure for Fatigue in Patients on Hemodialysis. Am J Kidney Dis. 2018;72(1):104-112. PMID 29551585 — tags: [symptoms, outcomes, patient-priorities] — cited by: anaemia-of-ckd.md, conservative-and-supportive-care.md, symptom-burden-and-patient-experience.md
  • Raj et al. Validation of the IPOS-Renal Symptom Survey in Advanced Kidney Disease. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2018;56(2):281-287. PMID 29729346 — tags: [symptoms, outcomes, patient-priorities] — cited by: conservative-and-supportive-care.md, kidney-replacement-therapy-decisions.md, symptom-burden-and-patient-experience.md
  • Jacobson J, et al. Patient Perspectives on the Meaning and Impact of Fatigue in Hemodialysis: A Systematic Review and Thematic Analysis of Qualitative Studies. Am J Kidney Dis. 2019;74(2):179-192. PMID 30955947 — tags: [symptoms, outcomes, patient-priorities] — cited by: symptom-burden-and-patient-experience.md
  • Mehrotra R, et al. Comparative Efficacy of Therapies for Treatment of Depression for Patients Undergoing Maintenance Hemodialysis: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Ann Intern Med. 2019;170(6):369-379. PMID 30802897 — tags: [symptoms, outcomes, patient-priorities] — cited by: symptom-burden-and-patient-experience.md
  • Fishbane et al. A Phase 3 Trial of Difelikefalin in Hemodialysis Patients with Pruritus. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(3):222-232. PMID 31702883 — tags: [symptoms, outcomes, patient-priorities] — cited by: conservative-and-supportive-care.md, kidney-replacement-therapy-decisions.md, symptom-burden-and-patient-experience.md
  • James et al. Characteristics, Symptom Severity, and Experiences of Patients Reporting CKD in an Online Health Community. J Med Internet Res. 2020;22(7):e18548. PMID 32673242 — tags: [symptoms, outcomes, patient-priorities] — cited by: conservative-and-supportive-care.md, symptom-burden-and-patient-experience.md
  • Ju A, et al. Validation of a Core Patient-Reported Outcome Measure for Fatigue in Patients Receiving Hemodialysis: The SONG-HD Fatigue Instrument. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2020;15(11):1614-1621. PMID 33093215 — tags: [symptoms, outcomes, patient-priorities] — cited by: symptom-burden-and-patient-experience.md
  • Scherer et al. A Descriptive Analysis of an Ambulatory Kidney Palliative Care Program. J Palliat Med. 2020;23(2):259-263. PMID 31295050 — tags: [symptoms, outcomes, patient-priorities] — cited by: conservative-and-supportive-care.md, symptom-burden-and-patient-experience.md
  • Davison SN, et al. The Prevalence and Severity of Chronic Pain in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Can J Kidney Health Dis. 2021;8:2054358121993995. PMID 33680484 — tags: [symptoms, outcomes, patient-priorities] — cited by: symptom-burden-and-patient-experience.md
  • Fletcher BR, et al. Symptom burden and health-related quality of life in chronic kidney disease: A global systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS Med. 2022;19(4):e1003954. PMID 35385471 — tags: [symptoms, outcomes, patient-priorities] — cited by: overview.md, symptom-burden-and-patient-experience.md
  • Agarwal et al. Feasibility of Symptom monitoring WIth Feedback Trial for adults on hemodialysis. BMC Nephrol. 2023;24(1):345. PMID 37993776 — tags: [symptoms, outcomes, patient-priorities] — cited by: conservative-and-supportive-care.md, symptom-burden-and-patient-experience.md
  • Anding-Rost K, et al. Exercise during Hemodialysis in Patients with Chronic Kidney Failure. NEJM Evid. 2023;2(9):EVIDoa2300057. PMID 38320198 — tags: [symptoms, outcomes, patient-priorities] — cited by: clinical-trials-landscape.md, symptom-burden-and-patient-experience.md
  • Weiner DE, et al. Effect of Long-term Exercise Training on Physical Performance and Cardiorespiratory Function in Adults With CKD: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Am J Kidney Dis. 2023;81(1):59-66. PMID 35944747 — tags: [symptoms, outcomes, patient-priorities] — cited by: symptom-burden-and-patient-experience.md
  • Liu et al. Kidney Supportive Care for Working-Age Adults with Chronic Kidney Disease: symptom burden. Nephron. 2024;148(1):34-42. PMID 37429259 — tags: [symptoms, outcomes, patient-priorities] — cited by: conservative-and-supportive-care.md, symptom-burden-and-patient-experience.md
  • Lyons OD, et al. Sleep disorders in chronic kidney disease. Nat Rev Nephrol. 2024;20(10):690-700. PMID 38789686 — tags: [symptoms, outcomes, patient-priorities] — cited by: symptom-burden-and-patient-experience.md
  • Hughes et al. Core Outcome Measure for Life Participation in Patients with CKD. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2025;20(8):1041-1050. PMID 40569671 — tags: [symptoms, outcomes, patient-priorities] — cited by: conservative-and-supportive-care.md, symptom-burden-and-patient-experience.md
  • Schade van Westrum et al. Fatigue across different chronic kidney disease populations: experiences and needs of patients. Clin Kidney J. 2025;18(5):sfaf118. PMID 40599823 — tags: [symptoms, outcomes, patient-priorities] — cited by: conservative-and-supportive-care.md, kidney-replacement-therapy-decisions.md, symptom-burden-and-patient-experience.md

Safety and negative trials

  • de Zeeuw et al. Bardoxolone methyl in type 2 diabetes and stage 4 CKD. N Engl J Med. 2013;369(26):2492-2503. PMID 24206459 — tags: [safety, negative-trials] — cited by: glp1-and-emerging-therapy.md, red-flags-and-safety-concerns.md
  • Hung SC, et al. Metformin use and mortality in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease: national, retrospective, observational, cohort study. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2015;3(8):605-614. PMID 26094107 — tags: [safety, negative-trials] — cited by: red-flags-and-safety-concerns.md
  • Weisbord SD, et al. Outcomes after Angiography with Sodium Bicarbonate and Acetylcysteine. N Engl J Med. 2018;378(7):603-614. PMID 29130810 — tags: [safety, negative-trials] — cited by: red-flags-and-safety-concerns.md
  • Krueger KM, et al. Practical Guide to Vaccination in All Stages of CKD, Including Patients Treated by Dialysis or Kidney Transplantation. Am J Kidney Dis. 2020;75(3):417-425. PMID 31585683 — tags: [safety, negative-trials] — cited by: red-flags-and-safety-concerns.md
  • Weisbord SD, et al. Contrast-Associated Acute Kidney Injury and Serious Adverse Outcomes Following Angiography. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020;75(11):1311-1320. PMID 32192658 — tags: [safety, negative-trials] — cited by: red-flags-and-safety-concerns.md
  • Woolen SA, et al. Risk of Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis in Patients With Stage 4 or 5 Chronic Kidney Disease Receiving a Group II Gadolinium-Based Contrast Agent: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Intern Med. 2020;180(2):223-230. PMID 31816007 — tags: [safety, negative-trials] — cited by: red-flags-and-safety-concerns.md
  • Macdonald et al. Canadian guidance on contrast-associated acute kidney injury. Can J Kidney Health Dis. 2022;9:20543581221097455. PMID 35646375 — tags: [safety, negative-trials] — cited by: red-flags-and-safety-concerns.md
  • Soliman S, et al. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: what is the actual risk of chronic kidney disease? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Rom J Intern Med. 2025;63(1):3-27. PMID 39412516 — tags: [safety, negative-trials] — cited by: red-flags-and-safety-concerns.md
  • Chagas MW, et al. Chronic Kidney Disease and Superimposed Acute Kidney Injury: Greater Impact of Acute Insults on Outcomes. Int J Nephrol. 2026;2026:1353892. PMID 41523706 — tags: [safety, negative-trials] — cited by: red-flags-and-safety-concerns.md

Guideline commentaries

  • Wanner C, et al. KDIGO Clinical Practice Guideline for Lipid Management in CKD: summary of recommendation statements and clinical approach to the patient. Kidney Int. 2014;85(6):1303-1309. PMID 24552851 — tags: [guidelines] — cited by: guidelines.md
  • Martinez YV, et al. Chronic kidney disease: summary of updated NICE guidance. BMJ. 2021;374:n1992. PMID 34489303 — tags: [guidelines] — cited by: guidelines.md
  • Cusick MM, et al. Population-Wide Screening for Chronic Kidney Disease: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis. Ann Intern Med. 2023;176(6):788-797. PMID 37216661 — tags: [guidelines] — cited by: epidemiology-and-burden.md, guidelines.md
  • Fu EL, et al. Accuracy of GFR Estimating Equations in Patients with Discordances between Creatinine and Cystatin C-Based Estimations. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2023;34(7):1241-1251. PMID 36995139 — tags: [guidelines] — cited by: definition-staging-and-measurement.md, guidelines.md
  • Cusick MM, et al. When to Start Population-Wide Screening for Chronic Kidney Disease: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis. JAMA Health Forum. 2024;5(11):e243892. PMID 39514193 — tags: [guidelines] — cited by: epidemiology-and-burden.md, guidelines.md
  • Khan SS, et al. Development and Validation of the American Heart Association's PREVENT Equations. Circulation. 2024;149(6):430-449. PMID 37947085 — tags: [guidelines] — cited by: guidelines.md, risk-prediction-and-prognosis.md
  • Ndumele CE, et al. 2026 AHA/ACC/ADA/ASN Guideline for the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Management of Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2026;87(22S):e1889-e2007. PMID 42265997 — tags: [guidelines] — cited by: guidelines.md
  • American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee. 11. Chronic Kidney Disease and Risk Management: Standards of Care in Diabetes-2026. Diabetes Care. 2026;49(Suppl 1):S246-S260. PMID 41358881 — tags: [guidelines] — cited by: guidelines.md
  • Ndumele CE, et al. 2026 AHA/ACC/ADA/ASN Guideline for the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Management of Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome. Circulation. 2026;154(4):e50-e158. PMID 42263157 — tags: [guidelines] — cited by: guidelines.md
  • Neuen BL, et al. Multinational validation of the PREVENT and SCORE2 cardiovascular risk equations across 6.4 million individuals. Nat Med. 2026;32(7):2629-2638. PMID 42086979 — tags: [guidelines] — cited by: guidelines.md, risk-prediction-and-prognosis.md

Total distinct records: 306.